scholarly journals Cooperative Development: Sustainability Agricultural Planning Viewed Through Cooperative Equilibrium Management Theory in Togo, Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon T. Berge ◽  
Koudima Bokoumbo ◽  
Kuawo Assan Johnson ◽  
Jacob Afouda Yabi ◽  
Rosaine Nerice Yegbemey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
Mode Of Development

Cooperative economics looks at market failures as areas for development. The cooperative development process, however, requires member engagement or cohesion in the process according to the Cooperative Management Equilibrium Theory. This cohesion requires an awareness and understanding by the cooperative members of the market failure to develop the capacity to address the failure. This article looks at the effects of government agricultural programs on economic, environmental and social sustainability. The questions we ask is how does a focus on economic development push against social and environmental sustainability within the agricultural sector in Togo? Does member cohesion within a cooperative represent a form of Polanyian double movement through social and environmental cohesion? The current development models utilize what Sen refers to as an austere mode of development which forgoes social or environmental considering them luxuries. Does the focus of economic development build capacity only for economic performance within the Togo agricultural sector at the expense of social and environmental sustainability? Utilizing Deep Participatory Indicator Approach (DPIB) approach this paper examines the economic, environmental and social indicators within two prefectures in the Plateaux Region of Togo. Indicators were separated to show the differences between individual or cooperative producers. As cooperatives it was anticipated that a greater emphasis on social and environmental sustainability would be created through cohesive social action. This study found that the emphasis on economic development included in government programs built development capacity within cooperatives emphasizing their cooperative market cohesion.

scholarly journals Problems of Overcoming Market Failures in the Context of Economic Crisis in the Euro Area

2014 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
A. Y. Pluiko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Single Currency ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Money Circulation

The article analyses the manifestations of a market failure problem revealed during the economic crisis in the euro area, namely business cycles, market inability to ensure money circulation and avoid inflation. It is shown that the cyclicity of economic development has revealed in various degrees of economic contraction and different rates of its recovery. These differences have been exacerbated by the new procyclical factors emerged from the transition to a single currency. As for money circulation the crisis has almost no impact on the single currency functioning: the euro has maintained its position on the world market and properly performed money functions in the domestic. The goal to achieve economic development without inflation in the euro area generally has been solved successfully by the European Central Bank (ECB). However, due to the fact that the ECB in its monetary policy does not pay sufficient attention to the increased inflation in small and relatively poor countries, the crisis has been more acute in them than in large countries with low inflation. The goals of ensuring money circulation and avoiding inflation can be settled more effectively in the euro area in case of more tight coherence in economic policy and strengthening of supranational mechanisms of economic governance.

Discontinuous Institutional Alternatives in the Context of Economy Deregulation

2004 ◽  
pp. 94-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Transaction Management ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
State Participation

Various ways of state participation in the mechanisms of transaction management are considered in the article. Differences between compensation and elimination of the market failures are identified. Opportunities and risks of non-regulatory alternatives usage as a mean of market failure compensation are described. Based on classification of goods correlated to relative cost of their useful characteristics evaluation (search, experience, merit) questions of institutional alternatives in three areas (political, financial and commodity) are examined.

Human potential in the system of social and economic development: problems and prospects of Vinnytsia region

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Olesya Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.

Economic Structural Transformation in Emerging Market Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110046
Author(s):  
Kunling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Trade Structure ◽  
Emerging Market Countries

This article analyzes the structural transformation in 30 emerging market countries (E30) on the dimensions of industry, trade, and urbanization. It finds that first, in the agricultural sector, E30 have contributed greatly to the increase of the global agricultural productivity and the transfer of labor force from the agricultural sector to industry or the service sector. However, these countries still feature a high percentage of agricultural employment, which means there is vast room for shifting the agricultural labor force. Second, in the industrial sector, E30 have made remarkable contributions to the world’s industrial development but have also displayed a trend of premature “deindustrialization.” Third, the service sector has picked up speed and gradually turned into a new driver of economic development in E30. Against this backdrop, E30 face the major challenge of how to cope with the premature deindustrialization and smoothly shift the economic growth engine from the industrial sector to the service sector. Fourth, E30 have become an important force in the world trade, with their trade structure switching from simple, primary, low-value-added goods to sophisticated, high-grade, and high-value-added goods and services. However, some emerging market countries are more susceptible to the impacts of the anti-globalization trend because of their high reliance on foreign trade and improper trade structure. Therefore, how to diversify the economy and enhance its economic resilience holds the key to the sustainable economic development of E30. Fifth, E30 have contributed greatly to world urbanization. As urbanization relies more on the service sector than on the industrial sector, it is vital to properly strike a balance between industrialization and urbanization, and between industrialization and service sector development.

EXPERIENCE OF USING THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rita I. Batyaeva ◽  
◽  
Tat’yana G. Shelkunova ◽  
Irina Yu. Khetagurova ◽  
Tamara G. Khetagurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
National Environmental

The article provides an overview of the effects of the resonant impact of clusters on the ability of mountain areas to adapt to the modern realities of the technological level, as well as the ability to apply innovations, attract investment in the agro-industrial and tourist cluster. A panel of indicators is presented that provides correct comparability of achievements and reflects information for aggregation by various parameters of the economic and geographical indicators of the region: the national environmental rating of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District; indicators of sustainable development of the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District; investment risk of the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District; the main economic and social indicators of the RSO-Alania. It is established that the geoinformation study of the use of a multicomponent indicator of the state of mountain territories is the basis for determining the vector of their further socio-economic development and justifying appropriate management decisions to stabilize economic development. The peculiarity of the approach is the selection of criteria that will be used in the development of mechanisms for the sustainable development of mountain territories according to the target indicators, in accordance with the UN resolution "Transforming our world in the field of sustainable develop-ment for the period up to 2030".

scholarly journals Regional Disparities in Turkey: A Socio-Economic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Hacer Simay Karaalp-Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Localization Economies ◽  
Urbanization Economies ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Very High ◽  
East West

Economic development, for any country, is one of the most important objectives to be achieved. However, development cannot be realized in all regions and provinces of a county at the same time and speed. Turkey also struggles against a persistent economic development problem among regions in east-west and coast-inland for many years. This study aims to analyze the regional inequalities in Turkey under the scope of economic, demographic and social indicators from 2007 to the latest data. The results indicate that TR-10 Istanbul is the engine region of Turkey in terms of industrialization and development with the highest contribution (31%) based on service and industry sectors, to the gross value added. Other industrialized regions are the Aegean region where localization economies mainly dominated and the East Marmara and TR51-Ankara regions where urbanization economies operated in. Agricultural activities heavily concentrated in Aegean, Antalya, Konya and Şanlıurfa regions. In these regions, participation in the labour market is also very high. However, the highest income inequality and poverty is also found in TR10, TR62 and TR21 regions. The less developed region is the Southeast Anatolian region in terms of low income, education, health and high unemployment, young population and immigration rates. Keywords: Regional disparities, regional development, socio-economic indicators, Turkey

scholarly journals PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAN LINGKUNGAN BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS REFORMA AGRARIA DI BEBERAPA NEGARA DAN INDONESIA KEKINIAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Virtuous Setyaka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The World

This paper intends to discuss the theoretical discourse and practice of Agrarian Reform in various countries of the world. By exploring the concepts and theories of Agrarian Reform, Economic Development and Sustainable Environment and practices in various countries through literature studies, it is expected to contribute as an elaboration which may be important as a comparison in the implementation of sustainable development in Indonesia especially in the implementation of Agrarian Reform for economic welfare, Environmental sustainability, and minimization of social conflict of kekininian.

scholarly journals THE WAYS TO IMPROVE THE FUNCTIONING OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Stelmakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Legislative Framework

The research stipulates that the infrastructure is a certain system, and its task is to secure main conditions for the development of other subsystems and the system as a whole. Next, the paper analyzes the relationship between infrastructure and economic development by examining the legislative framework of its sectors and outlines the main problems of functioning and searching for ways to overcome them. The expected economic growth of the country includes quantitative changes in the economy, which are particularly expressed by changes in Gross Domestic Product and improvement of socio-economic life. On the other hand, economic development, which is sometimes called the socio-economic combination of quantitative and qualitative changes, can mostly be reduced to economic transformations and reforms of the sectors of infrastructure. The paper determines the problems of the sectors of infrastructure and the ways to overcome them and develops a range of recommendations. Examining the controlling and its use in the respective domains, in particular in forming of transport-logistics system deserves special attention. Nowadays, the sectors of Ukrainian infrastructure require reforming and improvement, namely selecting the appropriate sector that would bring them closer to the standards of the European Union. For instance, the paper offers the closed Internet survey among the managers and employees of enterprises in the agricultural sector of Lvivska oblast and detects weaknesses in the functioning of the sectors of infrastructure based on their results. The further research stipulates the detection of strengths and weaknesses of infrastructure, legislative framework, and results of conducted reforms, especially in terms of implementation of the 2030 National Transport Strategy Подальші (transport sector management efficiency, provision of qualitative transport services, securing of sustainable transport funding, improvement of security and reliability, improvement of urban mobility and regional integration).

scholarly journals THE NEED FOR STATE INTERVENTION IN THE ECONOMY AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR - ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Darina Stoyanova
Keyword(s):  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Made In

THE PURPOSE of the present research is to examine the main author's opinions regarding the state policy and its intervention in the economy and in particular in the agricultural sector, and on this basis to draw out, systematize and summarize the main directions and arguments for and against the intervention of the state in the economy. METHODS: Based on a literature review should be grouped the different opinions of the authors studied this problem. We should make a comparative analysis of the negative and positive aspects of state intervention on the economy and taking into account the specifics of the agricultural sector. RESULTS: As a result of the research are summarized and analyzed the main tendencies and opinions about the need for state intervention in the economy. CONCLUSIONS: From the analysis made in the study, there is no unambiguous vision in the economic literature regarding the need of state intervention in the economy and agricultural sector. Despite all the arguments that are drawn against the state support, the state through its policies and measures intervenes in the financial and credit markets. Factors have been put forward to support the need of state intervention to prevent market failures such as monopolization of production, imperfect competition and others. Highlighted are examples of highly developed countries where the mixed type of governance and adequate state intervention positively affect the economy.

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