scholarly journals The Effect of Foliar Putrescine Application, Ammonium Exposure, and Heat Stress on Antioxidant Compounds in Cauliflower Waste

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Jacinta Collado-González ◽  
Maria Carmen Piñero ◽  
Ginés Otálora ◽  
Josefa López-Marín ◽  
Francisco M. del Amor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heat Effects

This work has been focused on the study of how we can affect the short heat stress on the bioactive compounds content. Some recent investigations have observed that management of nitrogen fertilization can alleviate short-term heat effects on plants. Additionally, the short-term heat stress can be also ameliorated by using putrescine, a polyamine, due to its crucial role in the adaptation of plants to heat stress Therefore, different NO3−/NH4+ ratios and a foliar putrescine treatment have been used in order to increase tolerance to thermal stress in order to take advantage of the more frequent and intense heat waves and make this crop more sustainable. So, other objective of this work is to make the cauliflower waste more attractive for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical preparations. Thus, the effect of a thermal stress combined with a 50:50 NO3−/NH4+ ratio in the nutrient solution, and the foliar application of 2.5 mM putrescine increased in the content of various sugars (inositol, glucose, and fructose), total phenolic compounds and polyamines, as well as in the antioxidant activity. The greatest accumulation of these compounds was observed in young leaves. Our results show from a physiological and agronomic point of view, that the foliar application of putrescine and the 50:50 NO3−/NH4+ treatment managed to alleviate the negative effects of the abiotic stress suffered at high temperature, yielding plants with higher antioxidant compounds content.

scholarly journals Verification of Heat Stress Thresholds for a Health-Based Heat-Wave Definition

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Di Napoli ◽  
Florian Pappenberger ◽  
Hannah L. Cloke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Warning System ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Maximum Heat

AbstractHeat waves represent a threat to human health and excess mortality is one of the associated negative effects. A health-based definition for heat waves is therefore relevant, especially for early warning purposes, and it is here investigated via the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The UTCI is a bioclimate index elaborated via an advanced model of human thermoregulation that estimates the thermal stress induced by air temperature, wind speed, moisture, and radiation on the human physiology. Using France as a test bed, the UTCI was computed from meteorological reanalysis data to assess the thermal stress conditions associated with heat-attributable excess mortality in five cities. UTCI values at different climatological percentiles were defined and evaluated in their ability to identify periods of excess mortality (PEMs) over 24 years. Using verification metrics such as the probability of detection (POD), the false alarm ratio (FAR), and the frequency bias (FB), daily minimum and maximum heat stress levels equal to or above corresponding UTCI 95th percentiles (15° ± 2°C and 34.5° ± 1.5°C, respectively) for 3 consecutive days are demonstrated to correlate to PEMs with the highest sensitivity and specificity (0.69 ≤ POD ≤ 1, 0.19 ≤ FAR ≤ 0.46, 1 ≤ FB ≤ 1.48) than minimum, maximum, and mean heat stress level singularly and other bioclimatological percentiles. This finding confirms the detrimental effect of prolonged, unusually high heat stress at day- and nighttime and suggests the UTCI 95th percentile as a health-meaningful threshold for a potential heat-health watch warning system.

scholarly journals Pilot Cultivation of the Vulnerable Cretan Endemic Verbascum arcturus L. (Scrophulariaceae): Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Quality Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14030
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Paschalidis ◽  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Georgios Tsaniklidis ◽  
Vasileios A. Tzanakakis ◽  
Fotis Bilias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
First Time

The domestication of wild-growing plants, including cultivation and fertilization protocols, is able to alleviate the ecological risks posed by the uncontrolled harvesting of range-restricted local endemic plants. In this field study focused on Verbascum arcturus, a vulnerable local endemic of Crete (Greece), the effect of two kinds of fertilization applied by two methods (foliar/root) was investigated. The foliar application included conventional or integrated nutrient management (INM) fertilization. Root application included the application of conventional fertilizers, biostimulants, or INM with biostimulants. Several properties of plant growth, physiology and nutrition were determined. The results showed that fertilization treatment affected neither leaf color and shape nor plant growth, morphology, dry mass partitioning or nutrient content. However, both kinds of foliar-applied fertilization enhanced Zn and B in leaves and soil-applied biostimulant increased leaf Ca. Considering both chlorophyll and antioxidant compounds’ content, foliar application of the INM fertilizers, as well as soil application of the conventional fertilizers or biostimulants, could be considered as accepted options. This study reports for the first time an assessment of the total phenolic and flavonoids content evidenced in V. arcturus and encourages the use of fertilization in promoting the herbal antioxidant profile without compromising visual quality or yield. The findings of this study could be considered as a documented contribution toward the sustainable exploitation of V. arcturus.

Foliar application of putrescine before a short‐term heat stress improves the quality of melon fruits ( Cucumis melo L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Carmen Piñero ◽  
Ginés Otálora ◽  
Jacinta Collado ◽  
Josefa López‐Marín ◽  
Francisco M Amor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

scholarly journals Coral cover surveys corroborate predictions on reef adaptive potential to thermal stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Selmoni ◽  
Gaël Lecellier ◽  
Laurent Vigliola ◽  
Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier ◽  
Stéphane Joost
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Potential

AbstractAs anomalous heat waves are causing the widespread decline of coral reefs worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify coral populations tolerant to thermal stress. Heat stress adaptive potential is the degree of tolerance expected from evolutionary processes and, for a given reef, depends on the arrival of propagules from reefs exposed to recurrent thermal stress. For this reason, assessing spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and reef connectivity is of paramount importance to inform conservation strategies.In this work, we applied a seascape genomics framework to characterize the spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and connectivity for coral reefs of New Caledonia (Southern Pacific). In this approach, remote sensing of seascape conditions was combined with genomic data from three coral species. For every reef of the region, we computed a probability of heat stress adaptation, and two indices forecasting inbound and outbound connectivity. We then compared our indicators to field survey data, and observed that decrease of coral cover after heat stress was lower at reefs predicted with high probability of adaptation and inbound connectivity. Last, we discussed how these indicators can be used to inform local conservation strategies and preserve the adaptive potential of New Caledonian reefs.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Physiological Response of Durum Wheat Grain to Short-Term Heat Stress during Early Grain Filling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Arenas-M ◽  
Francisca M. Castillo ◽  
Diego Godoy ◽  
Javier Canales ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wheat Grains

In a changing climate, extreme weather events such as heat waves will be more frequent and could affect grain weight and the quality of crops such as wheat, one of the most significant crops in terms of global food security. In this work, we characterized the response of Triticum turgidum spp. durum wheat to a short-term heat-stress (HS) treatment at transcriptomic and physiological levels during early grain filling in glasshouse experiments. We found a significant reduction in grain weight and size from HS treatment. Grain quality was also affected, showing a decrease in starch content in addition to increments in grain protein levels. Moreover, an RNA-seq analysis of durum wheat grains allowed us to identify 1590 differentially expressed genes related to photosynthesis, response to heat, and carbohydrate metabolic process. A gene regulatory network analysis of HS-responsive genes uncovered novel transcription factors (TFs) controlling the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress response and grain quality, such as a member of the DOF family predicted to regulate glycogen and starch biosynthetic processes in response to HS in grains. In summary, our results provide new insights into the extensive transcriptome reprogramming that occurs during short-term HS in durum wheat grains.

scholarly journals Response of Urban Heat Stress to Heat Waves in Athens (1960–2017)

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Katavoutas ◽  
Dimitra Founda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Urban Sites

The increasing frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves seem to follow the observed global warming in recent decades. Vulnerability to heat waves is expected to increase in urban environments mainly due to population density and the effect of the urban heat island that make cities hotter than surrounding non-urban areas. The present study focuses on a vulnerable area of the eastern Mediterranean, already characterized as a ‘hot spot’ with respect to heat-related risk and investigates the change in heat stress levels during heat wave compared to non-heat wave conditions as well as the way that heat stress levels respond to heat waves in urban, compared to non-urban, environments. The adoption of a metric accounting for both the intensity and duration of the hot event yielded a total of 46 heat wave episodes over a nearly 60-year period, but with very rare occurrence until the late 1990s and a profound increased frequency thereafter. The results reveal a difference of at least one thermal stress category between heat wave and non-heat wave periods, which is apparent across the entire range of the thermal stress distribution. The analysis demonstrates a robust intensification of nighttime heat stress conditions in urban, compared to non-urban, sites during severe heat waves. Nevertheless, severe heat waves almost equalize heat stress conditions between urban and non-urban sites during midday.

scholarly journals Adaptive Response of a Native Mediterranean Grapevine Cultivar Upon Short-Term Exposure to Drought and Heat Stress in the Context of Climate Change

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis ◽  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Aziz Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change on viticulture is of major importance. Several international and indigenous grapevine cultivars have been examined for their adaptive performance to drought and heat stresses. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well known. In the present study we examined the short-term effects of light and moderate drought stress (DS) as well as heat stress (HS) on physiological and biochemical attributes in two grapevine cultivars: Chardonnay (international) and Xynisteri, an indigenous adapted to the specific Cypriot microclimate. Xynisteri plants exhibited decreasing leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate as well as increasing total phenols and antioxidant capacity under DS conditions. These reactions were concomitant to a rapid accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in leaves, associated to an increase of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity. However, Chardonnay plants did not exhibit the same responses as Xynisteri against DS (i.e., stomatal closure, total phenolics and antioxidants) over the first four days. Additionally, Chardonnay showed leaf damage with increased lipid peroxidation levels and activation of catalase and peroxidase. Interestingly, HS increased leaf stomatal conductance and decreased total phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in Chardonnay after 20 d of stress. In both cultivars, HS had milder effects compared to DS, and again Xynisteri showed better performance than Chardonnay in terms of damage index and antioxidative activities. Overall, Xynisteri adaptation to DS and HS was higher than that of Chardonnay, and both cultivars reacted more to the short-term DS than to HS. Although the Xynisteri performances under stress conditions provide an important resource for adaptation to stressful conditions, the impacts on earliness, yield and grape quality remain to be explored.

scholarly journals Coral cover surveys corroborate predictions on reef adaptive potential to thermal stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Selmoni ◽  
Gaël Lecellier ◽  
Laurent Vigliola ◽  
Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier ◽  
Stéphane Joost
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Potential

AbstractAs anomalous heat waves are causing the widespread decline of coral reefs worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify coral populations tolerant to thermal stress. Heat stress adaptive potential is the degree of tolerance expected from evolutionary processes and, for a given reef, depends on the arrival of propagules from reefs exposed to recurrent thermal stress. For this reason, assessing spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and reef connectivity is of paramount importance to inform conservation strategies. In this work, we applied a seascape genomics framework to characterize the spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and connectivity for coral reefs of New Caledonia (Southern Pacific). In this approach, remote sensing of seascape conditions was combined with genomic data from three coral species. For every reef of the region, we computed a probability of heat stress adaptation, and two indices forecasting inbound and outbound connectivity. We then compared our indicators to field survey data, and observed that decrease of coral cover after heat stress was lower at reefs predicted with high probability of adaptation and inbound connectivity. Last, we discussed how these indicators can be used to inform local conservation strategies and preserve the adaptive potential of New Caledonian reefs.

Short term heat stress and embryo mortality in the ewe

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Thwaites
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Embryonic Death

Groups of mature Merino ewes were exposed to high air temperatures in a hotroom for three-day periods beginning on days 1, 2, 3, or 4 of the cycle (oestrus=day O). A fifth group was similarly treated for seven days beginning on day 1. Controls were kept in similar housing, but at prevailing air temperatures (11-21�C). Returns to service were significantly increased only in the group which received heat treatment between days 1 and 7 (75 versus 19 per cent in controls). Comparable figures for ewes treated on days 1-4, 2-5, 3-6, and 4-7 were 50, 25, 37.5, and 37.5 per cent respectively. Ovum wastage was significantly increased above the control level of 13.6 per cent in only the day 1-7 and 1-4 hotroom groups (83.3 and 54.4 per cent respectively; P<0.001). The results confirm that the sheep embryo is most susceptible to maternal heat stress during the period immediately after mating. In most sheep breeding areas, however, air temperatures sufficiently high as to induce embryonic death normally occur only during short term 'heat waves'. The present results indicate that such conditions are capable of causing embryo death, but that due to differences in mating dates, only a small proportion of ewes in a flock are likely to be affected at any one time.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

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