scholarly journals Bacteriophage Technology and Modern Medicine

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Aa Haeruman Azam ◽  
Xin-Ee Tan ◽  
Srivani Veeranarayanan ◽  
Kotaro Kiga ◽  
Longzhu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Made In

The bacteriophage (or phage for short) has been used as an antibacterial agent for over a century but was abandoned in most countries after the discovery and broad use of antibiotics. The worldwide emergence and high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria have led to a revival of interest in the long-forgotten antibacterial therapy with phages (phage therapy) as an alternative approach to combatting AMR bacteria. The rapid progress recently made in molecular biology and genetic engineering has accelerated the generation of phage-related products with superior therapeutic potentials against bacterial infection. Nowadays, phage-based technology has been developed for many purposes, including those beyond the framework of antibacterial treatment, such as to suppress viruses by phages, gene therapy, vaccine development, etc. Here, we highlighted the current progress in phage engineering technology and its application in modern medicine.

scholarly journals Engineering the microbiome for animal health and conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Jin Song ◽  
Douglas C Woodhams ◽  
Cameron Martino ◽  
Celeste Allaband ◽  
Andre Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Made In

Interest in animal microbiomes as therapeutics is rapidly expanding, as techniques to study the microbial world decrease in cost and increase in accessibility and case studies from human medicine receive widespread attention. In this review, we summarize the current state of techniques to modify the microbiome to improve animal health, focusing on applications in domestic pets, farm animals, and in wild settings for conservation. We discuss options for modifying the microbiome, including community-wide changes such as fecal microbiota transplants, prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics, and more targeted approaches such as phage therapy and CRISPR-Cas. We conclude that although much remains to be done in untangling the basic biology of microbiome-directed therapies in animals, the rapid progress currently being made in human medicine and the examples to date of application of probiotics and other microbiome-directed therapies in taxa ranging from horses to salamanders to bees suggest excellent prospects for these technologies as they are further developed and as data on both the benefits and risks are carefully and systematically collected. Impact statement Considering the clear effects of microbiota on important aspects of animal biology and development (including in humans), this topic is timely and broadly appealing, as it compels us to consider the possibilities of altering the microbiome (without antibiotics) to positively affect animal health. In this review, we highlight three general approaches to manipulating the microbiome that have demonstrated success and promise for use in animal health. We also point out knowledge gaps where further inquiry would most benefit the field. Our paper not only provides a short and digestible overview of the current state of application, but also calls for further exploration of the microbial diversity at hand to expand our toolkit, while also leveraging the diversity and flexibility of animal systems to better understand mechanisms of efficacy.

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections in Symptomatic Patients in Bulgaria

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
V. Ouzounova ◽  
J. Haralambieva ◽  
I. Mitov
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Reiter Syndrome ◽  
Made In

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in symptomatic patients and to compare our data with similar studies made in Bulgaria. 822 patients were included in the study with a diagnosis suggestive of Chlamydial infection: urethritis, prostatitis, Reiter syndrome, cervicitis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, etc. The samples were cell cultured on McCoy and detected by immunofluorescence with anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in symptomatic patients was about 37% in the investigated 822 urogenital samples (568 women and 254 men). Active infection with C. trachomatis was detected in 39% of the women and in 33% of the men. Our study shows a relatively high prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in symptomatic patients; a lower prevalence of the infection in comparison with other Bulgarian studies, using different methods for detection. The results prove the high sensitivity and specificity of the cell-culture method for the detection of Chlamydial infections and the need for screening of the symptomatic patients and their sexual partners for Chlamydial infection.

scholarly journals Non-invasive diagnostic methods of the liver fibrosis in patients with overweigh and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Nadiia Gavryliuk ◽  
Ihor Hospodarskyy ◽  
Oksana Prokopchuk ◽  
Olga Namisniak ◽  
Mykhailo Havrylyuk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Rate Of Progression

One of the biggest problems of modern medicine is the difficulty in early diagnostic and effective treatment of HCV infection due to its wide distribution, latent form and terrible consequences as a formation of liver cirrhosis (CP) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is important to mention, that the rate of progression of liver fibrosis. It is an important medical and social problem that the number of patients with NAFLD, overweight and obesity is constantly increases [9]. Due to the high prevalence of NAFLD and CHC, these two pathologies will progress and contribute to the progression of fibrosis, and depending on the genome of the virus and metabolic syndrome. There is a high risk of developing CP and HCC even after achieving a stable virological response.The main aim of our investigation was to assess the stages of fibrosis by using non-invasive methods for patients with overweight and obesity who being treated for HCV infection (with posthepatic fibrosis).

Surface-associated and secreted factors ofStreptococcus suisin epidemiology, pathogenesis and vaccine development

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Georg Baums ◽  
Peter Valentin-Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Made In

AbstractStreptococcus suisis an invasive porcine pathogen associated with meningitis, arthritis, bronchopneumonia and other diseases. The pathogen constitutes a major health problem in the swine industry worldwide. Furthermore,S. suisis an important zoonotic agent causing meningitis and other diseases in humans exposed to pigs or pork. Current knowledge on pathogenesis is limited, despite the enormous amount of data generated by ‘omics’ research. Accordingly, immunprophylaxis (in pigs) is hampered by lack of a cross-protective vaccine against virulent strains of this diverse species. This review focuses on bacterial factors, both surface-associated and secreted ones, which are considered to contribute toS. suisinteraction(s) with host factors and cells. Factors are presented with respect to (i) their identification and features, (ii) their distribution amongS. suisand (iii) their significance for virulence, immune response and vaccination. This review also shows the enormous progress made in research onS. suisover the last few years, and it emphasizes the numerous challenging questions remaining to be answered in the future.

DUNCAN'S DISEASES OF METABOLISM: GENETICS AND METABOLISM, ed 7. Edited by Philip K. Bondy and Leon E. Rosenberg. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1974, $26; 948 pp

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-646
Author(s):  
Lester F. Soyka
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Medical Curricula ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
Made In

This volume is approximately the first half of a two-volume standard text, and is noteworthy because it follows the sixth edition by only four years. This fact reflects the rapid progress made in the fields of genetics, metabolism, and endocrinology during this period. It is of some interest that sections on nutrition, other than a rather brief discussion of obesity, have been eliminated from a text devoted to diseases of metabolism. Unfortunately, nutrition also has been virtually eliminated from medical curricula, and this important group of diseases is a prominent defect in the education of most physicians.

Syndromes of postural stability and gait disorders in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy: clinical forms and features of pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Doyan ◽  
◽  
O. A. Kicherova ◽  
L. I. Reikhert ◽  
L. V. Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
High Prevalence

The problem of discirculatory encephalopathy (DEP) is still relevant in modern medicine due to the high prevalence of this pathology. The symptoms of gait disturbance and postural instability, which are an additional factor of disability and a decrease in the quality of life in patients with DEP, are discussed in this article. Modern concepts of the pathogenesis and clinical picture of static-dynamic disorders are highlighted.

scholarly journals PZQ Therapy: How Close are we in the Development of Effective Alternative Anti-schistosomal Drugs?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Taiwo Aruleba ◽  
Tayo Alex Adekiya ◽  
Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye ◽  
Priscilla Masamba ◽  
Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Disease ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Drugs ◽  
Made In

Today schistosomiasis, caused mainly by the three major schistosome species (S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum), has for many decades and still continues to be on a rapid and swift rise globally, claiming thousands of lives every year and leaving 800 million people at the risk of infection. Due to the high prevalence of this disease and the steady increase in the infection rates, praziquantel (PZQ) remains the only effective drug against this acute disease although it has no effect on the juvenile schistosome parasite. However, no significant approaches have been made in recent years in the discovery of new or alternative drugs and unfortunately, resistance to this drug has been reported in some parts of the world. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new drug for this debilitating disease. In this review, a brief history of past, present, and new promising anti-schistosomal drugs is presented.

Managing Aviation Technologies

1959 ◽  
Vol 63 (583) ◽  
pp. 381-393
Author(s):  
Charles J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Wilbur Wright ◽  
Made In

It is a great distinction and a highly esteemed honour to be privileged to read the forty-seventh Wilbur Wright Memorial Lecture. It is also a distinct personal pleasure to be here. Over the past 15 years I have made periodic trips to England to visit the aircraft companies, to witness the spectacular Farnborough displays of the S.B.A.C. and to attend the Anglo-American Conferences of the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences. This has afforded opportunities to observe and admire the rapid progress you have made in aeronautics, the brilliant achievements of British engineers and scientists and, more importantly, the chance to make and deepen warm and valued friendships. The joint meetings of the Society and the Institute are proving to be fruitful ground for the exchange of ideas and for becoming better acquainted. May I express the sincere wish that I shall have the pleasure of welcoming many of you to the Seventh Anglo-American Conference which will be held in October 1959 in New York.

Physical characterization of HfO2deposited on Ge substrates by MOCVD.

2004 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Van Elshocht ◽  
B. Brijs ◽  
M. Caymax ◽  
T. Conard ◽  
S. De Gendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
High K ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTGermanium is because of its intrinsically higher mobility than Si, currently under consideration as an alternative approach to improve transistor performance. Germanium oxide, however, is thermodynamically unstable, preventing formation of the gate dielectric by simple oxidation. At present, high-k dielectrics might be considered as an enabling technology as much progress has been made in the deposition of thin high-quality layers.In this paper, we study the growth and physical properties of HfO2 deposited on Ge by MOCVD, using TDEAH and O2 as precursors, and compare the results to similar layers deposited on silicon substrates. Our results show that the physical properties of MOCVD-deposited HfO2 layers on Ge are very similar to what we have observed in the past for Si. Unfortunately, some of the negative aspects observed for Si, such as diffusion of substrate material in the high-k layer, a low density for thinner layers, or a rough top surface, are also observed for the case of Ge. However, careful surface pretreatments such as NH3 annealing the Ge substrate prior to deposition, can greatly improve the physical properties. An important observation is the very thin interfacial layer between HfO2 and Ge substrate, allowing a more aggressive scaling for Ge.

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