scholarly journals Butyrate, Forskolin, and Lactose Synergistically Enhance Disease Resistance by Inducing the Expression of the Genes Involved in Innate Host Defense and Barrier Function

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Melanie A. Whitmore ◽  
Kelsy Robinson ◽  
Wentao Lyu ◽  
Guolong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Control And Prevention

The rising concern of antimicrobial resistance highlights a need for effective alternatives to antibiotics for livestock production. Butyrate, forskolin, and lactose are three natural products known to induce the synthesis of host defense peptides (HDP), which are a critical component of innate immunity. In this study, the synergy among butyrate, forskolin, and lactose in enhancing innate host defense, barrier function, and resistance to necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis was investigated. Our results indicated that the three compounds synergistically augmented the expressions of multiple HDP and barrier function genes in chicken HD11 macrophages. The compounds also showed an obvious synergy in promoting HDP gene expressions in chicken jejunal explants. Dietary supplementation of a combination of 1 g/kg sodium butyrate, 10 mg/kg forskolin-containing plant extract, and 10 g/kg lactose dramatically improved the survival of chickens from 39% to 94% (p < 0.001) in a co-infection model of necrotic enteritis. Furthermore, the three compounds largely reversed growth suppression, significantly alleviated intestinal lesions, and reduced colonization of Clostridium perfringens or Eimeria maxima in chickens with necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis (p < 0.01). Collectively, dietary supplementation of butyrate, forskolin, and lactose is a promising antibiotic alternative approach to disease control and prevention for poultry and possibly other livestock species.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Lac16 on Clostridium perfringens Infection-Associated Injury in IPEC-J2 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12388
Author(s):  
Yuanhao Zhou ◽  
Baikui Wang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Peng Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Associated Injury

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) causes intestinal injury through overgrowth and the secretion of multiple toxins, leading to diarrhea and necrotic enteritis in animals, including pigs, chickens, and sheep. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) Lac16 on C. perfringens infection-associated injury in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The results showed that L. plantarum Lac16 significantly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens, which was accompanied by a decrease in pH levels. In addition, L. plantarum Lac16 significantly elevated the mRNA expression levels of host defense peptides (HDPs) in IPEC-J2 cells, decreased the adhesion of C. perfringens to IPEC-J2 cells, and attenuated C. perfringens-induced cellular cytotoxicity and intestinal barrier damage. Furthermore, L. plantarum Lac16 significantly suppressed C. perfringens-induced gene expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, L. plantarum Lac16 preincubation effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 caused by C. perfringens infection. Collectively, probiotic L. plantarum Lac16 exerts protective effects against C. perfringens infection-associated injury in IPEC-J2 cells.

scholarly journals Butyrate and Forskolin Augment Host Defense, Barrier Function, and Disease Resistance Without Eliciting Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsy Robinson ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Bridget Aylward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Peptide Array ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Inducible Camp Early Repressor

Host defense peptides (HDPs) are an integral part of the innate immune system with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Induction of endogenous HDP synthesis is being actively explored as an antibiotic-alternative approach to disease control and prevention. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, and forskolin, a phytochemical, have been shown separately to induce HDP gene expression in human cells. Here, we investigated the ability of butyrate and forskolin to induce the expressions of chicken HDP genes and the genes involved in barrier function such as mucin 2 and claudin 1 both in vitro and in vivo. We further evaluated their efficacy in protecting chickens from Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. Additionally, we profiled the transcriptome and global phosphorylation of chicken HD11 macrophage cells in response to butyrate and forskolin using RNA sequencing and a kinome peptide array, respectively. Our results showed a strong synergy between butyrate and forskolin in inducing the expressions of several, but not all, HDP genes. Importantly, dietary supplementation of butyrate and a forskolin-containing plant extract resulted in significant alleviation of intestinal lesions and the C. perfringens colonization in a synergistic manner in a chicken model of necrotic enteritis. RNA sequencing revealed a preferential increase in HDP and barrier function genes with no induction of proinflammatory cytokines in response to butyrate and forskolin. The antiinflammatory and barrier protective properties of butyrate and forskolin were further confirmed by the kinome peptide array. Moreover, we demonstrated an involvement of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER)-mediated negative feedback in HDP induction by butyrate and forskolin. Overall, these results highlight a potential for developing butyrate and forskolin, two natural products, as novel antibiotic alternatives to enhance intestinal health and disease resistance in poultry and other animals.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with Capsicum and turmeric oleoresins increases resistance to necrotic enteritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hyen Lee ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj ◽  
Seung I. Jang ◽  
Erik P. Lillehoj ◽  
Wongi Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Mrna Levels

The Clostridium-related poultry disease, necrotic enteritis (NE), causes substantial economic losses on a global scale. In the present study, a mixture of two plant-derived phytonutrients, Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin (XT), was evaluated for its effects on local and systemic immune responses using a co-infection model of experimental NE in commercial broilers. Chickens were fed from hatch with a diet supplemented with XT, or with a non-supplemented control diet, and either uninfected or orally challenged with virulent Eimeria maxima oocysts at 14 d and Clostridium perfringens at 18 d of age. Parameters of protective immunity were as follows: (1) body weight; (2) gut lesions; (3) serum levels of C. perfringens α-toxin and NE B-like (NetB) toxin; (4) serum levels of antibodies to α-toxin and NetB toxin; (5) levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestine and spleen. Infected chickens fed the XT-supplemented diet had increased body weight and reduced gut lesion scores compared with infected birds given the non-supplemented diet. The XT-fed group also displayed decreased serum α-toxin levels and reduced intestinal IL-8, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF), IL-17A and IL-17F mRNA levels, while cytokine/chemokine levels in splenocytes increased in the XT-fed group, compared with the animals fed the control diet. In conclusion, the present study documents the molecular and cellular immune changes following dietary supplementation with extracts of Capsicum and turmeric that may be relevant to protective immunity against avian NE.

Geographically Distinct Expression Profile of Host Defense Peptides in the Skin of the Chinese Odorous Frog, Odorrana margaretae

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-297
Author(s):  
LING Guiying ◽  
LI Li ◽  
GAO Jiuxiang ◽  
YU Haining ◽  
WANG Yipeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Defense Peptides

Human Host Defense Peptides - Role in Maintaining Human Homeostasis and Pathological Processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 654-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Anna Dawgul ◽  
Katarzyna E. Greber ◽  
Wieslaw Sawicki ◽  
Wojciech Kamysz
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Defense Peptides

scholarly journals PGC-1α mediates a metabolic host defense response in human airway epithelium during rhinovirus infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey N. Michi ◽  
Bryan G. Yipp ◽  
Antoine Dufour ◽  
Fernando Lopes ◽  
David Proud
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Damage

AbstractHuman rhinoviruses (HRV) are common cold viruses associated with exacerbations of lower airways diseases. Although viral induced epithelial damage mediates inflammation, the molecular mechanisms responsible for airway epithelial damage and dysfunction remain undefined. Using experimental HRV infection studies in highly differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI), we examine the links between viral host defense, cellular metabolism, and epithelial barrier function. We observe that early HRV-C15 infection induces a transitory barrier-protective metabolic state characterized by glycolysis that ultimately becomes exhausted as the infection progresses and leads to cellular damage. Pharmacological promotion of glycolysis induces ROS-dependent upregulation of the mitochondrial metabolic regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), thereby restoring epithelial barrier function, improving viral defense, and attenuating disease pathology. Therefore, PGC-1α regulates a metabolic pathway essential to host defense that can be therapeutically targeted to rescue airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and potentially prevent severe respiratory complications or secondary bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blazej Slazak ◽  
Klara Kaltenböck ◽  
Karin Steffen ◽  
Martyna Rogala ◽  
Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Teide Volcano

AbstractCyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides, that are characteristic for each species and variable in different environments. Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry (LC–MS, MALDI-MS), transcriptomics and biological assays to investigate the diversity, differences in cyclotide expression based on species and different environment, and antimicrobial activity of cyclotides found in violets from the Canary Islands. A wide range of different habitats can be found on these islands, from subtropical forests to dry volcano peaks at high altitudes. The islands are inhabited by the endemic Viola palmensis, V. cheiranthifolia, V. anagae and the common V. odorata. The number of cyclotides produced by a given species varied in plants from different environments. The highest diversity was noted in V. anagae which resides in subtropical forest and the lowest in V. cheiranthifolia from the Teide volcano. Transcriptome sequencing and LC–MS were used to identify 23 cyclotide sequences from V. anagae. Cyclotide extracts exhibited antifungal activities with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations noted for V. anagae (15.62 μg/ml against Fusarium culmorum). The analysis of the relative abundance of 30 selected cyclotides revealed patterns characteristic to both species and populations, which can be the result of genetic variability or environmental conditions in different habitats. The current study exemplifies how plants tailor their host defense peptides for various habitats, and the usefulness of cyclotides as markers for chemosystematics.

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