scholarly journals Remediation of Aviation Kerosene-Contaminated Soil by Sophorolipids from Candida bombicola CB 2107

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Torsha Goswami ◽  
Filip M. G. Tack ◽  
Lenka McGachy ◽  
Marek Šír
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Candida Bombicola ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Synthetic Surfactants

Yeast-derived biosurfactants may substitute or complement chemical surfactants as green reagents to extract petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil. The effectiveness of contaminant clean-up by sophorolipids was tested on kerosene-contaminated soil with reference to traditional synthetic surfactants. The sophorolipids produced by the yeast Candida bombicola CB 2107, cultivated with the carbon sources 10 g/L glucose and 10 g/L rapeseed oil, were most effective in contaminant removal. This biosurfactant revealed a critical micelle concentration of 108 mg/L which was close to that of Triton X-100 (103 mg/L), the synthetic surfactant considered as reference. It outperformed Triton X-100 in reducing kerosene concentrations (C10–C40) in contaminated soils. In a soil initially containing 1080 mg/kg of C10–C40, the concentration was reduced to 350 mg/kg using the biosurfactant, and to 670 mg/kg using Triton-X. In the soil with initial concentration of 472 mg/kg, concentrations were reduced to 285 and 300 mg/kg for biosurfactant and Triton X-100, respectively. Sophorolipids have the potential to replace synthetic surfactants. Properties and performance of the biosurfactants, however, strongly differ depending on the yeast and the growing conditions during production.

scholarly journals Use of Silicon Dioxide Encapsulation Method for Restoration of Oil-Polluted Soils

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Main Component

Purpose. Approbation of the method of encapsulation of silicon dioxide to restore the biological value of oil-contaminated soil. Methods. The encapsulating solution was prepared using sodium silicate (7% w. / vol.) as the main component and a synthetic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate). To restore the contaminated soil, a treatment solution ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 was used for sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. Phytotoxicity of oil-contaminated soil was determined by biotesting aqueous extracts from the soil. Results. The most optimized for use from the studied ratios of substances is a solution consisting of 2 parts: sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The lowest phytotoxic effect (17%) was recorded at pH of 5 of the treated soil and the ratio of solution components 1:2 (sodium silicate / sodium dodecyl sulfate). In the experiments, 2 species of monocotyledons (oats, corn) and 2 species of dicotyledonous plants (lettuce, black radish) were used. Conclusions. The technology of encapsulation of silicon dioxide in the treatment of oil-contaminated soils with a solution of sodium silicate and sodium dodecyl sulfate is quite economically attractive. The material formed as a result of the encapsulation process dries, forming an amorphous silica material, within which, in our opinion, hydrocarbons and heavy metals accumulate, but further research is needed for such a statement.

scholarly journals Potential of Salicylic Acid and Synthetic Surfactant on Anthracene and Fluoranthene Remediation by Impatiens Balsamina

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanitta SOMTRAKOON ◽  
Waraporn CHOUYCHAI
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Unplanted Soil ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Synthetic Surfactants

Plant growth regulators and synthetic surfactants are choices for enhancing the efficiency of PAH phytoremediation. In this study, the use of salicylic acid alone, surfactant alone (Triton X-100 or Tween 80), or salicylic acid together with Triton X-100 or Tween 80 on anthracene and fluoranthene removal by Impatiens balsamina were investigated. On days 15 and 30 of the experiment, the spraying of salicylic acid as 0.01 mM and watering of 1X CMC of Triton X-100 or Tween 80 were performed. Then, the plant growth parameters and anthracene or fluoranthene remaining in the soil were analyzed on day 45 of the experiment. The results revealed that I. balsamina did not enhance anthracene (77.4 % remained) and fluoranthene (74.6 % remained) removal when compared with unplanted soil (63.8 % of anthracene and 70.0 % of fluoranthene remained). Salicylic acid spraying in combination with watering of Triton X-100 (47.1 % anthracene remained) or Tween 80 (59.7 % anthracene remained) enhanced anthracene removal in unplanted soil; however, enhanced fluoranthene removal was not observed. In planted soil, salicylic acid spraying alone, Tween 80 watering alone or salicylic acid spraying in combination with synthetic surfactant (Triton X-100 or Tween 80) watering slightly enhanced anthracene removal (54.9-58.0 % of anthracene remained) but not fluoranthene (67.9 - 81.9 % of fluoranthene remained). The results revealed that planting contaminated soil with I. balsamina was not suitable to stimulate anthracene and fluoranthene degradation in this study. Biostimulation of unplanted soil with synthetic surfactant and salicylic acid was suitable to stimulate the removal of anthracene from the soil.

scholarly journals Optimization and Performance Test of Oil Spill Dispersant at Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil with Heavy Oil by Bioslurry Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohamad Yani ◽  
Agung Dhamar Syakti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
And Performance

Petroleum industry activities produce waste such as petroleum hydrocarbons which damage to the soil environment due to changes in soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD) is a product that can break down waste of oil into small parts so that it can be dispersed naturally. Laboratory experiments aimed to find out optimize and performance test of OSD in the process of bioremediation with using bio-slurry technique on contaminated soil with heavy oil was carried out at Laboratory of Surfactant and Bio-energy Research Center (SBRC), Research and Community Service Institute of Bogor Agricultural University on January - August 2018 using contaminated soil with heavy oil. The experiment used Response Surface Method (RSM) with two factors, namely the incubation time factor (X1) and the Dispersant to oil ratio (DOR) (X2). The observed variables were soil Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), pH, total microbes, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at soil solution. The results showed that the treatment of incubation time and its combination with DOR significantly reduced soil TPH, increased soil acidity, and increased soil total B. megaterium, but did not significantly affect on COD in soil solutions. Optimization of OSD with RSM showed that the higher DOR of OSD and the longer the incubation time, the higher also the rate of biodegradation of TPH. The optimum conditions were reached at DOR of 1.16:1 and incubation time of 7 days which were able to degrade soil TPH of 54.30%. The optimum conditions of soil pH (8.825) was reached at DOR of 1:1 and incubation time of 5 days, as well as the optimum conditions of B. megaterium (8.35 log CFU g-1) was reached at DOR of 0.86:1 and incubation time of 7 days. Oil spill dispersant (OSD) increased COD in soil solution in both uncontaminated and contaminated soils with heavy oil.

Mass transfer limitation in PAH-contaminated soil remediation

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ick-Tae Yeom ◽  
Mriganka M. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Mass Transfer Limitation ◽  
Manufactured Gas Plant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
14Co2 Production ◽  
Triton X

Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Triton X-100, a nonionic phenolic ethoxylate surfactant, on the biodegradation of soil-bound naphthalene and phenanthrene. Two different types of soils, one contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for different lengths of time, 2 days to 10 months, in the laboratory and the other, a field-contaminated soil from a manufactured gas plant (MGP) site, were used. Biodegradation of PAHs was measured by monitoring the 14CO2 production for the artificially contaminated soils and the residual PAHs in soil phase for the MGP soil. Without adding surfactant, the mineralization rate of phenanthrene was significantly smaller in the 1 0-month contaminated soil compared to that in the 2-day contaminated soil. Presumably, mineralization was mass-transfer limited in the soil with longer contamination period. Triton X-100 significantly enhanced mineralization in the 10 month-old soil but none in the 2-day old soil. The MGP soil, weathered over 2-3 decades, exhibited even greater enhancement of mineralization. Mineralization of PAHs in aged soils appears to be controlled by mass transfer rather than the rate of biodegradation. Surfactants increase the rate of release of soil-bound contaminant and thus help promote biodegradation.

Surfactant-Enhanced Washing of Aged PAH Contaminated Soils: Comparison between Nonionic Surfactant and Anionic Surfactant

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Lian Li ◽  
Rong Hui Qu ◽  
Xue Mei Han ◽  
Jia Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Anionic Surfactant ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Triton X

Nonionic surfactants Triton X-100 (TX100), Triton X-305 and anionic surfactant SDS were used to desorb PAHs from contaminated soil. The surfactant loss due to sorption/ precipitation and PAH removal efficiency by each surfactant were evaluated. Due to sorption/precipitation, the apparent critical micelle concentration (CMCsoil) values for the 3 surfactants are 1.3-3.8 times their corresponding CMC values in aqueous solutions. The maximal surfactant loss follows the order of SDS>>TX100>TX305. The anionic surfactant SDS is quite different from nonionic surfactants TX100 and TX305 in PAH removal. SDS can effectively remove 3-ring PAHs at very low concentration, but is not so efficient for 5 or 6-ring PAHs. While for nonionic surfactants TX100 and TX305, the removal efficiencies of PAHs increased with increasing surfactant concentration. Nonionic surfactants at low concentration cannot facilitate PAH desorption, but enhance the retardation of PAHs in soil. While anionic surfactant SDS enhanced PAH desorption at all the concentrations.

Wetting of glass surface using natural surfactants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Surfactants ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Solid Liquid

Background: Surfactant adsorption at the interfaces (solid–liquid, liquid–air, or liquid–liquid) is receiving considerable attention from a long time due to its wide range of practical applications. Objective: Specifically wettability of solid surface by liquids is mainly measured by contact angle and has many practical importances where solid–liquid systems are used. Adsorption of surfactants plays an important role in the wetting process. The wetting behaviours of three plant-based natural surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai, and Acacia) on the glass surface are compared with one widely used nonionic synthetic surfactant (Triton X-100) and reported in this study. Methods: The dynamic contact angle study of three different types of plant surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai and Acacia) and one synthetic surfactant (Triton X 100) on the glass surface has been carried out. The effect of two different types of alcohols such as Methanol and amyl alcohol on wettability of shikakai, as it shows little higher value of contact angle on glass surface has been measured. Results: The contact angle measurements show that there is an increase in contact angle from 47° (pure water) to 67.72°, 65.57°, 68.84°, and 68.79° for Reetha, Acacia, Shikakai, and Triton X-100 respectively with the increase in surfactant concentration and remain constant at CMC. The change in contact angle of Shikakai-Amyl alcohol mixtures are slightly different than that of methanol-Shikakai mixture, mostly there is a gradual increase in contact angle with the increasing in alcohol concentration. Conclusion: There is no linear relationship between cos θ and inverse of surface tension. There was a linear increase in surface free energy results with increase in concentration as more surfactant molecules were adsorbing at the interface enhancing an increase in contact angle.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

scholarly journals Dynamic of Morphological and Physiological Parameters and Variation of Soil Characteristics during Miscanthus × giganteus Cultivation in the Diesel-Contaminated Land

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
Andriy Herts ◽  
Volodymyr Khomenchuk ◽  
Aigerim Mamirova ◽  
Oleksandr Kononchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Uncontaminated Soil ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Miscanthus × giganteus (M. × giganteus) is a perspective plant produced on marginal and contaminated lands with biomass used for energy or bioproducts. In the current study, M. × giganteus development was tested in the diesel-contaminated soils (ranged from 250 mg kg−1 to 5000 mg kg−1) and the growth dynamic, leaves quantity, plants total area, number of harvested stems and leaves, SPAD and NPQt parameters were evaluated. Results showed a remarkable M. × giganteus growth in a selected interval of diesel-contaminated soil with sufficient harvested biomass. The amendment of soil by biochar 1 (produced from wastewater sludge) and biochar 2 (produced from a mixture of wood waste and biohumus) improved the crop’s morphological and physiological parameters. Biochar 1 stimulated the increase of the stems’ biomass, while biochar 2 increased the leaves biomass. The plants growing in the uncontaminated soil decreased the content of NO3, pH (KCl), P2O5 and increased the content of NH4. Photosynthesis parameters showed that incorporating biochar 1 and biochar 2 to the diesel-contaminated soil prolonged the plants’ vegetation, which was more potent for biochar 1. M. × giganteus utilization united with biochar amendment can be recommended to remediate diesel-contaminated land in concentration range 250–5000 mg kg−1.

Synergistic remediation of PCB-contaminated soil with nanoparticulate zero-valent iron and alfalfa: targeted changes in the root metabolite-dependent microbial community

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-999
Author(s):  
Ting Wu ◽  
Yangzhi Liu ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Lizhong Zhu ◽  
Jason C. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
New Strategy

This work provides a new strategy using nanomaterial-facilitated phytoremediation to promote the restoration of POP-contaminated soils.

Effect of compost in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vouillamoz ◽  
M. W. Milke
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
The Impact

The effect of compost on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils was investigated using 130 small (200 g) containers in two screening tests. The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using ryegrass from seed. Containers were destructively sampled at various times and analyzed for plant mass and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the presence of diesel reduces grass growth, and that compost helps reduced the impact of diesel on grass growth. The addition of compost helps increase diesel loss from the soils both with and without grass, though the addition of grass leads to lower diesel levels compared with controls. A second set of experiments indicates that the compost helps in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil independent of the dilution effect that compost addition has. The results indicate that the compost addition allowed diesel loss down to 200 mg TPH/kg even though the compost would be expected to hold the diesel more tightly in the soil/compost mixture. The simplicity of the screening tests led to difficulties in controlling moisture content and germination rates. The conclusion of the research is that the tilling of compost into soils combined with grass seeding appears to be a valuable option for treating petroleum-contaminated soils.

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