scholarly journals Effects of Obesity on Adiponectin System Skin Expression in Dogs: A Comparative Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Cecilia Dall’Aglio ◽  
Margherita Maranesi ◽  
Antonio Di Loria ◽  
Diego Piantedosi ◽  
Paolo Ciaramella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Important Health Issue

Obesity is an important health issue in dogs since it influences a plethora of associated pathologies, including dermatological disorders. Considering the scarcity of information in pets, this work aimed to evaluate the localization and expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its two receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in the skin of 10 obese dogs, compared with serum ADIPOQ level. Through immunohistochemistry, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 were observed in the adipose tissue, sweat and sebaceous glands, endothelium, and some connective cells. Both receptors were observed in the epidermis and the hair follicles, other than in the sweat and sebaceous glands. Real-time PCR evidenced that the ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 transcripts were expressed 5.4-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.3-fold less (p < 0.01), respectively, in obese than in normal weight dogs, while ADIPOR1 expression did not change. Obese dogs showed lower serum ADIPOQ levels than the normal weight group. Accordingly, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 expression in the skin appear negatively correlated with obesity in the same way as the serum ADIPOQ level. These findings evidence that ADIPOQ system changes in the skin of obese dogs and suggest that the ADIPOQ effect on the skin is at least in part regulated by the reduced expression of ADIPOR2.

scholarly journals Compromised browning plasticity of primary subcutaneous adipocytes derived from overweight Chinese adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Qiu ◽  
Lizhi Sun ◽  
Xiaolin Hu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Hongyan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Overweight Group

Abstract Purpose People with obesity have a compromised browning capacity of adipose tissue when faced with sympathetic stimuli. This study aimed to determine whether norepinephrine treatment can enhance the induction of precursor cells from human white adipose tissue to differentiate into adipocytes that express key markers of beige adipocytes, and if there is a difference in this capacity between normal weight and overweight individuals. Methods Stromal vascular cells derived from subcutaneous white adipose tissue of normal weight and overweight groups were induced to differentiation, with or without norepinephrine, into adipocytes. Oxygen consumption rate, lipolysis, the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and other thermogenic genes were compared between different adiposity and treatment groups. Results Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ- coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 α) and uncoupling protein 1 gene expression increased significantly in the normal weight group, but not in the overweight group, with norepinephrine treatment. The increments of lipolysis and oxygen consumption rate were also higher in adipocytes from the normal weight group with norepinephrine treatment, as compared with those of the overweight group. PR domain containing protein 16 (PRDM 16) gene expression was higher in the normal weight group compared with that in the overweight group, while there were no significant changes found with norepinephrine treatment in either the normal weight or overweight group. Conclusions Adipogenic precursor cells derived from overweight individuals were less prone to differentiate into beige-like adipocytes when facing sympathetic stimuli than normal weight ones, resulting in the compromised sympathetic-induced browning capacity in subcutaneous white adipose tissue in overweight individuals, which occurred before the onset of overt obesity.

Effect of overweight and obesity on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Poyraz ◽  
Murat Turfan ◽  
Sinan A. Kocaman ◽  
Huseyin U. Yazici ◽  
Nihat Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Diastolic Functions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a association exits among overweight and obesity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients admitted with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The present study was performed on 451 consecutive patients diagnosed with first STEMI (376 men, 75 women; mean age 56.1±10.8 years). The patients were classified into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Echocardiographic features were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Results: Mitral annulus E velocities were higher in obese individuals than normal weight group (p < 0.01). In contrast, mitral A velocities were lower (p =0.03); consequently, E\A and E'\A' ratios were lower (both p =0.01) in the obese group with respect to normal weight group. When the correction of entire variations existing among the groups were performed using multivariate linear regressions analyses, it turned out that BMI was independently associated with E/A (β= -0.19, p =0.044) and with E'/A' (β= -0.016, p=0.021). Ejection fraction, wall motion score index and myocardial S velocities were comparable among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that while obesity has no adverse effect on the left ventricular systolic function, it has unfavorable consequences on the left ventricular diastolic function in the patients with first STEMI. In contrast, no unfavorable effects of overweight on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were detected.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics Vary According to Body Mass Index in Japanese Community-Dwelling Elderly Women

Geriatrics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nonaka ◽  
Shin Murata ◽  
Kayoko Shiraiwa ◽  
Teppei Abiko ◽  
Hideki Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Knee Extension Strength

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is related to health in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics in underweight, overweight, and obese Japanese community-dwelling elderly women compared to normal-weight elderly women. Methods: The study participants included 212 community-dwelling elderly women. They were categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9), overweight (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 25). Data on skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), number of trunk curl-ups performed within 30 seconds, knee extension strength, one-leg standing time, and walking speed were recorded. Results: In the underweight group, the number of trunk curl-ups was significantly lower than that of the normal-weight group (p = 0.011) and the correlation between knee extension strength and walking speed was relatively higher than in the normal-weight group (r = 0.612 vs. r = 0.471). In the overweight group, the SMI was significantly increased (p < 0.001), but knee extension strength was not increased (p = 0.235) compared to that of the normal-weight group. In the obese group, one-leg standing time was significantly shorter than in the normal-weight group (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Physical characteristics vary according to BMI and these findings are useful in assessing and planning interventional programs to improve and maintain physical function in elderly women.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Herbs to Combat Viral Pathogens Including SARS-CoV-2

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775
Author(s):  
Arumugam Vijaya Anand ◽  
Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan ◽  
Mohandass Kaviya ◽  
Kathirvel Bharathi ◽  
Aluru Parithathvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Important Health Issue

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most important health issue, internationally. With no specific and effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19, new or repurposed antiviral are urgently needed. Phytochemicals pose a ray of hope for human health during this pandemic, and a great deal of research is concentrated on it. Phytochemicals have been used as antiviral agents against several viruses since they could inhibit several viruses via different mechanisms of direct inhibition either at the viral entry point or the replication stages and via immunomodulation potentials. Recent evidence also suggests that some plants and its components have shown promising antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes certain phytochemical agents along with their mode of actions and potential antiviral activities against important viral pathogens. A special focus has been given on medicinal plants and their extracts as well as herbs which have shown promising results to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be useful in treating patients with COVID-19 as alternatives for treatment under phytotherapy approaches during this devastating pandemic situation.

scholarly journals 14 Characterization of adipose tissue extracellular matrix component mRNA expression during porcine adipogenesis using real-time PCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Maegan A Reeves ◽  
Courtney E Charlton ◽  
Terry D Brandebourg
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Type I ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase

Abstract Given adipose tissue is histologically classified as connective tissue, we hypothesized expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components are significantly altered during adipogenesis. However, little is known about the regulation of the ECM during adipose tissue development in the pig. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize expression of ECM components during porcine adipogenesis. Primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells were harvested from 3-day-old neonatal pigs (n=6) and preadipocytes induced to differentiate in vitro for 8 days in the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone, and rosiglitazone. Total RNA was extracted from these cultures on days 0 and 8 post-induction. Real-time PCR was then utilized to determine changes in mRNA expression for collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A), collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL2A), collagen type I alpha 3 chain (COL3A), collagen type I alpha 4 chain (COL4A), collagen type I alpha 6 chain (COL6A), biglycan, fibronectin, laminin, nitogen-1 (NID1), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3). The mRNA abundances of COL1A, COL3A and MMP2 were significantly downregulated 2.86-fold (P &lt; 0.05), 16.7-fold (P &lt; 0.01) and 3.1-fold (P &lt; 0.05) respectively in day 8 (differentiated) compared to day 0 (undifferentiated) cultures. Meanwhile, mRNA abundances were significantly upregulated during adipogenesis for the COL2A (2.82-fold; P &lt; 0.05), COL4A (2.01-fold; P &lt; 0.05), COL6A (2.8-fold; P &lt; 0.05), biglycan (49.9- fold; P &lt; 0.001), fibronectin (452-fold; P &lt; 0.001), laminin (6.1-fold; P &lt; 0.05), NID1(47.4-fold; P &lt; 0.01), MMP9 (76.8- fold; P &lt; 0.01), and TIMP3(3.04-fold; P &lt; 0.05) genes. These data support the hypothesis that significant changes in ECM components occur during porcine adipogenesis. Modulating adipose tissue ECM remodeling might be a novel strategy to manipulate adiposity in the pig.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Fat Tissue Changes—Adipocyte Morphometry, Collagen Deposition, and Expression of CD163+ Cells in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue of Male Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3627
Author(s):  
Robert Mujkić ◽  
Darija Šnajder Mujkić ◽  
Ivana Ilić ◽  
Edi Rođak ◽  
Antun Šumanovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Childhood obesity is a complex health problem, and not many studies have been done on adipose tissue remodeling in early childhood. The aim of this study was to examine extracellular matrix remodeling in the adipose tissue of healthy male children depending on their weight status. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was obtained from 45 otherwise healthy male children who underwent elective surgery for hernia repairs or orchidopexy. The children were divided into overweight/obese (n = 17) or normal weight groups (n = 28) depending on their body mass index (BMI) z-score. Serum was obtained for glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) measurements. Sections of adipose tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the adipocytes’ surface area, and Masson’s trichrome stain was used to detect the adipocytes’ collagen content. Immunohistochemistry for CD163+ cells was also performed. The results showed that male children in the overweight group had higher serum triglyceride levels, greater adipocyte surface area and collagen content in their subcutaneous adipose tissue, more crown-like structures in fat tissues, and more CD163+ cells in their visceral adipose tissue than males in the normal weight group. In conclusion, in male children, obesity can lead to the hypertrophy of adipocytes, increased collagen deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissues, and changes in the polarization and accumulation of macrophages.

Analyses of Gait and Jump Tasks in Female Obese Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Ricardo Pires de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Teresa da Conceição Figueira Martins ◽  
Ana Maria Miranda Botelho Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
Task Differences

In spite of the advances in knowledge on the multi–factorial nature of obesity, many questions related to the consequences of the disease continue to be unanswered. Several studies have reported biomechanic and kinematic adaptation and alterations in walking and in tasks of every day life, motivated by the additional load of fat mass in children and adults. The main objective of this study was to understand the effect of obesity in the electromyographic activity of four lower extremity muscles during three speeds of walking and during a countermovement jump (CMJ) in twenty two (9 obese and 13 normal weight) female adolescents aged 13. Although electromyographic differences were not observed between groups for normal, slow and fast speeds, data suggests that the preferred pace of the obese is less efficient than that of the normal weight group. In CMJ task, differences in the after–fall jump phase were observed. More studies are needed to explain if the few differences observed between groups are caused by the bigger amount of fat mass.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review and Thematic Classification of Patient Complexity: Offering a Unifying Framework

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis K. Schaink ◽  
Kerry Kuluski ◽  
Renée F. Lyons ◽  
Martin Fortin ◽  
Alejandro R. Jadad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Complex Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Important Health ◽  
The Face ◽  
Patient Complexity ◽  
Important Health Issue

The path to improving healthcare quality for individuals with complex health conditions is complicated by a lack of common understanding of complexity. Modern medicine, together with social and environmental factors, has extended life, leading to a growing population of patients with chronic conditions. In many cases, there are social and psychological factors that impact treatment, health outcomes, and quality of life. This is the face of complexity. Care challenges, burden, and cost have positioned complexity as an important health issue. Complex chronic conditions are now being discussed by clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers around such issues as quantification, payment schemes, transitions, management models, clinical practice, and improved patient experience. We conducted a scoping review of the literature for definitions and descriptions of complexity. We provide an overview of complex chronic conditions, and what is known about complexity, and describe variations in how it is understood. We developed a Complexity Framework from these findings to guide our approach to understanding patient complexity. It is critical to use common vernacular and conceptualization of complexity to improve service and outcomes for patients with complex chronic conditions. Many questions still persist about how to develop this work with a health and social care lens; our framework offers a foundation to structure thinking about complex patients. Further insight into patient complexity can inform treatment models and goals of care, and identify required services and barriers to the management of complexity.

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