Field Validation of the Effect of Soil Fumigation of Ethanedinitrile (EDN) on the Mortality of Meloidogyne hapla and Carrot Yield Parameters

With the increasing importance of soilborne plant pest nematodes and the relatively recent phase-out of methyl bromide as a key soil fumigant, there is an urgent need for new fumigants with good nematicidal properties. Ethanedinitrile (EDN) is a promising fumigant and preparation because of its physical, agrochemical, and nematicidal properties. However, its efficacy against nematode pests of different crops under field conditions has not been fully validated and understood. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of two concentrations of EDN on the survival of northern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogynehapla) and on carrot yield and quality under field conditions. The evaluation was performed using naturally infested carrot plots, and EDN application to the soil was followed by covering the treated area with film. A high biological effect was observed for both EDN concentrations tested, with even the lower dose (30 g·m−2) being sufficient for M. hapla suppression. Positive effects of EDN application—likely due to EDN partial conversion into biologically available nitrogen in soil—on carrot root weight, in comparison with the untreated control, were also observed.

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Effect of Micronutrients on Pepper (Capsicum annum) Grown in Peat Soil under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700007195 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 129-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Navrot ◽

I. Levin

Keyword(s):

Peat Soil ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Red Pepper ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Capsicum Annum ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Copper Zinc

SUMMARYA study was made of the effect of micronutrients such as boron, copper, zinc, manganese and iron, applied as foliar spray or directly to peat soil, on growth and yields of pepper under greenhouse and field conditions. Combinations of micronutrients were applied in two forms, as salts or as chelates. Results showed positive effects on yield and quality of red pepper, and soil chemical tests substantiated the results.

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Extending the Coverage of the Trust–Acceptability Model: The Negative Effect of Trust in Government on Nuclear Power Acceptance in South Korea under a Nuclear Phase-Out Policy

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3343

Author(s):

Seungkook Roh ◽

Hae-Gyung Geong

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Public Acceptance ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Trust In Government ◽

The Public ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Nuclear Phase ◽

Phase Out

This article extends the coverage of the trust–acceptability model to a new situation of nuclear phase-out by investigating the effect of trust on the public acceptance of nuclear power, with South Korea as the research setting. Through the structural equation modeling of a nationwide survey dataset from South Korea, we examined the effects of the public’s trust in the various actors related to nuclear power on their perceptions of the benefits and risks of nuclear power and their acceptance of nuclear power. Contrary to previous studies’ findings, in South Korea, under a nuclear phase-out policy by the government, trust in government revealed a negative impact on the public acceptance of nuclear power. Trust in environmental non-governmental groups also showed a negative effect on nuclear power acceptance. In contrast, trust in nuclear energy authority and trust in nuclear academia both had positive effects. In all cases, the effect of a trust variable on nuclear power acceptance was at least partially accounted for by the trust’s indirect effects through benefit perception and risk perception. These findings strengthen the external validity of the trust–acceptability model and provide implications for both researchers and practitioners.

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Effects of Different Priming Treatments on Seed Germination Properties, Yield Components and Grain Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4319832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Faruk TOKLU

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Yield Component ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Positive Effects

An experiment was conducted under laboratory and field conditions in order to evaluate the effects of different priming treatments, specifically KNO3 (1%), KCl (2%), KH2PO4 (1%), ZnSO4 (0.05%), PEG-6000 (20%), IBA (100 ppm), Mannitol (4%), GA3 (100 ppm) and distilled water, on seed germination properties and several agro-morphological plant characteristics of red lentil. Seeds not primed were used as a control. GA3 treatment increased shoot length. The control (non-primed seeds) treatment resulted in increased seedling root number and length. Distilled water, ZnSO4 and control treatments increased germination rate and percentage. In the pot experiments, GA3 treatment increased plant height and seedling emergence rate, whereas KCl treatment improved the number of nodules, as well as root and shoot dry weight when compared to the control. ZnSO4 treatment increased yield components and grain yield in field conditions. The results of this study showed that ZnSO4, GA3 and PEG-6000 seed priming treatments may be useful tools due to their positive effects on germination rate, germination percentage, yield component and grain yield of lentil.

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Saflufenacil Carryover Injury Varies among Rotational Crops

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00080.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Darren E. Robinson ◽

Kristen E. McNaughton

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sugar Beet Plant ◽

Root Weight ◽

Carrot Root ◽

Field Corn ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Weight Yield

Trials were established in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in Ontario, Canada, to determine the effect of soil residues of saflufenacil on growth, yield, and quality of eight rotational crops planted 1 yr after application. In the year of establishment, saflufenacil was applied PRE to field corn at rates of 75, 100, and 200 g ai ha−1. Cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pea, pepper, potato, and sugar beet were planted 1 yr later, maintained weed-free, and plant dry weight, yield, and quality measures of interest to processors for each crop were determined. Reductions in dry weight and yield of all grades of cucumber were determined at both the 100 and 200 g ha−1rates of saflufenacil. Plant dry weight, bulb number, and size and yield of onion were also reduced by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Sugar beet plant dry weight and yield, but not sucrose content, were decreased by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Cabbage plant dry weight, head size, and yield; carrot root weight and yield; and pepper dry weight, fruit number and size, and yield were only reduced in those treatments in which twice the field corn rate had been applied to simulate the effect of spray overlap in the previous year. Pea and potato were not negatively impacted by applications of saflufenacil in the year prior to planting. It is recommended that cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pepper, and sugar beet not be planted the year after saflufenacil application at rates up to 200 g ha−1. Pea and potato can be safely planted the year following application of saflufenacil up to rates of 200 g ha−1.

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Mitigating the adverse effects of deficit fertigation on strawberry yield, quality and phytochemical compounds by salicylic acid and putrescine treatments

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-200541 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Asghari ◽

Feridoun Ahmadi ◽

Ramin Hajitagilou

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Production Systems ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Phytochemical Compounds

BACKGROUND: For global water shortage concerns and high cost of mineral nutrients it is necessary to decrease the amount of nutrient solutions in greenhouse production systems. Deficit fertigation may negatively affect the crop productivity and phytohormones can mitigate the adverse effects of stresses. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of deficit fertigation in combination with salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (PUT) on strawberry fruit yield and quality. METHODS: Strawberry plants were fertilized with a complete nutrient solution of 220 (control), 180 (mild deficit fertigation) and/or 140 mL/dD (severe deficit fertigation), and treated with PUT (at 0 and 2 mM) and/or SA (at 0 and 2 mM) and the combinations of these treatments during growth stages. Fruit growth, quality parameters, yield and phytochemical compounds were evaluated at harvest. RESULTS: Mild deficit fertigation (MDF) (140 mL/d) significantly enhanced the yield and quality of the fruit, and both PUT and SA, enhanced the positive effects of MDF on crop productivity. SA and PUT decreased the negative effects of DF on crop yield and fruit growth. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that it is possible to substantially enhance the quality and productivity of strawberries with a MDF regime, and PUT and SA treatments.

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Entomopathogenic fungi decrease Rhizoctonia disease in potato in field conditions

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9895 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9895

Author(s):

Oksana G. Tomilova ◽

Elena M. Shaldyaeva ◽

Natalia A. Kryukova ◽

Yulia V. Pilipova ◽

Natalia S. Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Metarhizium Robertsii ◽

New Crops ◽

Time Treatment ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Rhizoctonia Disease ◽

Tuber Crop

Rhizoctonia potato disease is widespread in the world and causes substantial yield and quality losses in potato. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana in the inhibition of potato Rhizoctonia complex disease. The efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi M. robertsii and B. bassiana in the defense of potato against Rhizoctonia disease (stem cancer, black scrulf and other forms of manifestation on tubers) was estimated under field conditions in Western Siberia. Preplanting treatment of the tubers with B. bassiana decreased Rhizoctonia disease in the stems and stolons. At the same time, treatment with M. robertsii did not cause a decrease in Rhizoctonia disease in these organs. However, both fungi decreased the sclerotium index on the tubers of new crops. We demonstrated two mechanisms of inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani by M. robertsii and B. bassiana, including (1) direct effect, expressed as inhibition of R. solani sclerotium formation in cocultivation assays, and (2) indirect effect, which is associated with increased peroxidase activity in potato roots under the influence of colonization by entomopathogenic fungi. We suggest that the treatment of seed tubers with B. basiana can effectively manage Rhizoctonia disease during the plant vegetative season and that both fungi significantly improve the quality of the new tuber crop.

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Effects of grafting on some phytochemical traits and elemental composition in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2021.6.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 117-119

Author(s):

Yusuf Savsatli ◽

Arzu Karatas

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Elemental Content ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Extract Yield ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Micro Elements ◽

Positive Effect

Grafting method in vegetables has been used in common due to positive effects in agriculture. In this context, it is focused that the studies aimed at increasing yield and quality through grafting. This research was carried out to determine the effects of grafting bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) onto pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Effects of grafting on extract yield, dry matter ratio, ash, and macro and micro elemental content of the fruits and leaves of bitter gourd were determined in greenhouse conditions. Grafting significantly increased the dry matter ratio and extract yield in the bitter gourd fruits and the ash content in young, mature and old leaves. In the fruits, a positive correlation (R = 0.9264) was found only between extract yield and dry matter ratio. The main important effect of grafting in terms of macro and micro elements appeared on the fruits of bitter gourd. The accumulation of Ca2+ in the leaves increased during maturation. The positive effect of grafting in terms of Ca2+ increase in fruits was higher in unripe fruits compared to ripe fruits. In addition to obtaining more extracts from the fruits bitter gourd, the enrichment of its fruits in terms of Ca2+ and K+ and its leaves in terms of Ca2+ increases the importance of these parts in terms of human nutrition.

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Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Soil pH Effects on Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) Growth, Root Yield, and Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.673d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 673d-673

Author(s):

Jeanine M. Davis

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Ph Effects ◽

Root Weight ◽

Root Yield ◽

Hydrastis Canadensis ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Lath Structure ◽

N Rates ◽

Fibrous Roots ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Goldenseal was grown in pots of forest soil under a wood-lath structure for 3 years. Soil treatments consisted of four pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5) and four rates of P and N (P or N at 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 kg·m–3 of soil) arranged as a RCB factorial with eight replications. Final root weights were highest with pH 5.5 and 6.5. Although response to N and P rates varied from year to year, final root weights showed no response to P and decreased with increasing N. Increase in fresh weight from initial weight of the planting stock to final total root weight ranged from 5.7× (pH 4.5, P at 0 kg·m–3, and N at 0.3 kg·m–3 treatment) to 28.5× (pH 5.5, P at 0.2 kg·m–3, and 0 N treatment). Flowering, fruit set, plant height, leaf number, and fibrous roots: rhizome ratio were highest at pH 5.5 and 6.5 and not influenced by P or N rates. Preliminary analysis suggest that root alkaloid content was also affected by soil pH.

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Seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines affected by seed treatment with pesticides

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1603227t ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 227-235

Author(s):

Gordana Tamindzic ◽

Zorica Nikolic ◽

Jasna Savic ◽

Dragana Milosevic ◽

Gordana Petrovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Inbred Line ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Maize Inbred Line ◽

Root Weight ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Untreated Seed ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

Seed treatment is a common way of fungicide and insecticide use nowadays, since this way of pesticide application can provide the best protection in the vicinity of the future plant. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of different seed treatments on germination and seedling growth in three maize inbred lines. The research included the seed treatment with several combinations of a fungicide Maxim XL 035-FS (a.i. metalaxil-M + fludioxonil) and neonicotinoid insecticides Gaucho 600-FS (a.i. imidacloprid) and Cruiser 350-FS (a.i. thiamethoxam), as well as untreated seed (control). The results indicated that inbred lines 21202 x 21101 NS and 317659 NS had a highly vigourous seed which was not affected by the seed treatments. The seed treatments with Maxim XL 035- FS+Gaucho 600-FS and Maxim XL 035-FS+Cruiser 350-FS led to a decrease in germination (90.25% and 89.50%, respectively) of maize inbred line 306081 NS as well as a decrease in root length (126.75 mm and 125.25 mm, respectively) and dry root weight (0.135 g and 0.1875 g, respectively) of maize inbred line 21202 x 21101 NS. All seed treatments had positive effects on root growth, as well as on fresh root weight of maize inbred lines 306081 NS and 317659 NS.

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