scholarly journals Clinical Utility of Biosensing Platforms for Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
My-Van Tieu ◽  
Thi-Thu Pham ◽  
Sungbo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Analytical Technology

Despite collaborative efforts from all countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been continuing to spread globally, forcing the world into social distancing period, making a special challenge for public healthcare system. Before vaccine widely available, the best approach to manage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is to achieve highest diagnostic accuracy by improving biosensor efficacy. For SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, intensive attempts have been made by many scientists to ameliorate the drawback of current biosensors of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical diagnosis to offer benefits related to platform proposal, systematic analytical methods, system combination, and miniaturization. This review assesses ongoing research efforts aimed at developing integrated diagnostic tools to detect RNA viruses and their biomarkers for clinical diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further highlights promising technology for SARS-CoV-2 specific diagnosis. The comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers as well as their applicable biosensors in the field of clinical diagnosis were summarized to give scientists an advantage to develop superior diagnostic platforms. Furthermore, this review describes the prospects for this rapidly growing field of diagnostic research, raising further interest in analytical technology and strategic plan for future pandemics.

scholarly journals Collaborative networks enable the rapid establishment of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 during nationwide lockdown in New Zealand

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben McGregor ◽  
Alana L. Whitcombe ◽  
Campbell R. Sheen ◽  
James M. Dickson ◽  
Catherine L. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Travel History ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Prior Infection

Background Serological assays that detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are critical for determining past infection and investigating immune responses in the COVID-19 pandemic. We established ELISA-based immunoassays using locally produced antigens when New Zealand went into a nationwide lockdown and the supply chain of diagnostic reagents was a widely held domestic concern. The relationship between serum antibody binding measured by ELISA and neutralising capacity was investigated using a surrogate viral neutralisation test (sVNT). Methods A pre-pandemic sera panel (n = 113), including respiratory infections with symptom overlap with COVID-19, was used to establish assay specificity. Sera from PCR‑confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients (n = 21), and PCR-negative patients with respiratory symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (n = 82) that presented to the two largest hospitals in Auckland during the lockdown period were included. A two-step IgG ELISA based on the receptor binding domain (RBD) and spike protein was adapted to determine seropositivity, and neutralising antibodies that block the RBD/hACE‑2 interaction were quantified by sVNT. Results The calculated cut-off (>0.2) in the two-step ELISA maximised specificity by classifying all pre-pandemic samples as negative. Sera from all PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were classified as seropositive by ELISA ≥7 days after symptom onset. There was 100% concordance between the two-step ELISA and the sVNT with all 7+ day sera from PCR‑confirmed COVID-19 patients also classified as positive with respect to neutralising antibodies. Of the symptomatic PCR-negative cohort, one individual with notable travel history was classified as positive by two-step ELISA and sVNT, demonstrating the value of serology in detecting prior infection. Conclusions These serological assays were established and assessed at a time when human activity was severely restricted in New Zealand. This was achieved by generous sharing of reagents and technical expertise by the international scientific community, and highly collaborative efforts of scientists and clinicians across the country. The assays have immediate utility in supporting clinical diagnostics, understanding transmission in high-risk cohorts and underpinning longer‑term ‘exit’ strategies based on effective vaccines and therapeutics.

scholarly journals The landscape of systemic lupus erythematosus in Brazil: An expert panel review and recommendations

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110300
Author(s):  
Evandro Mendes Klumb ◽  
Morton Scheinberg ◽  
Viviane Angelina de Souza ◽  
Ricardo Machado Xavier ◽  
Valderilio Feijo Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Panel Review

Purpose The objective of this review is to address the barriers limiting access to diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in Brazil, specifically for patients in the public healthcare system, arguably those with the least access to innovation. Design A selected panel of Brazilian experts in SLE/LN were provided with a series of relevant questions to address in a multi-day conference. During the conference, responses were discussed and edited by the entire group through numerous drafts and rounds of discussion until a consensus was achieved. Results The authors propose specific and realistic recommendations for implementing access to innovative diagnostic tools and treatment alternatives for SLE/LN in Brazil. Moreover, in creating these recommendations, the authors strived to address barriers and impediments for technology adoption. The multidisciplinary care required for SLE/LN necessitates the collective participation of all involved stakeholders. Conclusion A great need exists to expand the adoption of innovative diagnostic tools and treatments for SLE/LN not only in Brazil but also in most countries, as access issues remain an urgent demand. The recommendations presented in this article can serve as a strategy for new technology adoption in other countries in a similar situation.

scholarly journals A Lab-on-a-Chip Device Integrated DNA Extraction and Solid Phase PCR Array for the Genotyping of High-Risk HPV in Clinical Samples

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cancan Zhu ◽  
Anzhong Hu ◽  
Junsheng Cui ◽  
Ke Yang ◽  
Xinchao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Oligonucleotide Array ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Multiplex Amplification

Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. It is necessary to develop portable, easy-to-use, inexpensive and rapid molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, we proposed a lab-on-a-chip device that integrated DNA extraction, solid-phase PCR and genotyping detection. The ingenious design of the pneumatic microvalves enabled the fluid mixing and reagent storage to be organically combined, significantly reducing the size of the chip. The solid oligonucleotide array incorporated into the chip allowed the spatial separation of the primers and minimized undesirable interactions in multiplex amplification. As a proof-of-concept for POC molecular diagnostics on the device, five genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) (HPV16/HPV18/HPV31/HPV33/HPV58) were examined. Positive quality control samples and HPV patient cervical swab specimens were analyzed on the integrated microdevice. The platform was capable of detection approximately 50 copies of HPV virus per reaction during a single step, including DNA extraction, solid-phase PCR and genotype detection, in 1 h from samples being added to the chip. This simple and inexpensive microdevice provided great utility for the screening and monitoring of HPV genotypes. The sample-to-result platform will pave the way for wider application of POC molecular testing in the fields of clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring.

scholarly journals Exosomes: Novel Biomarkers for Clinical Diagnosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lin ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Exosomes are 30–120 nm endocytic membrane-derived vesicles that participate in cell-to-cell communication and protein and RNA delivery. Exosomes harbor a variety of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids and are present in many and perhaps all bodily fluids. A significant body of literature has demonstrated that molecular constituents of exosomes, especially exosomal proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), hold great promise as novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. In this minireview, we summarize recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their potential application in clinical diagnostics. We also provide a brief overview of the formation, function, and isolation of exosomes.

scholarly journals Machine Learning-Assisted Digital PCR and Melt Enables Broad Bacteria Identification and Pheno-Molecular Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornpat Athamanolap ◽  
Kuangwen Hsieh ◽  
Christine M. O'Keefe ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Samuel Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Bacteria Identification ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Toward combating infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, there remains an unmet need for diagnostic tools that can broadly identify the causative bacteria and determine their antimicrobial susceptibilities from complex and even polymicrobial samples in a timely manner. To address this need, a microfluidic- and machine learning-based platform that performs broad bacteria identification (ID) and rapid yet reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is developed. Specifically, this new platform builds on "pheno-molecular AST", a strategy that transforms nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) into phenotypic AST through quantitative detection of bacterial genomic replication, and utilizes digital PCR and digital high-resolution melt (HRM) to quantify and identify bacterial DNA molecules. Bacterial species are identified using integrated experiment-machine learning algorithm via HRM profiles. Digital DNA quantification allows for rapid growth measurement that reflects susceptibility profiles of each bacterial species within only 30 min of antibiotic exposure. As a demonstration, multiple bacterial species and their susceptibility profiles in polymicrobial urine specimen were correctly identified with a total turnaround time of ~4 hours. With further development and clinical validation, this new platform holds the potential for improving clinical diagnostics and enabling targeted antibiotic treatments.

scholarly journals 2198. Weak Interobserver Reliability in the Clinical Diagnosis of Pneumonia Among Infectious Disease Trained Physicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S749-S749
Author(s):  
Virginia Sheffield ◽  
Robert Dickson ◽  
Rishi Chanderraj
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability

Abstract Background Pneumonia remains a common global cause of death. Varied definitions of pneumonia rely on clinical features, imaging, and microbiological data. The Center for Diseases Control/National Healthcare Surveillance Network (CDC/NHSN) definition is used to study population-level trends. Prior studies have revealed discordance in components of the definition, yet reliability of overall clinical diagnosis has not been evaluated, nor has it been compared with the surveillance definitions. This study was designed to determine the overall concordance in the diagnosis of pneumonia by Infectious Diseases (ID) clinicians and the agreement between this and the surveillance definition. We then set out to determine which clinical features were weighted most heavily in provider decision-making. Methods Using an iterative approach with input from ID and Pulmonary Medicine physicians, we designed and refined an adjudication tool for diagnosis of pneumonia that consolidates clinical features, laboratory data, and imaging. Cases were analyzed by strict CDC/NHSN surveillance criteria and adjudicated independently by ID-trained physicians based on overall clinical opinion. Kappa coefficient (κ) was used to determine diagnostic reliability, and a random forest model was used to identify clinical factors most heavily weighted by physicians. Results Twenty-eight cases were adjudicated by three ID-trained physicians. Overall, interrater agreement was low (κ = 0.438). In comparing providers’ clinical adjudication with CDC/NHSN criteria, agreement was even worse (κ range 0.125 to 0.378). Among specific clinical features, positive culture growth strongly informed clinician diagnosis of pneumonia, while chest imaging did not play a significant role. Conclusion Overall agreement in the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is poor, even among ID-trained physicians. Culture results more strongly inform clinician decision-making than does chest imaging. The surveillance definition used by the CDC/NHSN has only weak agreement with in-practice clinical assessment. These results underscore the need for more precise diagnostic tools in cases of suspected pneumonia. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Clinical diagnostics in psychiatry — empirical and theoretical levels of knowledge (on the example of analysis of a written text)

2021 ◽  
Vol LII (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Elena N. Davtian ◽  
Stepan E. Davtian ◽  
Elena V. Uryson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The Third ◽  
Model Interpretation ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Scientific Fact

The paper shows correlation of empirical and theoretical levels of knowledge in psychiatry by analyzing a single text written by a patient. The patients text is analyzed three times. The first analysis performed by a linguist demonstrates how informative for a clinician can be an attentive attitude to the patients Word. The second analysis is a standard procedure for psychiatric phenomenological diagnostics. It is shown that the formulation of a clinical diagnosis from epistemological positions is equivalent to establishing a scientific fact (completion of empirical research): there is no theoretical modeling of pathological processes in psychiatry today; it all ends at the stage of recognizing the symptoms, without any attempt to understand them. The third analysis demonstrates the advantages in understanding pathological mechanisms provided by the explanatory model (interpretation of the text from the perspective of the bipersonal model of personality).

scholarly journals Novel Diagnosis of Lyme Disease: Potential for CAM Intervention

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristo Vojdani ◽  
Frank Hebroni ◽  
Yaniv Raphael ◽  
Jonathan Erde ◽  
Bernard Raxlen
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere, producing a wide range of disabling effects on multiple human targets, including the skin, the nervous system, the joints and the heart. Insufficient clinical diagnostic methods, the necessity for prompt antibiotic treatment along with the pervasive nature of infection impel the development and establishment of new clinical diagnostic tools with increased accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The goal of this article is 4-fold: (i) to detail LD infection and pathology, (ii) to review prevalent diagnostic methods, emphasizing inherent problems, (iii) to introduce the usage ofin vivoinduced antigen technology (IVIAT) in clinical diagnostics and (iv) to underscore the relevance of a novel comprehensive LD diagnostic approach to practitioners of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Utilization of this analytical method will increase the accuracy of the diagnostic process and abridge the time to treatment, with antibiotics, herbal medicines and nutritional supplements, resulting in improved quality of care and disease prognosis.

Transillumination: A Diagnostic Tool to Assess Subungual Glomus Tumors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Tsiogka ◽  
Helena Belyayeva ◽  
Stavros Sianos ◽  
Dimitrios Rigopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cold Intolerance ◽  
Glomus Tumors ◽  
Paroxysmal Pain

Diagnosis of subungual glomus tumors is mainly based on clinical symptoms, including paroxysmal pain, tenderness, and cold intolerance. Dermoscopy, ultrasonography, and MRI constitute further diagnostic tools, commonly performed to demarcate the tumor before surgery. Herein, we present 2 cases of subungual glomus tumors, which could be diagnosed after fingertip transillumination, highlighting that this technique can serve as an easy, noninvasive, and cost-effective adjuvant diagnostic tool, to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of subungual glomus tumors as well as their localization during preoperative assessment.

scholarly journals Broad Range Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Children to Identify the Cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Wang ◽  
Jiali Gu ◽  
Xiaonan Li ◽  
Christa E. van der Gaast de Jongh ◽  
Wenjian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Multiplex Qpcr ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Knowledge on the etiology of LRTIs is essential for improvement of the clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment. Molecular detection methods were applied to identify a broad range of bacterial and viral pathogens in a large set of bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples. The patterns of detected pathogens were correlated to the clinical symptoms.METHODS: BAL fluid samples and clinical data were collected from 573 hospitalized children between 1 month and 14 years of age with LRTIs, enrolled from January to December 2018. Pathogens were detected using standardized clinical diagnostics, with a sensitive, high-throughput GeXP-based multiplex PCR and with multiplex qPCR. Data were analyzed to describe the correlation between the severity of respiratory tract disease and the pathogens identified.RESULTS: The pathogen detection rate with GeXP-based PCR and multiplex qPCR was significantly higher than by clinical routine diagnostics (76.09% VS 36.13%,χ2 = 8.191, P=0.004). The most frequently detected pathogens in the BAL fluid were human adenovirus (HADV)(21.82%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (20.24%), human rhinovirus (13.96%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.90%) and Haemophilus influenzae (8.90%). In 16.4 % of the cases co-infection with two or three different pathogens was found. Viral detection rates declined with age, while atypical pathogen detection rates increased with age. Oxygen supply in the HADV and Influenza H1N1 infected patients was more frequent (49.43%) than in patients infected with other pathogens.CONCLUSION: Broad range detection of viral and bacterial pathogens using molecular methods is a promising and implementable approach to improve clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment of LRTI in children.

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