scholarly journals The Coexistence of Blastocystis spp. in Humans, Animals and Environmental Sources from 2010–2021 in Asia

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Adedolapo Aminat Rauff-Adedotun ◽  
Farah Haziqah Meor Termizi ◽  
Nurshafarina Shaari ◽  
Ii Li Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
One Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
The One

Blastocystis spp. are controversial unicellular protists that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans and a wide range of animals worldwide. This review provides an overview of the prevalence and distribution of Blastocystis spp. and their subtypes throughout Asia. Research articles reporting on the presence of Blastocystis spp. in locations within Asia, between 1 January 2010, and 10 May 2021, were obtained from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In 427 articles, the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in 31 countries within the last decade was revealed. Isolates were found in humans, various mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, water sources, vegetables, and ambient air. Prevalence of Blastocystis spp. varied widely across host categories. Subtypes identified throughout Asia were STs 1–14, and ST18–22 (novel subtypes). ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 were the most frequently isolated in humans; ST5 in pigs; ST10 and ST14 in goats, sheep, and cattle; and ST6 and ST7 in chickens. ST1 and ST3 were most common in water samples. ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5 and ST6 were shared by humans, animals, and water sources. There is a growing interest in the study of Blastocystis spp. and their subtypes in Asia. Due to the isolation of Blastocystis spp. from biotic and abiotic sources in Asia, the application of the One Health (OH) approach to the study of Blastocystis spp. is proposed for improved perception of this organism.

Knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of Toxocara: the enigma remains

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. HOLLAND
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
The One ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYToxocara species infect a wide range of companion, domestic and wild animals as definitive and paratenic hosts, via multiple routes of transmission, producing long-lived tissue-inhabiting larvae and resistant eggs that can survive in the external environment. Therefore Toxocara and the disease it causes in humans, toxocariasis, represents an ideal aetiological agent for the development of the one health approach. However, despite increasing awareness of the public health significance of toxocariasis, gaps in our understanding of certain key aspects of the parasite's biology and epidemiology remain. These gaps hinder our ability to integrate research effort within the veterinary, medical and environmental disciplines. This review will highlight key deficits in our understanding of nine dimensions of Toxocara epidemiology and discuss a potential scenario to develop a more integrated, one health approach to improve our understanding of the prevention and control of this complex and cryptic zoonosis.

scholarly journals Emerging Trends in the Epidemiology of COVID-19: The Croatian ‘One Health’ Perspective

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2354
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Vladimir Stevanovic ◽  
Diana Brlek-Gorski ◽  
Ivana Ferencak ◽  
Thomas Ferenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
One Health ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Alpha Variant ◽  
The One ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Negative Detection

During the four pandemic waves, a total of 560,504 cases and 10,178 deaths due to COVID-19 were reported in Croatia. The Alpha variant, dominant from March 2021 (>50% of positive samples), was rapidly replaced by Delta variants (>90%) by August 2021. Several seroprevalence studies were conducted in different populations (general population, children/adolescents, professional athletes, healthcare workers, veterinarians) and in immunocompromised patients (hemodialysis patients, liver/kidney transplant recipients). After the first pandemic wave, seroprevalence rates of neutralizing (NT) antibodies were reported to be 0.2–5.5%. Significantly higher seropositivity was detected during/after the second wave, 2.6–18.7%. Two studies conducted in pet animals (February-June 2020/July–December 2020) reported SARS-CoV-2 NT antibodies in 0.76% of cats and 0.31–14.69% of dogs, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 NT antibodies were not detected in wildlife. Environmental samples taken in the households of COVID-19 patients showed high-touch personal objects as most frequently contaminated (17.3%), followed by surfaces in patients’ rooms (14.6%), kitchens (13.3%) and bathrooms (8.3%). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in 96.8% affluent water samples, while all effluent water samples tested negative. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, animals and the environment suggests that the ‘One Health’ approach is critical to controlling COVID-19 and future pandemics.

scholarly journals Corals as canaries in the coalmine: towards the incorporation of marine ecosystems into the ‘One Health’ concept

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sweet ◽  
Mark Bulling ◽  
Alfred Burian
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

‘One World – One Health’ is a developing concept which aims to explicitly incorporate linkages between the environment and human society in order to facilitate optimising aspects of health. Historically, work has concentrated on aspects of disease, in particular on emerging zoonoses, with a focus on terrestrial systems. Here we argue that the marine environment is a crucial component of the ‘One World – One Health’ framework, and that coral reefs are the epitome of its underlying philosophy, providing vast contributions to a wide range of ecosystem services with strong and direct links to human society. Further, the sensitivity of corals to climate change, and the current emergence of a wide range of diseases, make coral reefs ideal systems for studying in order to develop our understanding of the links, impacts, and feedback mechanisms that can affect human and ecosystem health. There are well established protocols for monitoring corals and global networks of researchers, but there are substantial challenges in studying these ecosystems. We explore these challenges and conclude with a look at how developing technology offers ways of addressing them in the future. A greater integration of coral reef research into the ‘One World – One Health’ framework will enrich our understanding of the complex links within and between ecosystems and human society, supporting the development of measures for improving the health of both humans and the environment.

Brief history and ways of further development of the department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FSBI «VNIIGiM named after A.N. Kostyakov»

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Alexey Shcherbakov ◽  
Valentin Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Construction Operation

Department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FGBNU «VNIIGiM them. A.N. Kostyakova «has a long history. For many years, the department’s staff has been such scientists and water engineers with extensive experience as M.A. Volynov, V.S. Verbitsky, S.S. Medvedev, N.V. Lebedev, B.C. Panfilov, T.G. Voynich-Syanozhentsky, V.A. Golubkova, G.V. Lyapin and others. The department solved a wide range of tasks, the main areas of research were the following: – theoretical and applied hydrodynamics and hydraulics, with reference to the open channel flows that affect the state and level of safety of the hydraulic structures; – integrated use and protection of water bodies – water sources and water sources of water resources used in land reclamation; – development of measures and technical solutions for the protection of objects from the negative effects of water; – theoretical substantiation of works to improve the safety level of the GTS (declaration); – development and implementation of digitalization methods for solving design, construction, operation and control of landreclamation facilities. Currently, promising areas of research is the development of a decision-making algorithm in the designation of measures to rationalize the provision of resources to water amelioration. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a detailed study, systematization and processing of data both on safety and on the efficiency of systems and structures, ensuring the delivery of irrigation water of the required quality and in sufficient quantity from a water source to the field.

General Trend of Negative Transference Number in Li Salt/Ionic Liquid Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Molinari ◽  
Jonathan P. Mailoa ◽  
Boris Kozinsky
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

We show that strong cation-anion interactions in a wide range of lithium-salt/ionic liquid mixtures result in a negative lithium transference number, using molecular dynamics simulations and rigorous concentrated solution theory. This behavior fundamentally deviates from the one obtained using self-diffusion coefficient analysis and agrees well with experimental electrophoretic NMR measurements, which accounts for ion correlations. We extend these findings to several ionic liquid compositions. We investigate the degree of spatial ionic coordination employing single-linkage cluster analysis, unveiling asymmetrical anion-cation clusters. Additionally, we formulate a way to compute the effective lithium charge that corresponds to and agrees well with electrophoretic measurements and show that lithium effectively carries a negative charge in a remarkably wide range of chemistries and concentrations. The generality of our observation has significant implications for the energy storage community, emphasizing the need to reconsider the potential of these systems as next generation battery electrolytes.<br>

Indian Lifestyle With Ayurveda Perspective During Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1396-1399
Author(s):  
Disha Bhatero ◽  
Punam Sawarkar ◽  
Gaurav Sawarkar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by novel Coronavirus. The overall prevalence rate of Covid-19 in Worldwide ( 9.94M )& it is (529 K) & (153 K) in India and Maharashtra. This situation can be considered under JanapadodhwansaVyadhi in Ayurveda. The primary purpose of Ayurveda  is the prevention of the disease in healthy individuals and eradication of disease, which are curable. Immunity comes under the Vyadhikshamatva. Further, Covid-19 infection is correlated with Vataj-Kaphaj Jwara. In Ayurveda Rasayana therapy to boost up immunity (Bala  & Vyadhikshamatva). The present study aimed to explore the concept of infectious disease and its prevention through different lifestyles described in Ayurveda. The above need-based information is collected from various Ayurvedicliterature (Laghutrayee, Bruhatryayi) along with numerous research articles from databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar. All collected data were depicted in narrative form and tabular manner under different heads. Considering the above aspect in the prevention of Covid-19, the role of Ayurveda intervention may be proved more beneficial in Covid-19. Further, adoption of code of conduct may efficiently overcome the current pandemic situation by maintaining good immunity & implementation of Ahar, Vihar Vidhis, Dincharya, and Rutucharya& Sadvritta  for improving disease resistance.

ANTICYTOKINE ACTIVITY OF THE PROTOZOA BLASTOCYSTIS SPP

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Bugero N.V. ◽  
Ilyina N.A. ◽  
Aleksandrova S.M.
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
High Degree

In addition to the classical pathogens, which are well understood and well identified, new pathogens with the potential to spread epidemiologically are being identified. Some of these little-known organisms are the simplest Blastocystis spp. blastocystostosis. The clinical significance of Blastocystis spp. and its pathogenicity are still under discussion. This parasite belongs to a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms living in the colon of the human intestine. Blastocystis spp. is known to be found both in people with reduced immune status and in individuals without any clinical manifestation. It has been established that a sufficiently high degree of invasiveness is observed in persons with gastrointestinal tract diseases, dermatosis, allergic reactions, in patients with carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. Possessing persistence factors, protozoa blastocysts contribute to the inactivation of host defensive mechanisms, providing a stable anthogonistic effect. In recent years, many works have been devoted to the characteristics of the persistent properties of Blastocystis spr., however, individual properties of blastocysts, in particular, anticytokine activity (ACA), have not yet been studied. In this regard, the work studied the anticytokine activity of microorganisms isolated from healthy subjects and patients with gastrointestinal tract diseases. A high prevalence of the studied characteristic in the subjects was shown. The expression of anticytokine activity in the obtained isolates of blastocysts was the highest in the group of persons with gastric ulcer disease, which decreased in the order of duodenal ulcer, chronic cholecystitis, chronic gastritis, etc. The data obtained in this work on the high level of ACA expression in blastocyst isolates obtained from individuals with gastrointestinal diseases as compared with the control group enables to conclude that their exometabolites may influence the local cytokine balance [1], which supports the inflammatory process.

Global Warming and Its Multiple Causes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romdhane Ben Slama
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Heat Released ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The global warming which preoccupies humanity, is still considered to be linked to a single cause which is the emission of greenhouse gases, CO2 in particular. In this article, we try to show that, on the one hand, the greenhouse effect (the radiative imprisonment to use the scientific term) took place in conjunction with the infrared radiation emitted by the earth. The surplus of CO2 due to the combustion of fossil fuels, but also the surplus of infrared emissions from artificialized soils contribute together or each separately,  to the imbalance of the natural greenhouse effect and the trend of global warming. In addition, another actor acting directly and instantaneously on the warming of the ambient air is the heat released by fossil fuels estimated at 17415.1010 kWh / year inducing a rise in temperature of 0.122 ° C, or 12.2 ° C / century.

An Improved Membrane Filtration Method for Enumeration of Faecal Coliforms and E. Coli by a Fluorogenic β-Glucuronidase Assay

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Augoustinos ◽  
N. A. Grabow ◽  
B. Genthe ◽  
R. Kfir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Glucuronidase Assay

A fluorogenic β-glucuronidase assay comprising membrane filtration followed by selective enumeration on m-FC agar at 44.5°C and further confirmation using tlie 4-metliylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG) containing medium was evaluated for the detection of Escherichia coli in water. A total of 200 typical blue and non-typical blue colonies were isolated from sea and fresh water samples using initial selective enumeration on m-FC agar. Pure cultures of the selected colonies were further tested using the MUG assay and identified using the API 20E method. Of the colonies tested which were shown to be positive using the MUG assay 99.4% were Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate the combination of the m-FC method followed by the MUG assay to be highly efficient for the selection and confirmation of E. coli from a wide range of environmental waters.

Drug-induced Cholelithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Alušík ◽  
Zoltán Paluch
Keyword(s):  
Reference Lists ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Direct Reference ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Wide Range

Background: The prevalence of cholelithiasis in developed countries is high and its cause multifactorial, with a negligible proportion of drug-induced cholelithiasis. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. The most relevant and up-to-date information was incorporated. Results: There is a wide range of drugs that can induce lithiasis. While the risk of developing lithiasis is high with some drugs (ceftriaxone, atazanavir, somatostatin analogues), it is lower or even questionable with others. Some drugs precipitate in the bile and may account for up to 100% of weight of the stone. Conclusion: Cholelithiasis can be induced by a wide range of drugs with different mechanisms of action.The aim of the article is to draw attention to this lesser known fact and the need to take into account the risk of developing lithiasis prior to therapy initiation.

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