scholarly journals The Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation and Heat Stress on Carcass Characteristics, Muscle Nutritional Profile and Functionality of Lamb Meat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Surinder S. Chauhan ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Tim E. Plozza ◽  
David L. Hopkins ◽  
Eric N. Ponnampalam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

The impact of antioxidant supplementation and short-term heat stress on lamb body weight gain, meat nutritional profile and functionality (storage stability of lipids and colour) of lamb meat was investigated. A total of 48 crossbred ((Merino × Border Leicester) × Dorset) lambs (42 ± 2 kg body weight, 7 mo age) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments (n = 16) by liveweight (LW) that differed in dosage of vitamin E and selenium (Se) in the diet. Vitamin E and Se levels in the control (CON), moderate (MOD) and supranutritional (SUP) dietary treatments were 28, 130 and 228 mg/kg DM as α-tocopherol acetate and 0.16, 0.66 and 1.16 mg Se as SelPlex™/kg DM, respectively. After four weeks of feeding in individual pens, including one week of adaptation, lambs were exposed to two heat treatments. Animals were moved to metabolism cages for one week and subjected to heat treatments: thermoneutral (TN; 18–21 °C and 40–50% relative humidity) and heat stress (HS; 28–40 °C and 30–40% relative humidity) conditions, respectively. Final LW and hot carcass weight were influenced by dietary treatments with higher final live weight (FLW) (p = 0.05; 46.8 vs. 44.4 and 43.8 kg, respectively) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (p = 0.01; 22.5 vs. 21.3 and 21.0 kg, respectively) recorded in lambs fed the SUP as opposed to the CON and MOD diets. Vitamin E concentration in the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle tended to be higher in lambs fed MOD or SUP diets than the CON group. Lipid oxidation of aged meat at 72 h of simulated retail display was reduced by antioxidant supplementation. Short-term (one week) heat stress treatment significantly increased muscle linoleic acid and total omega-6 concentrations compared with the CON group. The results demonstrate that four-week antioxidant supplementation at the SUP level improved animal productivity by increasing LW and carcass weight and the functionality of meat exhibited by reduced lipid oxidation. An increase in muscle omega-6 fatty acid concentration from short-term heat stress may induce oxidative stress via proinflammatory action.

Contributions of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 administration on the recovery of gut microbiota after short-term ceftriaxone exposure in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-509
Author(s):  
R. Cheng ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
Z. Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 concurrent with antibiotic treatment and/or during the recovery phase after antibiotic treatment on the body weight, faecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and splenic cytokine mRNA expression of mice. Orally administrated ceftriaxone quantitatively and significantly decreased body weight, faecal total bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and faecal SCFAs concentration. Ceftriaxone treatment also dramatically altered the faecal microbiota with an increased Chao1 index, decreased species diversities and Bacteroidetes, and more Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. After ceftriaxone intervention, these changes all gradually started to recover. However, faecal microbiota diversities were still totally different from control by significantly increased α- and β-diversities. Bacteroidetes all flourished and became dominant during the recovery process. However, mice treated with PC170 both in parallel with and after ceftriaxone treatment encouraged more Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, and the diversity by which to make faecal microbiota was very much closer to control. Furthermore, the expression of splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA in mice supplemented with PC170 during the recovery phase was significantly lower than natural recovery. These results indicated that antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, even with short-term intervention, could dramatically damage the structure of gut microbiota and their abilities to produce SCFAs with loss of body weight. Although such damages could be partly recovered with the cessation of antibiotics, the implication of antibiotics to gut microbiota might remain even after antibiotic treatment. The selected strain PC170 might be a potential probiotic because of its contributions in helping the host animal to remodel or stabilise its gut microbiome and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response as protection from the side effects of antibiotic therapy when it was administered in parallel with and after antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals The Influence of Microclimatic Ammonia Changes in Closed House on Broiler’s Performance in Dry Season

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ica Putri Angkeke ◽  
Teysar Adi Sarjana ◽  
Edjeng Suprijatna
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Heat Stress Index ◽  
The Impact

This research aims at investigating the impact of microclimatic ammonia change on Broiler’s  performance in closed house during dry season. Seven hundred and twenty broiler’s with their initial weight of 49.29 ± 1.13 grams are kept in a 60 x 12 m2 cage.The research consists of 4 treatments and 6 experiment units. The microclimatic ammonia change is measured at a distance of 0, ¼, ½, and ¾ of closed house’s length from the inlet. The parameters observed are feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed convertion ratio (FCR), performance index (PI) and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). The obtained data are subjected to analysis of variance and several data related to microclimatic ammonia and heat stress index (HSI) are also calculted for their correlation to find out their correlation with the broiler’s’s performance. The research results indicate that the microclimatic ammonia change significantly reduces Broiler’s performance. This is shown by the significant increase of FCR value, decrease of feed consumption, BWG, PI and IOFC (P≤0.05) starting from a distance of ¼ of cage length from the inlet. The correlation analysis result shows a negative, significant correlation between performance with ammonia, while HSI does not show any correlation with the observed parameters. The conclusion of this research is that the increase in microclimatic ammonia at increasingly further distance from the inlet decreases Broiler’s  performance in dry season.

62 Growth Performance and Mineral Status of 6 Kg Piglets Fed Reduced Levels of Dietary Calcium

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Laura A Merriman ◽  
Craig Wyatt ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy ◽  
Xaviere Rousseau ◽  
Dan Bussières
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Imbalances between calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) impair growth performance and bone mineralization. However, reducing dietary limestone may change the buffering capacity of feed in early nursery piglets, which may help prevent post-weaning diarrhea. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of reducing Ca post weaning compared to recommendations outlined by NRC (2012) or a low P diet. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) Low Ca (LCa; Phase 1, 0.51% Ca and 0.47% STTD P), 2) NRC recommendations (NRC; Phase 1, 0.85% Ca and 0.42% STTD P), and 3) a recommendation lower in phosphorus (LP; Phase 1, 0.65% Ca and 0.36% STTD P). Each diet was fed over 4 phases. Piglets (n = 953; 276/275 Fast X PIC 800 genetics) were blocked by room, sex, and initial BW (6 kg). Feed intake and pig weights were recorded weekly. At 12 d and 41 d, blood was collected and Dual-X ray (DXA) measurements were taken using 8 piglets per treatment. Fecal scores were evaluated during wk 4 and 5. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). There were no differences observed in mortality, overall growth performance, plasma Ca and P, and scour scores at either time point. At 12 d, the bone mineral content was reduced (P = 0.001) in LP pigs compared to LCa and NRC. At 41 d, bone mineral content was reduced in NRC in comparison to LCa while LP was intermediate (P = 0.001). Plasma parameters showed an increased magnesium (Mg) and Ca:Mg in LCa (P < 0.01) that can be related to bone resorption to face Ca hypocalcemia. Pigs were healthy with no enteric challenges, limiting the ability to observe a benefit in fecal scores. In conclusion, piglets can maintain growth and bone mineralization through a short-term limestone removal program.

scholarly journals Effect of intermittent versus continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Maroofi ◽  
Javad Nasrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) is a novel method of dietary restriction for body weight control with the potential to improve obesity-related cardiometabolic markers, but the impact of this diet on subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unknown. Methods Eighty-eight subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate HTG were randomized to the continuous calorie restriction (CCR) group, or ICR group (a very low-calorie diet during 3 days of the week) for 8 weeks (44 patients in each group). Body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results The body weight decreased in both groups (4.07 ± 1.83 kg in the CCR group and 4.57 ± 2.21 kg in the ICR group) with no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduced amount of fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides after 8 weeks (by 15.6 and 6.3% in ICR and CCR groups, respectively) with no difference between treatment groups. HOMA-IR improved significantly in ICR compared to the CCR group (P = 0.03). Plasma glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzyme, and adiponectin were not different between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this short-term study suggest that three-days a week of the ICR is comparable to a CCR diet for the reduction of triglycerides level in patients with HTG and in the short-term it appears to be more effective than continuous dieting in improving insulin resistance. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration Trial registration number:NCT04143971.

scholarly journals A Glyoxalase-1 Knockdown Does Not Have Major Short Term Effects on Energy Expenditure and Atherosclerosis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Wortmann ◽  
Maani Hakimi ◽  
Thomas Fleming ◽  
Andreas S. Peters ◽  
Tjeerd P. Sijmonsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glyoxalase 1 ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Effects

Objective. Glyoxalase-1 is an enzyme detoxifying methylglyoxal (MG). MG is a potent precursor of advanced glycation endproducts which are regarded to be a key player in micro- and macrovascular damage. Yet, the role of Glo1 in atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Glo1 on mouse metabolism and atherosclerosis is evaluated.Methods. Glo1 knockdown mice were fed a high fat or a standard diet for 10 weeks. Body weight and composition were investigated by Echo MRI. The PhenoMaster system was used to measure the energy expenditure. To evaluate the impact of Glo1 on atherosclerosis, Glo1KDmice were crossed with ApoE-knockout mice and fed a high fat diet for 14 weeks.Results. Glo1 activity was significantly reduced in heart, liver, and kidney lysates derived from Glo1KDmice. Yet, there was no increase in methylglyoxal-derived AGEs in all organs analyzed. The Glo1 knockdown did not affect body weight or body composition. Metabolic studies via indirect calorimetry did not show significant effects on energy expenditure. Glo1KDmice crossed to ApoE−/−mice did not show enhanced formation of atherosclerosis.Conclusion. A Glo1 knockdown does not have major short term effects on the energy expenditure or the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

scholarly journals (-)-Epicatechin Mitigates High Fat Diet-induced Inflammation in the Hippocampus and Altered Recognition Memory in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 411-411
Author(s):  
Jiye Kang ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Patricia Oteiza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Objectives This project investigated the capacity of dietary (-)-epicatechin (EC) to mitigate hippocampal inflammation and impaired memory in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Methods Healthy 6 weeks old male C57BL/6J mice (10 mice/group) were fed for 13 weeks either: a control diet (10% total calories from fat), a high fat diet (60% total calories from lard fat), or the control and high fat diets supplemented with 20 mg EC/kg body weight. Between weeks 10 and 12 of the dietary intervention, object recognition memory was evaluated by the novel object recognition task and short-term spatial memory by the object location memory task, and the Morris Water Maze. After 13 weeks on the dietary treatments, mice were euthanized, and brain tissues and blood were collected. Hippocampus was isolated, flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C. Metabolic endotoxemia was assessed by measuring plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Gene expressions related to inflammation (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), activation of microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1)), and oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)) were analyzed in the hippocampus with RT-qPCR. Results After 13 weeks on the dietary treatments, HFD-fed mice developed obesity, endotoxemia, and showed increased parameters of hippocampal inflammation, i.e., high mRNA levels of TLR4, Iba-1, and NOX4. While not affecting body weight gain, EC supplementation prevented all other HFD-induced changes. Impaired recognition memory was observed in HFD-fed mice, which was prevented by EC supplementation. Neither HFD consumption nor EC supplementation affected mouse spatial memory. Conclusions EC supplementation prevented short-term recognition memory in HFD-induced obese mice, which could be in part due to the capacity of EC to mitigate metabolic endotoxemia and associated hippocampal inflammation and oxidative stress. Funding Sources HA Jastro Shields Award.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Short-Term Cooling and Vitamin E for Alleviation of Infertility Induced by Heat Stress in Dairy Cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 3601-3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Ealy ◽  
Carlos F. Aréchiga ◽  
David R. Bray ◽  
Carlos A. Risco ◽  
Peter J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Lipid Oxidation and Colour Stability of Lamb and Yearling Meat (Muscle longissimus lumborum) from Sheep Supplemented with Camelina-Based Diets after Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Storage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Eric N. Ponnampalam ◽  
Kym L. Butler ◽  
Stephanie K. Muir ◽  
Tim E. Plozza ◽  
Matthew G. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of feeding pelleted diets containing camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) hay (CAHP) or camelina meal (CAMP) as a supplement compared with a control pellet (CONP) diet, without vitamin E fortification. The fatty acid profile, retail colour, and lipid oxidative stability of lamb and yearling meat (m. longissimus lumborum) stored for short-, medium-, or long-periods (2 days (fresh), 45 days and 90 days) under chilled to semi-frozen conditions were determined. The CAMP diet altered key fatty acids (p < 0.05) in a nutritionally beneficial manner for human health compared to the other diets, with increased total omega-3, decreased omega-6 fatty acids and decreased omega-6/omega-3 ratio of muscle. Muscle vitamin E concentration was lower (p < 0.05) for both camelina diets (CAMP and CAHP) when compared with the CONP diet, with the average concentrations less than 1 mg/kg muscle for all three treatments. Animal type and storage length were factors that all affected (p < 0.05) colour and lipid oxidative stability of meat. These results emphasise the importance of vitamin E concentration in meat stored for extended periods under semi-frozen conditions to maintain desirable meat colour during retail display, and to avoid off-flavour development of the cooked meat.

scholarly journals Physiological Response to Short-Term Heat Stress in the Leaves of Traditional and Modern Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Marija Viljevac Vuletić ◽  
Ines Mihaljević ◽  
Vesna Tomaš ◽  
Daniela Horvat ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence Transients ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological responses to short-term heat stress in the leaves of traditional (Bistrica) and modern (Toptaste) plum cultivars. In this study, detached plum leaves were incubated at 25 °C (control) and 40 °C (stress). After 1 h of exposure to heat (40 °C), chlorophyll a fluorescence transients were measured, and several biochemical parameters were analyzed. Elevated temperature caused heat stress in both plum cultivars, seen as a decrease in water content (WT), but in the leaves of the cultivar Bistrica, an accumulation of proline and phenols, as well as an accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, suggest the activation of a significant response to unfavorable conditions. Conversely, in the leaves of Toptaste, a significant accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and an activation of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), all together with a decreased soluble proteins content, indicate an inadequate response to maintaining homeostasis in the leaf metabolism. The impact of an elevated temperature on photosynthesis was significant in both plum cultivars as reflected in the decrease in performance indexes (PIABS and PItotal) and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), with significantly pronounced changes found in Toptaste. Unlike the traditional plum cultivar, Bistrica, in the modern cultivar, Toptaste, short-term heat stress increased the minimal fluorescence (F0) and absorption (ABS/RC), as well as Chl b in total chlorophylls. Additionally, the inactivation of RCs (RC/ABS) suggests that excitation energy was not trapped efficiently in the electron chain transport, which resulted in stronger dissipation (DI0/RC) and the formation of ROSs. Considering all presented results, it can be presumed that the traditional cultivar Bistrica has better tolerance to heat stress than the modern cultivar Toptaste. The cultivar, Bistrica, can be used as a basis in further plum breeding programs, as a source of tolerance for high temperature stress.

PSXVI-19 Posture behavior and truck microclimate in a very long journey of unweaned dairy beef calves: A field study

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Xenia Moles ◽  
Anna Sole ◽  
Marianne Farish ◽  
Mark Brims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Standing Time ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Post ◽  
Head Level

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize posture behavior and truck microclimate of 2 to 8-week-old unweaned calves (59.1 ± 6.72 kg body weight) during 10 transports between December and September (one/month) from an assembly center in Dalry, Scotland to Northern Spain via a control post in Northern Ireland and an assembly center in France (Cherbourg). Average journey time was 105.8 h. A subset of 20 calves per transport were fitted with collars carrying a HOBO environmental logger (HOBO U12) to record the temperature and humidity at calf’ head level and an accelerometer (Axivity AX3) to record accelerations to assess the calf posture (resting, standing or in transition). Data were analyzed with JMP. During the transport, 60% of the time animals were standing, 28% of the time lying and 12% transitioning. Specifically, when the truck was in motion calves spent 82.8% of the time standing, when stationary 68.8% standing, when the truck was on the ferry standing time was 48.4% and at the control post and assembly center standing time was 45.1%.Transports from June to September (n = 4) had an average of 11.96 h (min: 5.17 h; max: 18.8 h) of temperatures greater than 30°C, an average of 25 h (min: 0 h; max: 55 h) of mild heat conditions (72 &lt; THI &lt; 79), and an average of 3.5 h (min: 0 h; max: 23 h) of moderate heat conditions (80 &lt; THI &lt; 89). The exposure to mild and moderate heat conditions occurred mainly during the time that the truck was stationary (waiting at ports) and when calves rested at the control post. Results from this study supports the need to evaluate the impact summer months journeys where animals spend over 30% of the time under heat stress, and the long-standing times on animal welfare.

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