scholarly journals Prediabetes Burden in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Ado Bashir ◽  
Anas Ibrahim Yahaya ◽  
Mukhtar Muhammad ◽  
Ashiru Hassan Yusuf ◽  
Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Health Organization

Prediabetes is a borderline glycemic status associated with both higher incidence of cardiovascular disease as well as higher risk of progression to diabetes. There is a rising burden of diabetes and prediabetes globally. This study aims to estimate the burden of prediabetes in Nigeria. Online searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted and studies were selected based on predefined criteria. A total of 15 studies consisting of 14,206 individuals conducted between 2000 and 2019 were included in the meta-analysis with studies using American Diabetic Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria pooled separately. The pooled prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria was found to be 13.2% (95% CI: 5.6–23.2%, I2 = 98.4%) using the ADA criteria and 10.4% (95% CI: 4.3–18.9%, I2 = 99.2%) using the WHO criteria. According to the latest data by the United Nations, this translates to an estimated 15.8 and 12.5 million adult prediabetic individuals in Nigeria using the ADA and WHO criteria, respectively. The prevalence rates for women and men were similar at 12.1% (95% CI: 5–21%). The pooled prevalence rates for urban and rural settlements were also similar at 9% (95% CI: 2–22%). In conclusion, the prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria was almost two times higher than the 7.3% estimate by the International Diabetes Federation in 2003. The similar rates of prediabetes between men and women and between urban and rural settlements points toward narrowing of cardiovascular risk burden between the two sexes and the two settlements. This represents higher future cardiovascular disease burden in the country further pressurizing the overstretched healthcare system.

scholarly journals Global and Regional Prevalence and Burden of Latent and Acute Toxoplasmosis in People Living With HIV: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rostami ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Riahi ◽  
Shayan Abdollahzadeh Sagha ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Mahdi Sepidarkish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection is one of the most prevalent opportunistic and life-threatening infections in people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of latent (LT) and acute (AT) toxoplasmosis in PLWH.Methods: Eligible studies reporting the prevalence of LT or AT in PLWH were searched from January 1980 to July 2020, using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Sciences, SciELO and Embase databases. We used a random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and evaluated overall burden of co-infection worldwide. Countries were categorised based on World Health Organization regions. Multiple subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed.Results: From 4,024 studies identified, 150 (involving 44,473 PLWH) and 65 (involving 17,705 PLWH) studies met the inclusion criteria, for LT and AT in PLWH, respectively. The overall prevalence rates of LT and AT in PLWH were 37.4% (95% CI, 33.4–4.4) and 1.3% (95%CI, 0.9–1.8%), respectively. We estimated that, worldwide, approximately 14.2 and 0.5 million PLWH are affected by LT and AT, respectively. The highest and lowest burden of LT and AT were seen in the African and Western Pacific regions, respectively. Moreover prevalence rates were highest in countries with low levels of income and human development indexes. We indicated that eating raw/undercooked meat, frequent contact with soil, low numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes and older age were significant risk factors of toxoplasmosis in PLWH.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that, a high number of PLWH are exposed to or infected with T. gondii. These findings suggest a need for more routine testing, care of, and treatment for T. gondii infection in all PLWH, and educating these patients about risk factors and preventive measures to reduce the burden of both latent and acute toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Compliance to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Association with the Number of ANC Visits in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yinager Workineh ◽  
Ayele Semachew ◽  
Emiru Ayalew ◽  
Worku Animaw Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Iron Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Health Organization

Background. The World Health Organization recommended that 80% of communities in all countries should receive the standard dose of iron folic acid. But, in Ethiopia, this target was not yet achieved. The compliance of iron folic acid was also variable across each district. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess women compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with a number of antenatal care visits in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018. Methods. In the current meta-analysis, the target variables were searched from different electronic database system like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. To predict the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia, all original studies were considered. All necessary data were extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. The data were analyzed by using STATA 14 statistical software. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by Cochrane Q and I2 tests. A random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. Results. Twelve full-text studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia was 43.63% (CI: 28.00, 59.25%). The women from the city administration had a high rate of compliance as compared with other regions of Ethiopia. The odds of having four or more antenatal care visit were the independent pooled predictor of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. Conclusion. Current compliance with iron-folic supplementation was lower than the World health organization recommendation. Mothers from the city administration who utilized the antenatal care four and above times, had high level compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. Therefore, we recommended that women should visit the antenatal clinic four times to compliance with the iron folic acid supplementation.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently “Healthy” Ghanaian Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ofori-Asenso ◽  
Akosua Adom Agyeman ◽  
Amos Laar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. We systematically reviewed the literature towards estimating the prevalence of MetS among apparently “healthy” Ghanaian adults. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Africa Journals Online, African Index Medicus, and Google scholar as well as the websites of the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health service through September 2016. Only studies conducted among apparently “healthy” (no established disease, e.g., diabetes and hypertension) adults aged ≥ 18 years were considered. Only studies that utilised the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP), World Health Organization (WHO), or International Diabetes Federation (IDF) classifications for MetS were included. Results. Data from nine studies involving 1,559 individuals were pooled. The prevalence of MetS based on NCEP-ATP, WHO, and IDF classifications was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.3–17.4%), 6.0% (95% CI = 1.4–13.1%), and 21.2% (95% CI = 12.4–30.9), respectively. Prevalence of MetS was higher among women than men. Conclusion. Among a population of adult Ghanaians deemed “healthy,” there is a high prevalence of MetS. Preventive measures are required to address the risk components of MetS such as obesity and hypertension which are rapidly rising in Ghana.

The study of Iranian children and adolescents’ physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alizadeh ◽  
Reza Negarandeh ◽  
Fahimehe Bagheri Amiri ◽  
Zahra Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Objectives This systematic and meta-analysis review was conducted to determine the status of Iranian children and adolescents’ physical activity. Content All the related articles which were published in the major databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Magiran, SID from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2019, were reviewed by researchers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of articles. Moreover, I 2 index and chi-square were used to assess the heterogeneity between the results. Summary 490 articles were found as a result of the search in the selected international and local databases, where finally, 10 articles were included into the meta-analysis after the elimination of the duplicated articles and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that 29.5% of the girls were considered active according to WHO criteria (16.1–42.8: 95% CI) and also 20.5% of the boys (7.3–33.7: 95% CI). Outlook Overall, this study’s findings showed that a large percentage of Iranian children and adolescents do not achieve the level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. This can lead to undesirable consequences for this group of population that is considered as the human capital of any country; consequently, it seems necessary to take basic measures at the micro and macro levels in order to reduce such problems in the society.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Protective Face Masks among Polish Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: Do We Pass the Exam?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Radomir Reszke ◽  
Łukasz Matusiak ◽  
Piotr K. Krajewski ◽  
Marta Szepietowska ◽  
Rafał Białynicki-Birula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
The Face ◽  
Health Organization

Relevant personal protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic include face masks, possibly decreasing the risk of infection among the general population and healthcare workers (HCW) if utilized properly. The aim of the study was to assess whether different Polish HCW utilize face masks according to the 2020 World Health Organization guidance (WHO) criteria. This cross-sectional study included 1156 respondents who participated in an internet survey evaluating mask-related behaviors. All the WHO criteria were complied with by 1.4% of participants, regardless of medical profession, specialty or place of employment. HCW mostly adhered to criterion 1 (C1; strict covering of the face and mouth with the mask; 90.8%), C4 (washing/disinfecting the hands after touching/taking off the mask; 49%) and C3 (taking off the mask properly without touching the anterior surface; 43.4%), whereas C2 (avoidance of touching the mask with hands) was complied with least commonly (6.8%). HCW with mask-induced itch (31.6%) complied to C2 less often (odds ratio 0.53; p = 0.01). The study reveals that Polish HCW rarely adhere to all the 2020 WHO guidance criteria on the use of masks, whereas the adherence to particular criteria is variable and may be associated with the presence of skin-related conditions and other factors. Better compliance with the recommendations in the future is necessary to increase personal safety of HCW and prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Impact of cardiovascular disease and risk factors on fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 according to age: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-317901
Author(s):  
SungA Bae ◽  
So Ree Kim ◽  
Mi-Na Kim ◽  
Wan Joo Shim ◽  
Seong-Mi Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivePrevious studies that evaluated cardiovascular risk factors considered age as a potential confounder. We aimed to investigate the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors on fatal outcomes according to age in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed on data collected from PubMed and Embase databases up to 11 June 2020. All observational studies (case series or cohort studies) that assessed in-hospital patients were included, except those involving the paediatric population. Prevalence rates of comorbid diseases and clinical outcomes were stratified by mean patient age in each study (ranges: <50 years, 50–60 years and ≥60 years). The primary outcome measure was a composite fatal outcome of severe COVID-19 or death.ResultsWe included 51 studies with a total of 48 317 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Overall, the relative risk of developing severe COVID-19 or death was significantly higher in patients with risk factors for CVD (hypertension: OR 2.50, 95% CI 2.15 to 2.90; diabetes: 2.25, 95% CI 1.89 to 2.69) and CVD (3.11, 95% 2.55 to 3.79). Younger patients had a lower prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and CVD compared with older patients; however, the relative risk of fatal outcomes was higher among the former.ConclusionsThe results of the meta-analysis suggest that CVD and its risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) were closely related to fatal outcomes in COVID-19 for patients across all ages. Although young patients had lower prevalence rates of cardiovascular comorbidities than elderly patients, relative risk of fatal outcome in young patients with hypertension, diabetes and CVD was higher than in elderly patients.Prospero registration numberCRD42020198152.

scholarly journals A living WHO guideline on drugs to prevent covid-19

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n526
Author(s):  
François Lamontagne ◽  
Thomas Agoritsas ◽  
Reed Siemieniuk ◽  
Bram Rochwerg ◽  
Jessica Bartoszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Drug Interventions

Abstract Clinical question What is the role of drugs in preventing covid-19? Why does this matter? There is widespread interest in whether drug interventions can be used for the prevention of covid-19, but there is uncertainty about which drugs, if any, are effective. The first version of this living guideline focuses on the evidence for hydroxychloroquine. Subsequent updates will cover other drugs being investigated for their role in the prevention of covid-19. Recommendation The guideline development panel made a strong recommendation against the use of hydroxychloroquine for individuals who do not have covid-19 (high certainty). How this guideline was created This living guideline is from the World Health Organization (WHO) and provides up to date covid-19 guidance to inform policy and practice worldwide. Magic Evidence Ecosystem Foundation (MAGIC) provided methodological support. A living systematic review with network analysis informed the recommendations. An international guideline development panel of content experts, clinicians, patients, an ethicist and methodologists produced recommendations following standards for trustworthy guideline development using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Understanding the new recommendation The linked systematic review and network meta-analysis (6 trials and 6059 participants) found that hydroxychloroquine had a small or no effect on mortality and admission to hospital (high certainty evidence). There was a small or no effect on laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (moderate certainty evidence) but probably increased adverse events leading to discontinuation (moderate certainty evidence). The panel judged that almost all people would not consider this drug worthwhile. In addition, the panel decided that contextual factors such as resources, feasibility, acceptability, and equity for countries and healthcare systems were unlikely to alter the recommendation. The panel considers that this drug is no longer a research priority and that resources should rather be oriented to evaluate other more promising drugs to prevent covid-19. Updates This is a living guideline. New recommendations will be published in this article and signposted by update notices to this guideline. Readers note This is the first version of the living guideline for drugs to prevent covid-19. It complements the WHO living guideline on drugs to treat covid-19. When citing this article, please consider adding the update number and date of access for clarity.

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