scholarly journals Dietary Flavonoids for Immunoregulation and Cancer: Food Design for Targeting Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis ◽  
Arti Parihar ◽  
Andrea Doseff
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Food Design ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Flavonoids, one of the most abundant phytochemicals in a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, have been recognized as possessing anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic activities. Numerous cellular and animal-based studies show that flavonoids can function as antioxidants by preventing DNA damage and scavenging reactive oxygen radicals, inhibiting formation of DNA adducts, enhancing DNA repair, interfering with chemical damage by induction of Phase II enzymes, and modifying signaling pathways. Recent evidence also shows their ability to regulate the immune system. However, findings from clinical trials have been mixed with no clear consensus on dose, frequency, or type of flavonoids best suited to elicit many of the beneficial effects. Delivery of these bioactive compounds to their biological targets through “targeted designed” food processing strategies is critical to reach effective concentration in vivo. Thus, the identification of novel approaches that optimize flavonoid bioavailability is essential for their successful clinical application. In this review, we discuss the relevance of increasing flavonoid bioavailability, by agricultural engineering and “targeted food design” in the context of the immune system and cancer.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Martín ◽  
Sonia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Properties

Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Yaseen Hussain ◽  
Sepideh Mirzaei ◽  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Kiavash Hushmandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Prostate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care is unlikely to produce adequate outcomes. The synthetic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical practice face several challenges. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Apart from its beneficial effects, its plays a key role as an anti-cancer agent. Quercetin has shown anticancer potential, both alone and in combination. Therefore, the current study was designed to collect information from the literature regarding its therapeutic significance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Studies performed both in vitro and in vivo have confirmed that quercetin effectively prevents prostate cancer through different underlying mechanisms. Promising findings have also been achieved in clinical trials regarding the pharmacokinetics and human applications of quercetin. In the meantime, epidemiological studies have shown a negative correlation between the consumption of quercetin and the incidence of prostate cancer, and have indicated a chemopreventive effect of quercetin on prostate cancer in animal models. The major issues associated with quercetin are its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and these require priority attention. Chemoresistance is another main negative feature concerning prostate cancer treatment. This review highlights the chemotherapeutic effect, chemo preventive effect, and chemoresistance elimination potential of quercetin in prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms for elimination of prostate cancer and eradication of resistance, either alone or in combination with other agents, are also discussed. In addition, the nanoscale delivery of quercetin is underpinned along with possible directions for future study.

scholarly journals Suppression of Hepatic Lipogenesis and Enhancement of β-oxidation in Skeletal Muscle by Betulinic Acid Lead to the Reduction of Body Adiposity and Dyslipidemia in Mice (P21-043-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyung Kim ◽  
Gwang-woong Go
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Body Adiposity

Abstract Objectives Betulinic acid (BA) exists as a lipophilic conformation in nature, rich in fruits and vegetables, especially the bark of birch wood. Beneficial effects of BA on cancer, oxidative stress, and inflammation were previously reported. Studies of BA for anti-obesity and dyslipidemia have been recently emerged, however the outcomes are still not conclusive. We tested if BA improves obesity and/or dyslipidemia by incorporated mechanism of liver and skeletal muscle in vivo. Methods Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed Western type diet (45% kcal from fat with 1.25% cholesterol) ad libitum for 12 weeks. Mice were allocated into five groups: (−) control, BA 5 mg/kg, BA 15 mg/kg, BA 25 mg/kg, and fenofibrate as a (+) control. BA was orally administered every day. For proved phenotype alteration, we analyzed mRNA and protein expressions linked to lipogenesis and β-oxidation. Results Growth performance including final body weight, weight gain, and feed intake were not altered by BA. Body fat mass was decreased by all BA treated groups (P < 0.01) without changes of lean mass. Energy expenditure contributed by β-oxidation was increased by BA 25 (P < 0.001). Serum lipid profiles including triglyceride, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were significantly improved by all BA treated groups (P < 0.001). Lipid accumulation in the liver was reduced by BA 15 and 25 (all P < 0.001). The mRNA expressions of Acc1and Scd1were dose-dependently suppressed by betulinic acid in liver (P < 0.05). SREBP1 was diminished by BA treated groups (all P < 0.05). FAS showed reduced tendency by BA (P = 0.06). In protein levels, ACC1 and SCD1 were inhibited by BA treated groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). FAS and SREBP1 tended to be reduced by BA (P = 0.40 and P = 0.70). LPL and CPT1, β-oxidation markers in skeletal muscle, were activated by BA 25 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). The activation of CPT1 was influenced by stimulating of AMPK-pT172 and ACC1-pS79 (all P < 0.05). Taken together, BA inhibitedde novolipogenesis in the liver and upregulated key proteins related to β-oxidation in skeletal muscle, contributing to the prevention of obesity and dyslipidemia. Conclusions We suggest that BA is a potent nutraceutical for prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic diseases including obesity and dyslipidemia. Funding Sources National Research Foundation of Korea.

scholarly journals Dietary flavonoids as intracellular substrates for an erythrocyte trans-plasma membrane oxidoreductase activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Fiorani ◽  
Augusto Accorsi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

The plasma membrane oxidoreductase (PMOR) activity, which mainly utilises ascorbate as intracellular electron donor, represents a major mechanism for cell-dependent reduction of extracellular oxidants and might be an important process used by the erythrocytes to keep a reduced plasma environment. We previously reported that in human erythrocytes, myricetin and quercetin act as intracellular substrates of a PMOR showing a novel mechanism whereby these flavonoids could exert beneficial effects under oxidative stress conditions. Here, we evaluated the ability of different flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, morin, kaempferol, fisetin, catechin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, rutin, taxifolin, naringenin, genistein) and of two in vivoO-methylated metabolites of quercetin (isorhamnetin and tamarixetin) to be substrates of PMOR, by comparing their antioxidant capacity (i.e. direct interaction with the oxidant ferricyanide or with the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) with their ability to penetrate the erythrocytes and donate electrons to the PMOR. The results obtained indicate that, although most of the flavonoids display significant antioxidant activities, only those (quercetin, myricetin, fisetin) that combine the cathecol structure of the B ring (responsible for the reducing activity) with the 2,3 double bond and 4-oxo function of the C ring (responsible for the uptake by erythrocytes) can act as intracellular substrates for PMOR. It is of note that the metabolites of quercetin enter erythrocytes and donate electrons to the PMOR as the parent compound. The present data show a relationship between the flavonoid structures and their ability to provide electrons to the PMOR, suggesting an additional mechanism whereby dietary flavonoids may exert beneficial effects in man.

scholarly journals Resveratrol: Evidence for Its Nephroprotective Effect in Diabetic Nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemana Gowd ◽  
Qingzheng Kang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

ABSTRACT Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Dietary habits play a major role in determining the onset and progression of DM-related disorders and a proper diet (rich in fruits and vegetables) can delay or prevent the process of DM pathogenesis. Thus, increasing attention has been paid to polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods since their increased intake has been associated with a reduced incidence of DM and its associated complications. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that is mainly found in grapevines and berries. It is available in various pharmaceutical dosages and is widely recommended as a dietary supplement due to its beneficial effects. Remarkably, resveratrol's capability to effectively lower blood glucose levels without any side effects has been amply demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Herein, we comprehensively review and discuss the nephroprotective effect of resveratrol during DN and its associated mechanisms. Resveratrol exerts its nephroprotective effects via various mechanisms including reducing oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) production, stimulating autophagy, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, ameliorating lipotoxicity, activating the AMP kinase (AMPK) pathway, and modulating angiogenesis. Moreover, the use of resveratrol as an adjuvant to conventional antidiabetic therapies could be an effective approach to manage DN in humans. However, evidence is scarce to support whether resveratrol has beneficial effects in humans during DN. Therefore, clinical studies are warranted to elucidate resveratrol's role against DN.

scholarly journals β-Cryptoxanthin Reduces Body Fat and Increases Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Llopis ◽  
María Rodrigo ◽  
Nuria González ◽  
Salvador Genovés ◽  
Lorenzo Zacarías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Stress Dose ◽  
Β Carotene

β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) is a major dietary pro-vitamin A carotenoid, found mainly in fruits and vegetables. Several studies showed the beneficial effects of BCX on different aspects of human health. In spite of the evidence, the molecular mechanisms of action of BCX need to be further investigated. The Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to analyze in vivo the activity of BCX on fat reduction and protection to oxidative stress. Dose-response assays provided evidence of the efficacy of BCX at very low dose (0.025 µg/mL) (p < 0.001) on these processes. Moreover, a comparative analysis with other carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, showed a stronger effect of BCX. Furthermore, a transcriptomic analysis of wild-type nematodes supplemented with BCX revealed upregulation of the energy metabolism, response to stress, and protein homeostasis as the main metabolic targets of this xanthophyll. Collectively, this study provides new in vivo evidence of the potential therapeutic use of BCX in the prevention of diseases related to metabolic syndrome and aging.

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽  
Kamila Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

Hispidulin inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion by promoting autophagy via regulation of PPARγ activation in prostate cancer cells and xenograft models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Shanqi Guo ◽  
Yingjie Jia ◽  
Xiaoyu Yu ◽  
Ruiyu Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Xenograft Models ◽  
And Migration

ABSTRACT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the important factors of cancer deaths especially in the western countries. Hispidulin (4′,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) is a phenolic flavonoid compound proved to possess anticancer properties, but its effects on PCa are left to be released. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects and the relative mechanisms of Hispidulin on PCa development. Hispidulin administration inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration, while accelerated apoptosis in Du145 and VCaP cells, which was accompanied by PPARγ activation and autophagy enhancement. The beneficial effects of Hispidulin could be diminished by PPARγ inhibition. Besides, Hispidulin administration suppressed PCa tumorigenicity in Xenograft models, indicating the anticancer properties in vivo. Therefore, our work revealed that the anticancer properties of Hispidulin might be conferred by its activation on PPARγ and autophagy.

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