scholarly journals Footprints of microRNAs in Cancer Biology

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Yaashini Rajasegaran ◽  
Adam Azlan ◽  
Aliaa Arina Rosli ◽  
Mot Yee Yik ◽  
Khor Kang Zi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Proliferative Advantage

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Over the past years, various studies have demonstrated the role of aberrant miRNA expression in the onset of cancer. The mechanisms by which miRNA exerts its cancer-promoting or inhibitory effects are apparent through the various cancer hallmarks, which include selective proliferative advantage, altered stress response, vascularization, invasion and metastasis, metabolic rewiring, the tumor microenvironment and immune modulation; therefore, this review aims to highlight the association between miRNAs and the various cancer hallmarks by dissecting the mechanisms of miRNA regulation in each hallmark separately. It is hoped that the information presented herein will provide further insights regarding the role of cancer and serve as a guideline to evaluate the potential of microRNAs to be utilized as biomarkers and therapeutic targets on a larger scale in cancer research.

scholarly journals Regulatory Role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) Modification in Osteosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Liwei Ying ◽  
Sifeng Tao ◽  
Mingmin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy, typically occurring in childhood or adolescence. Unfortunately, the clinical outcomes of patients with osteosarcoma are usually poor because of the aggressive nature of this disease and few treatment advances in the past four decades. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most extensive forms of RNA modification in eukaryotes found both in coding and non-coding RNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that m6A-related factors are dysregulated in multiple osteosarcoma processes. In this review, we highlight m6A modification implicated in osteosarcoma, describing its pathophysiological role and molecular mechanism, as well as future research trends and potential clinical application in osteosarcoma.

Dysregulation of miRNA in cancer progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucha P.
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of highly conserved tiny non-coding RNAs that play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Numerous studies have shown the role of dysregulated miRNA in a variety of illnesses, including human cancer. MiRNA is dysregulated by a variety of processes, including dysregulation of miRNA synthesis, aberrant miRNA transcription, dysregulated epigenetic modification, and chromosomal abnormalities. MiRNAs that are overexpressed have been shown to influence cancer's hallmarks. Recent research has shown miRNA's potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker. In this review, we discussed the synthesis and regulation of miRNA, as well as its dysregulation in human cancer and other disorders, as well as some of the therapeutic applications of miRNA.

The role of non-coding RNA/microRNAs in cardiac disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolan J. Reckman ◽  
Yigal M. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

In the past two decades, our knowledge about non-coding DNA has increased tremendously. While non-coding DNA was initially discarded as ‘junk DNA’, we are now aware of the important and often crucial roles of RNA transcripts that do not translate into protein. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important functions in normal cellular homeostasis and also in many diseases across all organ systems. Among the different ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied the most. In this chapter we discuss the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in cardiac disease. We present examples of miRNAs with fundamental roles in cardiac development (miR-1), hypertrophy (myomiRs, miR-199, miR-1/133), fibrosis (miR-29, miR-21), myocardial infarction (miR-15, miR17~92), and arrhythmias/conduction (miR-1). We provide examples of lncRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy (MHRT, CHRF), myocardial infarction (ANRIL, MIAT), and arrhythmias (KCNQ1OT1). We also discuss miRNAs and lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers in cardiac disease.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aadil Yousuf ◽  
Abrar Qurashi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an early onset chronic neurological condition in adults characterized by inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss in the central nervous system. The pathological cause of MS is complex and includes both genetic and environmental factors. Non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically miRNAs and lncRNAs, are important regulators of various biological processes. Over the past decade, many studies have investigated both miRNAs and lncRNAs in patients with MS. Since then, insightful knowledge has been gained in this field. Here, we review the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in MS pathogenesis and discuss their implications for diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals LncRNA SNHG14 regulates the DDP-resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cell through miR-133a/HOXB13 pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Fang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Parental Cell ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Through Flow ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Apoptosis Related Protein ◽  
Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay

Abstract Background Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in regulating chemo-resistance of NSCLC, however, the role of lncRNA SNHG14 in the DDP-resistance of NSCLC remains unexplored. Methods Relative expression of SNHG14, HOXB13 and miR-133a in DDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cell and its parental cell A549 were measured using qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation viability of indicated A549/DDP cell was estimated via CCK-8 and colony formation experiments. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed through flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis-related protein and HOXB13 were detected via western blot. The interaction among SNHG14, HOXB13 and miR-133a was predicted by bioinformatics and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results LncRNA SNHG14 and HOXB13 were upregulated while miR-133a was downregulated in A549/DDP cell line compared to A549 cell line. SNHG14 knockdown or miR-133a overexpression was demonstrated to increase the DDP-sensitivity of A549/DDP cells. SNHG14 was revealed to compete with HOXB13 for miR-133a binding in A549/DDP cells. Inhibition of miR-133a in A549 cells could reverse the promotive effects of SNHG14 knockdown on DDP-sensitivity, as well as the inhibitory effects on HOXB13 expression. HOXB13 overexpression was revealed to abolish the enhanced effects of miR-133a on the sensitivity of A549/DDP cell to DDP. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that SNHG14 was involved in the development of DDP-resistance of A549/DDP cells through miR-133a/HOXB13 axis, which may present a path to novel therapeutic stratagems for DDP resistance of NSCLC.

The emerging role of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs in cancer biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 414 ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Fan ◽  
Liang Yang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Xueqiang Peng ◽  
Shibo Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Small extracellular vesicle non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Reese ◽  
Sameer A. Dhayat
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractPancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis among common tumors which is attributed to its aggressive phenotype, diagnosis at advanced, inoperable stages, and resistance to systemic therapy. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs have been established as important regulators of gene expression and their deregulation has been implicated in multiple diseases and foremost cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, non-coding RNAs can be distributed among cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), thereby facilitating intercellular communication and influencing major cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, evasion of the immune system, and metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, sEV-ncRNAs have shown promising potential as liquid biopsies with diagnostic and prognostic significance. In this review, we summarize the role of sEVs as carriers of ncRNAs and underlying molecular mechanisms in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we review the potential of sEV-ncRNAs as biomarkers and highlight the suitability of sEVs as delivery vehicles for ncRNA-based cancer therapy.

scholarly journals LncRNA SLC7A11-AS1 is Upregulated in Colorectal Cancer and Promotes the Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Suppressing the Maturation of miR-34a

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijiang Chang ◽  
Maosheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Tcga Dataset

Abstract Background: LncRNA SLC7A11-AS1 is recently characterized critical player in cancer biology. We analyzed TCGA dataset and observed the upregulation of SLC7A11-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). We therefore analyzed the role of SLC7A11-AS1 in CRC. Methods: Paired CRC and non-tumor tissues were collected from 60 CRC patients and expression of SLC7A11-AS1 in tissues was determined by RT-qPCR. The 60 CRC patients were followed up for 5 years to analyze the prognostic value of SLC7A11-AS1 for CRC. Correlations were analyzed by linear regression. The effects of SLC7A11-AS1 overexpression on the expression of miR-34a precursor and mature miR-34a were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay.Result: SLC7A11-AS1 was upregulated in CRC and predicted poor survival. SLC7A11-AS1 and mature miR-34a were inversely correlated, while SLC7A11-AS1 was not significantly correlated with the precursor of miR-34a. In CRC cells, SLC7A11-AS1 overexpression resulted in the reduced level of mature miR-34a, but not miR-34a precursor. Moreover, SLC7A11-AS1 overexpression reduced the inhibitory effects of miR-34a overexpression on cell proliferation. Conclusion: SLC7A11-AS1 may promote the proliferation of cancer cells in CRC by suppressing the maturation of miR-34a.

The Role of Integrins in Cancer and the Development of Anti-Integrin Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1177391X0800200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjie Lu ◽  
Dong Lu ◽  
Mike Scully ◽  
Vijay Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Insight Into

Integrins have been reported to mediate cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration programs. For this reason, the past few years have seen an increased interest in the implications of integrin receptors in cancer biology and tumor cell aggression. This review considers the potential role of integrins in cancer and also addresses why integrins are present attractive targets for drug design. It discusses of the several properties of the integrin-based chemotherapeutic agents currently under consideration clinically and provides an insight into cancer drug development using integrin as a target.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document