scholarly journals Effects of Melatonin Supplementation during Pregnancy on Reproductive Performance, Maternal–Placental–Fetal Redox Status, and Placental Mitochondrial Function in a Sow Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Xie Peng ◽  
Xuelin Cai ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Yingyan Huang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Mrna Levels

Melatonin (MT) is a bio-antioxidant that has been widely used to prevent pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia and IUGR during gestation. This experiment evaluated the impacts of dietary MT supplementation during pregnancy on reproductive performance, maternal–placental–fetal redox status, placental inflammatory response, and mitochondrial function, and sought a possible underlying mechanism in the placenta. Sixteen fifth parity sows were divided into two groups and fed each day of the gestation period either a control diet or a diet that was the same but for 36 mg of MT. The results showed that dietary supplementation with MT increased placental weight, while the percentage of piglets born with weight < 900 g decreased. Meanwhile, serum and placental MT levels, maternal–placental–fetal redox status, and placental inflammatory response were increased by MT. In addition, dietary MT markedly increased the mRNA levels of nutrient transporters and antioxidant-related genes involved in the Nrf2/ARE pathway in the placenta. Furthermore, dietary MT significantly increased ATP and NAD+ levels, relative mtDNA content, and the protein expression of Sirt1 in the placenta. These results suggested that MT supplementation during gestation could improve maternal–placental–fetal redox status and reproductive performance by ameliorating placental antioxidant status, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Natural Extracts Mixture: Effects on Reproductive Performances, Blood Biochemical and Antioxidant Parameters in Rabbit Does

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Vizzarri ◽  
Sara Chiapparini ◽  
Carlo Corino ◽  
Donato Casamassima ◽  
Marisa Palazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Natural Extracts

AbstractThe present study evaluates the effects of natural extracts on reproductive performance, haematochemical parameters, and antioxidant status of rabbit does. A total of sixty New Zealand White second parity does were divided into three groups: the first group was fed a control diet (CON), the second (T1) and the third groups (T2) were fed the same diet supplemented with prebiotic polysaccharides from brown seaweeds (Laminaria spp.) plus phenolic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, and flavonoids from plant extracts (0.3% and 0.6%, respectively). The trial was conducted for two consecutive reproductive cycles (75 days). Reproductive performance was recorded. Blood samples were collected before the first insemination, 10 d after the first kindling, and 10 d after the second one. At the first reproductive cycle, productive parameters were negatively affected (P<0.05) by a high dosage of the dietary supplement (T2 group). At the second reproductive cycle, no differences (P>0.05) between dietary treatments on reproductive and productive performances were observed. Bilirubin was affected by dietary treatment (P<0.001) and decreased in relation to sampling time (P<0.001). The HDL cholesterol decreased by dietary treatment (P<0.01). All the plasma antioxidant markers were positively affected (P<0.001) by dietary supplementation and sampling time. No previous study has reported the effects of brown seaweeds and polyphenols on rabbit does and the present data shows that this natural extract supplement improved the antioxidant status of rabbit does.

scholarly journals Effects of purslane (<i>Portulaca oleracea</i> L.) powder on growth performance, blood indices, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens with triiodothyronine-induced ascites

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Habibian ◽  
Ghorbanali Sadeghi ◽  
Ahmad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Blood Indices

Abstract. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of purslane powder (PP) on performance, blood indices, and antioxidant status in broilers with triiodothyronine (T3)-induced ascites. In total, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The experimental diets included (i) a control diet, (ii) a control diet plus 1.5 mg kg−1 of T3 (T3 diet), (iii) a T3 diet with the addition of 1.5 g kg−1 of PP, and (iv) a T3 diet with the addition of 3 g kg−1 of PP. Feed intake and body weight were measured at 10, 24, 39, and 49 days of experiment. Blood and liver samples were collected from two birds in each replicate at 24 and 49 days of experiment. The T3-treated birds had higher (P < 0. 05) right ventricle to total ventricle (RV ∕ TV) ratio and mortality due to ascites compared with the control. In addition, during the entire experimental period (0 to 49 days of experiment) the T3-treated birds had lower (P < 0. 05) feed intake, body weight gain, and production efficiency index and higher (P < 0. 05) feed conversion ratio compared with the control. Dietary supplementation of PP reduced (P < 0. 05) mortality due to ascites and RV ∕ TV ratio, while the production efficiency index was increased (P < 0. 05) by the addition of PP to the diet. The T3-treated birds had higher (P < 0. 05) red blood cell counts, hematocrit percentage, and hemoglobin concentration compared with the control at 24 and 49 days of experiment. Dietary supplementation of PP substantially alleviated (P < 0. 05) the negative effects of T3 on hematocrit and hemoglobin values at both 24 and 49 days of experiment and on red blood cells counts at 49 days of experiment. The T3 birds showed an increase (P < 0. 05) in activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase at 49 days of experiment. However, the detrimental effect of T3 on alanine aminotransferase activity was attenuated (P < 0. 05) by dietary supplementation of PP. The plasma and liver activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were lower (P < 0. 05) in T3-treated birds compared with the control at 24 and 49 days of experiment, whereas malondialdehyde concentrations were elevated (P < 0. 05) by dietary T3 administration. Dietary supplementation of PP, especially at 3 g kg−1, increased (P < 0. 05) the plasma and liver activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced (P < 0. 05) the plasma and liver concentrations of malondialdehyde near to the control levels. It is concluded that the supplementation of 3 g kg−1 of PP in diet improves oxidative status and reduces ascites incidence in broiler chickens without impairing their growth performance.

scholarly journals Supplementation with N-Acetyl Cysteine Affects Motor and Cognitive Function in Young but Not Old Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
Uzoma S Ikonne ◽  
Philip H Vann ◽  
Jessica M Wong ◽  
Michael J Forster ◽  
Nathalie Sumien
Keyword(s):  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Old Mice

ABSTRACT Background N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a thiolic antioxidant that is thought to increase cellular glutathione (GSH) by augmenting the concentration of available cysteine, an essential precursor to GSH production. Manipulating redox status can affect brain function, and NAC intake has been associated with improving brain function in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Objectives The objective of the study was to determine if short-term dietary supplementation with NAC could ameliorate functional impairment associated with aging. Methods C57BL/6J male mice aged 6, 12, or 24 mo were fed a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 0.3% NAC for a total of 12 wk. After 4 wk of dietary supplementation, mice began a series of behavioral tests to measure spontaneous activity (locomotor activity test), psychomotor performance (bridge-walking and coordinated running), and cognitive capacity (Morris water maze and discriminated active avoidance). The performance of the mice on these tests was analyzed through the use of analyses of variance with Age and Diet as factors. Results Supplementation of NAC improved peak motor performance in a coordinated running task by 14% (P < 0.05), and increased the time spent around the platform by 24% in a Morris water maze at age 6 mo. However, the supplementation had no to minimal effect on the motor and cognitive functions of 12- and 24-mo-old mice. Conclusions The findings of this preclinical study support the claim that NAC has nootropic properties in 6-mo-old mice, but suggest that it may not be useful for improving motor and cognitive impairments in older mice.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with Capsicum and turmeric oleoresins increases resistance to necrotic enteritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hyen Lee ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj ◽  
Seung I. Jang ◽  
Erik P. Lillehoj ◽  
Wongi Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Mrna Levels

The Clostridium-related poultry disease, necrotic enteritis (NE), causes substantial economic losses on a global scale. In the present study, a mixture of two plant-derived phytonutrients, Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin (XT), was evaluated for its effects on local and systemic immune responses using a co-infection model of experimental NE in commercial broilers. Chickens were fed from hatch with a diet supplemented with XT, or with a non-supplemented control diet, and either uninfected or orally challenged with virulent Eimeria maxima oocysts at 14 d and Clostridium perfringens at 18 d of age. Parameters of protective immunity were as follows: (1) body weight; (2) gut lesions; (3) serum levels of C. perfringens α-toxin and NE B-like (NetB) toxin; (4) serum levels of antibodies to α-toxin and NetB toxin; (5) levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestine and spleen. Infected chickens fed the XT-supplemented diet had increased body weight and reduced gut lesion scores compared with infected birds given the non-supplemented diet. The XT-fed group also displayed decreased serum α-toxin levels and reduced intestinal IL-8, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF), IL-17A and IL-17F mRNA levels, while cytokine/chemokine levels in splenocytes increased in the XT-fed group, compared with the animals fed the control diet. In conclusion, the present study documents the molecular and cellular immune changes following dietary supplementation with extracts of Capsicum and turmeric that may be relevant to protective immunity against avian NE.

scholarly journals Responses of Vaginal Microbiota to Dietary Supplementation with Lysozyme and its Relationship with Rectal Microbiota and Sow Performance from Late Gestation to Early Lactation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Shengyu Xu ◽  
Yanpeng Dong ◽  
Jiankai Shi ◽  
Zimei Li ◽  
Lianqiang Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Early Lactation

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lysozyme (LZM) supplementation on the vaginal microbiota, as well as the relationship between vaginal microbiota and the fecal microbiota of rectum and the reproductive performance of the sow. A total of 60 Yorkshire × Landrace sows (3–6 of parity) were arranged from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation in a completely randomized design with three treatments (control diet, control diet + lysozyme 150 mg/kg, control diet + lysozyme 300 mg/kg). The results showed that sows fed with lysozyme increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10, p < 0.05) on day 7 of lactation. The vaginal microbiota varied at different taxonomic levels with LZM supplementation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The most representative changes included a decrease in Tenericutes, Streptococcus, Bacillus and increase in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). There were 777 OTUs existing in both, vaginal and fecal microbiota. The addition of LZM also decreased the abundance of Tenericutes (p < 0.05) in the vagina and feces. The changes in the microbiota were correlated in some cases positively with the performance of the sow, for example, Bacillus in feces was positively correlated with the neonatal weight (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the addition of lysozyme to the diet of sow during perinatal period promote the change of vaginal bacterial community after farrowing. The variations in vaginal microbiota are also associated with the changes in the fecal microbiology of the rectum and the reproductive performance of the sow. Therefore, it is concluded that dietary supplementation with lysozyme in sows in late gestation stage until early lactation, is beneficial to establish vaginal microbiota that seems to promote maternal health and reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Putrescine mitigates intestinal atrophy through suppressing inflammatory response in weanling piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangmin Liu ◽  
Xianren Jiang ◽  
Long Cai ◽  
Xuemei Zhao ◽  
Zhaolai Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Intestinal Atrophy ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Abstract Background Polyamines are essential for cell growth and beneficial for intestinal maturation. To evaluate the effects of putrescine on alleviating intestinal atrophy and underlying molecular mechanisms, both in vivo feeding trial and in vitro cell culture were conducted. Weanling pigs were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.3% putrescine dihydrochloride, whereas porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of 200 μmol/L putrescine. Results Dietary supplementation with 0.2% putrescine dihydrochloride decreased the incidence of diarrhea with an improvement in intestinal integrity. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity decreased the proliferation and migration of IPEC-J2 cells, and this effect was alleviated by the supplementation with putrescine. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase and focal adhesion kinase was enhanced by putrescine. LPS increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8], and inhibited cell proliferation and migration in IPEC-J2 cells. Adding exogenous putrescine suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and recovered cell migration and proliferation in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells. Dietary putrescine supplementation also reduced the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and their upstream regulator nuclear receptor kappa B p65 subunit in the jejunal mucosa of piglets. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with putrescine mitigated mucosal atrophy in weanling piglets through improving anti-inflammatory function and suppressing inflammatory response. Our results have important implications for nutritional management of intestinal integrity and health in weanling piglets and other neonates.

Supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate and vitamin C: improving gestation and lactation outcomes in sows under heat stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Feng ◽  
Jiahua Bai ◽  
Xiaoling Xu ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Zheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) or NCG in combination with vitamin C on the gestation and lactation of sows under heat stress during summer. The experiment lasted 51 days from the last month of gestation to weaning (Day 21 of lactation) and involved 100 Yorkshire sows, divided into four groups, fed as follows: (1) Control diet, (2) Control diet plus 0.05% NCG, (3) Control diet plus 0.05% vitamin C, and (4) Control diet plus 0.05% NCG and 0.05% vitamin C. The reproductive performances and partial serum indicators of sows were measured. The results indicated that either NCG or vitamin C administration can ameliorate heat stress and improve the reproductive performance of sows during summer. When administering NCG and vitamin C, litter weights (16.12/13.86 kg, P < 0.05) and average weights of living piglets (1.56/1.34 kg, P < 0.05), rather than numbers born alive (10.47/10.30 head, P > 0.05), were greatly increased at farrowing, and subsequently litter weights (59.69/48.61 kg, P < 0.05) and average weights of living piglets (6.00/5.16 kg, P < 0.05) at weaning were greatly increased in comparison with Controls. The combinational additives can decrease malonaldehyde and cortisol levels, and enhance immunoglobulin G level in the maternal circulation, as well as decrease the respiration rate and increase feed intake of sows. The results demonstrate that NCG in combination with vitamin C can enhance piglet weight rather than number during gestation and lactation and has important implications for anti-heat stress during summer.

scholarly journals L-Tryptophan Enhances Intestinal Integrity in Diquat-Challenged Piglets Associated with Improvement of Redox Status and Mitochondrial Function

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Liu ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Honglin Yan ◽  
Hongfu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Integrity

Tryptophan (Trp) supplementation has been shown to improve growth performance and enhance intestinal integrity in piglets. However, the effects of dietary Trp supplementation on the intestinal barrier function in piglets exposed to oxidative stress remain unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate whether dietary Trp supplementation can attenuate intestinal injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction of piglets caused by diquat injection. Thirty-two piglets at 25 days of age were randomly allocated to four groups: (1) the non-challenged control; (2) diquat-challenged control; (3) 0.15% Trp-supplemented diet + diquat; (4) 0.30% Trp supplemented diet + diquat. On day seven, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with sterilized saline or diquat (10 mg/kg body weight). The experiment lasted 21 days. Dietary supplementation with 0.15% Trp improved growth performance of diquat-challenged piglets from day 7 to 21. Diquat induced an increased intestinal permeability, impaired antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although dietary supplementation with 0.15% Trp ameliorated these negative effects induced by diquat challenge that showed decreasing permeability of 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, increasing antioxidant indexes, and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Results indicated that dietary supplementation with 0.15% Trp enhanced intestinal integrity, restored the redox status, and improved the mitochondrial function of piglets challenged with diquat.

scholarly journals Chronic Dietary Supplementation of 4% Figs on the Modification of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease Transgenic Mouse Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvaraju Subash ◽  
Musthafa Mohamed Essa ◽  
Abdullah Al-Asmi ◽  
Samir Al-Adawi ◽  
Ragini Vaishnav
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Membrane Bound Enzymes

We assessed the changes in the plasma Aβ, oxidative stress/antioxidants, and membrane bound enzymes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) transgenic mice (Tg2576) after dietary supplementation of Omani figs fruits for 15 months along with spatial memory and learning test. AD Tg mice on control diet without figs showed significant impairment in spatial learning ability compared to the wild-type mice on same diet and figs fed Tg mice as well. Significant increase in oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status were observed in AD Tg mice. 4% figs treated AD Tg mice significantly attenuated oxidative damage, as evident by decreased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls and restoration of antioxidant status. Altered activities of membrane bound enzymes (Na+K+ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) in AD Tg mice brain regions and was restored by figs treatment. Further, figs supplementation might be able to decrease the plasma levels of Aβ(1–40, 1–42) significantly in Tg mice suggesting a putative delay in the formation of plaques, which might be due to the presence of high natural antioxidants in figs. But this study warrants further extensive investigation to find a novel lead for a therapeutic target for AD from figs.

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