scholarly journals The Progress of Global Antimicrobial Resistance Governance and Its Implication to China: A Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Jia Yin ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xueran Xu ◽  
Yinqi Liu ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Official Document ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Catch Up

China has great potential for engaging in global actions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) control. This study aims to summarize the process of global AMR governance and provide relevant policy recommendations on how China could take more initiative in the global AMR governance. We searched for academic articles and official document published or issued before December 2020 in e-journal databases, official websites of major organizations, and the relevant national ministries. This review revealed that global action on AMR control has experienced three stages: (1) The beginning stage (1980s and 1990s) when actions were mainly sponsored by high-income countries and AMR surveillance was focused on hospitals; (2) The rapid development stage (2000–2010) when global AMR governance began to concentrate on joint actions in multi-sectors, and developing countries were gradually involved in global actions; (3) The comprehensive stage (2011 to present) when global actions on AMR have covered various fields in different countries. China’s AMR governance has fallen behind at the beginning but recently began to catch up with the global trend. The central government should take a far-fetched view, act decisively and positively towards the global efforts of addressing AMR to play a more active and greater role on the international stage.

scholarly journals Evolution of Guangzhou Biomedical Industry Innovation Network Structure and Its Proximity Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Kaihuang Zhang ◽  
Qinglan Qian ◽  
Yijing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Topological Structure ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Biomedical Industry ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Innovation Cooperation ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

The topological structure and multidimensional proximity evolution mechanism of Guangzhou biomedical industry innovation network are studied by using cooperative patents and cooperative papers from 1998 to 2018 with Ucinet and PLS-SEM. Research shows: ① The evolution of the Guangzhou Biomedical Industry Innovation Network can be divided into three stages, which are the primary budding stage of 1998–2005, the steady development stage of 2006–2012, and the rapid development stage of 2013–2018; ② the number of subjects in the innovation network is increasing, and the types of subjects are constantly increasing. The innovation network has gone from small to large, from closed to open, and from simple to complex. Patents and papers cooperation networks show different characteristics at various stages; ③ the relationship between geographical proximity, cognitive proximity, organizational proximity, and innovation network differs in stages. The interaction of proximity varies with the content of innovation cooperation. Based on this result, we have put forward policy recommendations for different innovative content.

Fatigue Test Studies on Reinforced Concrete Hollow Slab Girder

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
Hong Bing Zhu ◽  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Bo Xia
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Highway Engineering ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Stable Stage

Reinforced Concrete (RC) Hollow Slab Girder is widely used in Highway Engineering, and fatigue load is an essential aspect of causing damage. In order to accurately calculate the distribution and development laws of RC hollow slab girder fatigue strain, experiment on Amplitude fatigue with five experimental beams were done in the laboratory. The beams obviously presented a rule of three stages: the damage development is fast in fore period and later period; but the hazard from fatigue in the midterm developed steadily relatively. The destruction of fatigue damage is the steel brittle fracture. Fatigue failure could be divided into three periods: rapid development stage, stable stage and destruction stage. In last stage one or two main cracks continues to expand, the rest stop growing and gradually closed, it fatigue fractured at the main crack. With the increase of the number of cycles of fatigue loading, the growth rate slowed down into a relatively stable stage, when approaching destruction there is relatively substantially growth.

Evolution of Cracks in Nano-CaCO3 Modified Pre-Disintegrated Carbonaceous Mudstone Under Cyclic Wetting and Drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 5117-5122
Author(s):  
Ling Zeng ◽  
Yurong Yuan ◽  
Junhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Crack Evolution ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Final Crack ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Stable Stage

To explore the evolution of cracks in the pre-disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone, wetting-drying tests were carried out on nano-CaCO3 modified pre-disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone samples. The samples were prepared with aqueous solutions of different pH values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to clarify the mechanism of crack evolution of pre-disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone modified by nano-CaCO3. The results showed that development of shrinkage and cracks was basically divided into three stages, i.e., the gestation stage, the rapid development stage and the stable stage. For the samples without nano-CaCO3, the final crack rates and pore sizes of samples with pH = 3 and pH = 11 were larger than corresponding values of the sample with pH= 7. Moreover, final crack rate and pore size significantly decreased with the addition of nano-CaCO3 suggesting that nano-CaCO3 can effectively improve cracking resistance of pre-disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (Ф-OTDR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Rao ◽  
Zinan Wang ◽  
Huijuan Wu ◽  
Zengling Ran ◽  
Bing Han
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Rayleigh Backscattering ◽  
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Phase Sensitive ◽  
Optical Time

AbstractPhase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Ф-OTDR) is an effective way to detect vibrations and acoustic waves with high sensitivity, by interrogating coherent Rayleigh backscattering light in sensing fiber. In particular, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) based on the Ф-OTDR with phase demodulation has been extensively studied and widely used in intrusion detection, borehole seismic acquisition, structure health monitoring, etc., in recent years, with superior advantages such as long sensing range, fast response speed, wide sensing bandwidth, low operation cost and long service lifetime. Significant advances in research and development (R&D) of Ф-OTDR have been made since 2014. In this review, we present a historical review of Ф-OTDR and then summarize the recent progress of Ф-OTDR in the Fiber Optics Research Center (FORC) at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), which is the first group to carry out R&D of Ф-OTDR and invent ultra-sensitive DAS (uDAS) seismometer in China which is elected as one of the ten most significant technology advances of PetroChina in 2019. It can be seen that the Ф-OTDR/DAS technology is currently under its rapid development stage and would reach its climax in the next 5 years.

scholarly journals Study on the Attractiveness Factors of Online Courses

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Xuan Han ◽  
Min-Yuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Grid Method ◽  
Type I ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Quantification Theory ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Education Industry

With the rapid development of online courses, digital learning has become a global trend. In this context, this study analyzed the high intake population of online courses for online affective cognition, and explored what the user’s attraction factors for online courses are. The key factors that affect consumers’ usage of online courses and the weights of impact relations are presented, aiming to provide guidance for future improvement of online courses. This study was conducted through the evaluation grid method of Miryoku engineering. In order to make the charm factors more accurate and representative, this study summarized the charm elements using the Kawakita Jiro (KJ) method, and then quantified the factors in the form of a questionnaire. Through the statistical analysis of the questionnaire and quantification theory type I, the correlation between the charm feeling and the online course as well as the weight of each item (original evaluation item) and category (specific evaluation item) were calculated. Through the research and discussion on the charm factors of online teaching, the results analyzed and integrated in this paper could give more substantive suggestions and help to the education industry.

Incomplete Fiscal Decentralisation: An Impediment for Local Economic Development in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Audrey Smock Amoah ◽  
Imoro Braimah ◽  
Theresa Yaba Baah-Ennumh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Government Level

For the past three decades Ghana’s democratic decentralisation policy has sought in vein to establish a local government system capable of pursuing Local Economic Development (LED). One of the major impediments has been the insincere implementation of fiscal decentralisation for the local government to provide the enabling environment for LED. This paper employed primary and secondary data from the Wassa East District Assembly (WEDA) to assess the progress so far in Ghana’s fiscal decentralisation and its effect on LED. The paper highlights the potential benefits of LED and the incapacitation of the District Assembly by the Central government for LED financing. The paper again reveals the effects of the constraints of fiscal decentralisation on LED at the local government level and makes policy recommendations towards effective fiscal decentralisation for improvement in LED.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of lateral buds from Phyllostachys edulis rhizome during germination and early shoot stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Shou ◽  
Yihua Zhu ◽  
Yulong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Meristem Development

Abstract Background: The vegetative growth is an important stage for plants when they conduct photosynthesis, accumulate and collect all resources needed and prepare for reproduction stage. Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plant species. The rapid growth of Phyllostachys edulis results from the expansion of intercalary meristem at the basal part of nodes, which are differentiated from the apical meristem of rhizome lateral buds. However, little is known about the major signaling pathways and players involved during this rapid development stage of bamboo. To study this question, we adopted the high-throughput sequencing technology and compared the transcriptomes of Moso bamboo rhizome buds in germination stage and late development stage. Results: We found that the development of Moso bamboo rhizome lateral buds was coordinated by multiple pathways, including meristem development, sugar metabolism and phytohormone signaling. Phytohormones have fundamental impacts on the plant development. We found the evidence of several major hormones participating in the development of Moso bamboo rhizome lateral bud. Furthermore, we showed direct evidence that Gibberellic Acids (GA) signaling participated in the Moso bamboo stem elongation. Conclusion: Significant changes occur in various signaling pathways during the development of rhizome lateral buds. It is crucial to understand how these changes are translated to Phyllostachys edulis fast growth. These results expand our knowledge on the Moso bamboo internodes fast growth and provide research basis for further study.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHASA NASIONAL DALAM UPAYA MENGHADAPI GENERASI MILENIAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintami Budi Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Technology And Culture ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Bahasa Indonesia dalam berbagai keperluan merupakan bahasa resmi negara Indonesia dan telah digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi lisan maupun tulis, baik formal maupun informal. Selain fungsi komunikasi, bahasa Indonesia juga berfungsi sebagai alat pemersatu bangsa Indonesia. Dewasa ini bahasa Indonesia dihadapkan pada perkembangan dunia yang begitu pesat, termasuk perkembangan teknologi informasi dan kebudayaan yang begitu mengkhawatirkan. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan kebudayaan tersebut menuntut bangsa Indonesia untuk bekerja keras, dan secara aktif mempersiapkan diri mengejar ketinggalan yang ada dari berbagai aspek kehidupan, dan termasuk mengantisipasi perkembangan informasi dan budaya yang mengglobal. Salah satu dampak dari globalisasi ini adalah penggunaan Bahasa Inggris yang dianggap lebih berkelas dan memiliki nilai kebanggaan tersendiri oleh kaum milenial. Salah satu dampak positifnya yaitu akan memudahkan bagi para milenial untuk berkomunikasi secara internasional. Di sisi lain, dampak negative daripadanya yaitu loyalitas pembelajar terhadap bahasa Indonesia menjadi berkukurang, bahkan akan menjadi luntur. Bagaimana kiat bangsa Indonesia untuk mengejar ketinggalan dari bangsa lain dan bagaimana kiatnya agar bangsa Indonesia tetap mencintai bangsanya dan termasuk bahasanya, tentunya harus adanya kerja keras dan kepedulian dari seluruh komponen bangsa Indonesia.Abstract: Indonesian language in many purposes as the official language of Indonesian has been used as an oral and written communicate, both formal and informal. Besides being a communication tool, Indonesian language also serves as a unifying tool for Indonesian. In this era, Indonesian language is faced with a very rapid development of the world, including the development of information technology and culture that are so worrying. With the rapid development of information technology and culture, it demands the Indonesian people to work hard and actively prepare to catch up with the existing aspects of life, including anticipating information development and a globalized culture. One of the positive impact is easier for international communication. Meanwhile, the negative impact is predicted to be the learner's loyalty towards Indonesian language to be reduced and will even fade. How do Indonesian people try to catch up with other nations and how do they try to keep the Indonesian people in love with their nation and including their language, of course, there must be hard work and care for all components of the Indonesian nation.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU BERBASIS BUDAYA DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
Roy Wentas
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Global Trend

The progress of science and technology tends to give rise to differences between the older generation and the younger generation. Therefore learn the value orientation among young people and learners, especially the attitude of diversity is certainly important. Coaching youth as the next generation is a shared responsibility between families, communities and the nation state. Religious Education can run and practice the teachings of Hinduism so that the formation budhi noble character and noble morals. In the holy book, Bhagavadgita stated two trends affect the human character, the properties of all devata's (daivi sampat) and properties of giant (asuri sampat). Both of these trends are directly or indirectly will shape human character. The rapid development of science and technology these days have influenced the characters of the children, who are faced with heavy challenges. Teaching children should be then directed towards strenghtening their morals. Regarding that, it needs a neo-traditional norm that is based on the traditional origins. The Hindu education could become the normative agent that builds any modern Indonesian characters through their local wisdoms that are motivative to the children. On the instrumental level, the primary values to be taught are autonomy, dignity, creativity, morality, pride, and sense of aesthetics, and democracy awareness. They should preserve the local cultural heritage, including the languages and the arts, while adapting the global trend. As the educators, the teachers at schools as well as the parents at homes must be the role models whose responsibilities and disciplines are followed

scholarly journals RENCANA AKSI NASIONAL BELA NEGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Agus Subagyo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Government Level

This article aims to explain the 2018-2019 state defense action plan in Presidential Instruction No. 7 of 2018 which mandates all ministries, non-ministerial government agencies, and local governments to take action to defend the country through three stages, namely the stages of socialization, internalization, and movement action. The dilution of the state defense action plan at the central government level has been very active, however, at the level of the reverent regional government it has not yet been felt, especially with the existence of regional autonomy where the central government is not necessarily able to "control" the regional government, so that all this needs attention parties, to see the perspective of the regional government in implementing the state defense action plan.

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