Physiological Response to Short-Term Heat Stress in the Leaves of Traditional and Modern Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars

The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological responses to short-term heat stress in the leaves of traditional (Bistrica) and modern (Toptaste) plum cultivars. In this study, detached plum leaves were incubated at 25 °C (control) and 40 °C (stress). After 1 h of exposure to heat (40 °C), chlorophyll a fluorescence transients were measured, and several biochemical parameters were analyzed. Elevated temperature caused heat stress in both plum cultivars, seen as a decrease in water content (WT), but in the leaves of the cultivar Bistrica, an accumulation of proline and phenols, as well as an accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, suggest the activation of a significant response to unfavorable conditions. Conversely, in the leaves of Toptaste, a significant accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and an activation of guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), all together with a decreased soluble proteins content, indicate an inadequate response to maintaining homeostasis in the leaf metabolism. The impact of an elevated temperature on photosynthesis was significant in both plum cultivars as reflected in the decrease in performance indexes (PIABS and PItotal) and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), with significantly pronounced changes found in Toptaste. Unlike the traditional plum cultivar, Bistrica, in the modern cultivar, Toptaste, short-term heat stress increased the minimal fluorescence (F0) and absorption (ABS/RC), as well as Chl b in total chlorophylls. Additionally, the inactivation of RCs (RC/ABS) suggests that excitation energy was not trapped efficiently in the electron chain transport, which resulted in stronger dissipation (DI0/RC) and the formation of ROSs. Considering all presented results, it can be presumed that the traditional cultivar Bistrica has better tolerance to heat stress than the modern cultivar Toptaste. The cultivar, Bistrica, can be used as a basis in further plum breeding programs, as a source of tolerance for high temperature stress.

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Heat Sensing and Lipid Reprograming as a Signaling Switch for Heat Stress Responses in Wheat

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcaa072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1399-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mostafa Abdelrahman ◽

Takayoshi Ishii ◽

Magdi El-Sayed ◽

Lam-Son Phan Tran

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Plant Species ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Calcium Influx ◽

Global Climate ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

The Impact

Abstract Temperature is an essential physical factor that affects the plant life cycle. Almost all plant species have evolved a robust signal transduction system that enables them to sense changes in the surrounding temperature, relay this message and accordingly adjust their metabolism and cellular functions to avoid heat stress-related damage. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), being a cool-season crop, is very sensitive to heat stress. Any increase in the ambient temperature, especially at the reproductive and grain-filling stages, can cause a drastic loss in wheat yield. Heat stress causes lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress, resulting in the damage of thylakoid membranes and the disruption of their function, which ultimately decreases photosynthesis and crop yield. The cell membrane/plasma membrane plays prominent roles as an interface system that perceives and translates the changes in environmental signals into intracellular responses. Thus, membrane lipid composition is a critical factor in heat stress tolerance or susceptibility in wheat. In this review, we elucidate the possible involvement of calcium influx as an early heat stress-responsive mechanism in wheat plants. In addition, the physiological implications underlying the changes in lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress in wheat and other plant species will be discussed. In-depth knowledge about wheat lipid reprograming can help develop heat-tolerant wheat varieties and provide approaches to solve the impact of global climate change.

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Shape stability of chosen thin wood based panels after heating

Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7742 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

MACIEJ SYDOR ◽

Bartosz Pałubicki

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Thin Plate ◽

Dimensional Stability ◽

Power Supplies ◽

Short Term ◽

Shape Stability ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

The Impact

Shape stability of chosen thin wood based panels after heating. Lignocellulose board materials are commonly used for furniture construction. Typically, these are particle boards, fibreboard or plywood with thicknesses from 10 to 20 mm, however, some furniture elements are made of thin boards with a thickness of 3-4 mm (back walls, bottoms of drawers and others). Modern furniture uses built-in components that are a source of heat, such as lamps, power supplies, ovens. Local high temperature may negatively affect the shape stability of thin lignocellulose plates. The aim of the research described in this article was to determine the impact of shortterm exposure to high temperature on the dimensional stability of selected thin plate furniture materials. Four different HDF boards with nominal thicknesses of 3 mm and four different plywood boards with nominal thicknesses of 2 to 4 mm were tested. The test samples were subjected to a short-term exposure to temperatures of up to 250°C. As a result of the tests, it was found that HDF boards are characterized by a much higher shape stability at elevated temperature than boards made of plywood.

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Assessment of Changes in Microstructure and Hardness of Bearing Steel for Operation at a High Temperature Caused by Short-Term Overheating

Journal of Konbin ◽

10.2478/jok-2020-0076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 89-110

Author(s):

Krzysztof Łęczycki ◽

Sebastian Gronek

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Short Term ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Bearing Ring ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe paper presented research results of the impact of short-term overheating of samples collected from the outer bearing ring suitable for the operation at elevated temperature installed in the turbine engine on the microstructure and hardness of the material. The samples were annealed at the following temperatures: 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000°C; and then cooled in still air. Microstructure examinations were conducted under metallographic microscope and transmission electron microscope.

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195 HEAT STRESS ALTERS THE TRANSCRIPTOME OF MATURING BOVINE OOCYTES

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv28n2ab195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

L. A. Rispoli ◽

R. R. Payton ◽

C. Gondro ◽

A. M. Saxton ◽

J. L. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

De Novo ◽

Bovine Genome ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Developmental Competence ◽

The Impact ◽

Bovine Oocytes

Direct exposure of maturing oocytes to a physiologically relevant elevated temperature reduces embryo development after fertilisation and has been coincident with reduced de novo protein synthesis. Mechanisms responsible for heat-induced reductions in protein synthesis are unknown but may be related to alterations in the transcriptome of the maturing oocyte. To determine the extent to which this may occur, the impact of heat stress on the maternal pool of RNA in bovine oocytes was assessed using microarrays. After maturation for 24 h at 38.5°C (control) or 41°C (first 12 h only, 38.5°C thereafter; heat stress) oocytes were denuded from associated cumulus cells and lysed for RNA extraction or underwent IVF to assess developmental competence. Total RNA from oocytes was amplified by 3′-poly(A) priming or a combination of 3′-poly(A) and internal priming because oocyte transcripts may or may not have a polyadenylated tail. Amplified RNA was hybridised to GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA; 8 oocyte pools per treatment were collected on 7 different occasions and amplified by 2 methods; n = 32 chips). Differential transcript abundance was determined using R and Bioconductor with only probes having a P < 0.01, a fold change of at least 1.3, and called present for at least half the arrays. Functional annotation of selected transcripts was performed using Gene Ontology and KEGG annotations (Bos taurus build 4.0) and DAVID (v 6.7) with significance level set at P < 0.10. Coincident with reduced blastocyst development (28.3 v. 15.2% for control v. heat stress, respectively; SEM = 3.6; P < 0.0003), heat stress altered the abundance of 159 transcripts (22 increased, 137 decreased); 130 of these were annotated. Use of DAVID demonstrated enrichment of genes important for mitochondrial function and RNA processing. Towards validating certain findings, the relative abundance of 3 mitochondrial transcripts (NDUFC2, COQ3, ATP5O) were assessed by quantitative PCR on non-amplified RNA from the oocyte samples used for the microarray study. Gene-specific primers were designed for 5′ and 3′ ends of transcripts when possible. Exposure to elevated temperature during the first 12 h of oocyte maturation reduced transcript levels of NDUFC2 at the 5′ and 3′ ends (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003), COQ3 at the 3′ end (P = 0.02) and ATP5O at the 5′ end (P = 0.02). In conclusion, exposure of maturing cumulus-oocyte complexes to a physiologically-relevant elevated temperature altered the transcriptome in oocytes, especially certain transcripts important for mitochondrial function. This research was supported in part by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project No. 227701, the state of Tennessee through University of Tennessee AgResearch, Department of Animal Science, and East Tennessee Research and Education Center.

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High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4756

Author(s):

Anna Rysiak ◽

Sławomir Dresler ◽

Agnieszka Hanaka ◽

Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak ◽

Maciej Strzemski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

The European Union ◽

Short Term ◽

Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽

The World ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

Due to global warming, invasive species have spread across the world. We therefore studied the impact of short-term (1 day or 2 days) and longer (7 days) heat stress on photosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Heracleum sosnowskyi, one of the important invasive species in the European Union. H. sosnowskyi leaves exposed to short-term heat stress (35 °C/1 d) showed a decrease in chlorophyll and maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to control, 35 °C/2 d, or 30 °C/7 d treatments. In turn, the high level of lipid peroxidation and increased H2O2 accumulation indicated that the 30 °C/7 d stress induced oxidative damage. The contents of xanthotoxin and bergapten were elevated in the 2 d and 7 d treatments, while isopimpinellin was detected only in the heat-stressed plants. Additionally, the levels of free proline and anthocyanins significantly increased in response to high temperature, with a substantially higher increase in the 7 d (30 °C) treatment. The results indicate that the accumulation of proline, anthocyanins, and furanocoumarins, but not of phenolic acids or flavonols, contributes to protection of H. sosnowskyi plants against heat stress. Further studies could focus on the suppression of these metabolites to suppress the spread of this invasive species.

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The impact of short-term acute heat stress on the rumen microbiome of Hanwoo steers

Journal of Animal Science and Technology ◽

10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 208-217

Author(s):

Youl Chang Baek ◽

Hyuck Choi ◽

Jin-Young Jeong ◽

Sung Dae Lee ◽

Min Ji Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Short Term ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

Acute Heat Stress ◽

The Impact

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Short-Term Responses of Photosystem II to Heat Stress in Cold-Acclimated Atrazine-Resistant and Susceptible Biotypes of Erigeron canadensis (L.)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1999-9-1008 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 54 (9-10) ◽

pp. 665-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sándor Dulai ◽

István Molnár ◽

Evelin Péli ◽

Endre Lehoczki

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Short Term ◽

Erigeron Canadensis ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Temperature Dependences

When leaves of atrazine-resistant (AR) and atrazine-sensitive (S) Erigeron canadensis (L.) plants grown at 5 °C were exposed to an elevated temperature (35 °C) for 30 min, the critical (Tc) and peak temperatures (Tp) of the F0 vs. T curves were considerably higher for the leaves of the S biotype, but not for those of the AR biotype. The temperature dependences of Fv/Fm and ΔF/Fm′ were not greatly different for the heat-treated cold-acclimated AR biotype, in contrast with the situation for the S plants. This short-term heat treatment resulted in a more significant shift in the optimal thermal interval of CO2 fixation for the S than for the AR biotypes

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The Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation and Heat Stress on Carcass Characteristics, Muscle Nutritional Profile and Functionality of Lamb Meat

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1286

Author(s):

Surinder S. Chauhan ◽

Frank R. Dunshea ◽

Tim E. Plozza ◽

David L. Hopkins ◽

Eric N. Ponnampalam

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Antioxidant Supplementation ◽

Short Term ◽

Nutritional Profile ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Impact

The impact of antioxidant supplementation and short-term heat stress on lamb body weight gain, meat nutritional profile and functionality (storage stability of lipids and colour) of lamb meat was investigated. A total of 48 crossbred ((Merino × Border Leicester) × Dorset) lambs (42 ± 2 kg body weight, 7 mo age) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments (n = 16) by liveweight (LW) that differed in dosage of vitamin E and selenium (Se) in the diet. Vitamin E and Se levels in the control (CON), moderate (MOD) and supranutritional (SUP) dietary treatments were 28, 130 and 228 mg/kg DM as α-tocopherol acetate and 0.16, 0.66 and 1.16 mg Se as SelPlex™/kg DM, respectively. After four weeks of feeding in individual pens, including one week of adaptation, lambs were exposed to two heat treatments. Animals were moved to metabolism cages for one week and subjected to heat treatments: thermoneutral (TN; 18–21 °C and 40–50% relative humidity) and heat stress (HS; 28–40 °C and 30–40% relative humidity) conditions, respectively. Final LW and hot carcass weight were influenced by dietary treatments with higher final live weight (FLW) (p = 0.05; 46.8 vs. 44.4 and 43.8 kg, respectively) and hot carcass weight (HCW) (p = 0.01; 22.5 vs. 21.3 and 21.0 kg, respectively) recorded in lambs fed the SUP as opposed to the CON and MOD diets. Vitamin E concentration in the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle tended to be higher in lambs fed MOD or SUP diets than the CON group. Lipid oxidation of aged meat at 72 h of simulated retail display was reduced by antioxidant supplementation. Short-term (one week) heat stress treatment significantly increased muscle linoleic acid and total omega-6 concentrations compared with the CON group. The results demonstrate that four-week antioxidant supplementation at the SUP level improved animal productivity by increasing LW and carcass weight and the functionality of meat exhibited by reduced lipid oxidation. An increase in muscle omega-6 fatty acid concentration from short-term heat stress may induce oxidative stress via proinflammatory action.

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Adaptive Response of a Native Mediterranean Grapevine Cultivar Upon Short-Term Exposure to Drought and Heat Stress in the Context of Climate Change

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 249 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nikolaos Tzortzakis ◽

Antonios Chrysargyris ◽

Aziz Aziz

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

The Impact

The impact of climate change on viticulture is of major importance. Several international and indigenous grapevine cultivars have been examined for their adaptive performance to drought and heat stresses. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well known. In the present study we examined the short-term effects of light and moderate drought stress (DS) as well as heat stress (HS) on physiological and biochemical attributes in two grapevine cultivars: Chardonnay (international) and Xynisteri, an indigenous adapted to the specific Cypriot microclimate. Xynisteri plants exhibited decreasing leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate as well as increasing total phenols and antioxidant capacity under DS conditions. These reactions were concomitant to a rapid accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in leaves, associated to an increase of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity. However, Chardonnay plants did not exhibit the same responses as Xynisteri against DS (i.e., stomatal closure, total phenolics and antioxidants) over the first four days. Additionally, Chardonnay showed leaf damage with increased lipid peroxidation levels and activation of catalase and peroxidase. Interestingly, HS increased leaf stomatal conductance and decreased total phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in Chardonnay after 20 d of stress. In both cultivars, HS had milder effects compared to DS, and again Xynisteri showed better performance than Chardonnay in terms of damage index and antioxidative activities. Overall, Xynisteri adaptation to DS and HS was higher than that of Chardonnay, and both cultivars reacted more to the short-term DS than to HS. Although the Xynisteri performances under stress conditions provide an important resource for adaptation to stressful conditions, the impacts on earliness, yield and grape quality remain to be explored.

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Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bingjin Wu ◽

Jianwen Qiao ◽

Xiaoming Wang ◽

Manshuang Liu ◽

Shengbao Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Protein Content ◽

Early Stage ◽

Protein Translation ◽

Short Term ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Thermal Environments ◽

Rapid Changes ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence.

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