scholarly journals CRISP2, CATSPER1 and PATE1 Expression in Human Asthenozoospermic Semen

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1956
Author(s):  
Francesco Manfrevola ◽  
Bruno Ferraro ◽  
Carolina Sellitto ◽  
Domenico Rocco ◽  
Silvia Fasano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Mrna Targets ◽  
Motility Regulation ◽  
Quantitative Changes

The etiology of human asthenozoospermia is multifactorial. The need to unveil molecular mechanisms underlying this state of infertility is, thus, impelling. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in microRNA (miRNA) inhibition by a sponge activity to protect mRNA targets. All together they form the competitive endogenous RNA network (ceRNET). Recently, we have identified differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) in normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic patients, associated with high-quality (A-spermatozoa) and low-quality (B-spermatozoa) sperm. Here, we carried out a differential analysis of CRISP2, CATSPER1 and PATE1 mRNA expression in good quality (A-spermatozoa) and low quality (B-spermatozoa) sperm fractions collected from both normozoospermic volunteers and asthenozoospermic patients. These sperm fractions are usually separated on the basis of morphology and motility parameters by a density gradient centrifugation. B-spermatozoa showed low levels of mRNAs. Thus, we identified the possible ceRNET responsible for regulating their expression by focusing on circTRIM2, circEPS15 and circRERE. With the idea that motility perturbations could be rooted in quantitative changes of transcripts in sperm, we evaluated circRNA and mRNA modulation in A-spermatozoa and B-spermatozoa after an oral amino acid supplementation known to improve sperm motility. The profiles of CRISP2, CATSPER1 and PATE1 proteins in the same fractions of sperm well matched with the transcript levels. Our data may strengthen the role of circRNAs in asthenozoospermia and shed light on the molecular pathways linked to sperm motility regulation.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Sorafenib Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyao Hu ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
First Line ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Sorafenib is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to be a first-line chemotherapy agent for patients with advanced HCC. A portion of advanced HCC patients can benefit from the treatment with sorafenib, but many patients ultimately develop sorafenib resistance, leading to a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms of sorafenib resistance are sophisticated and indefinite. Notably, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are critically participated in the occurrence and progression of tumors. Moreover, growing evidence has suggested that ncRNAs are crucial regulators in the development of resistance to sorafenib. Herein, we integrally and systematically summarized the molecular mechanisms and vital role of ncRNAs impact sorafenib resistance of HCC, and ultimately explored the potential clinical administrations of ncRNAs as new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.

scholarly journals Circular RNA Expression: Its Potential Regulation and Function in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yanshuo Han ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Ce Bian ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Simei Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have posed a great threat to human life, and the necessity of its monitoring and treatment is decided by symptomatology and/or the aneurysm size. Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute a part to the pathogenesis of AAAs. circRNAs are novel single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure and high stability, having become the candidate biomarkers for numerous kinds of human disorders. Besides, circRNAs act as molecular “sponge” in organisms, capable of regulating the transcription level. Here, we characterize that the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. In the present work, studies on the biosynthesis, bibliometrics, and mechanisms of action of circRNAs were aims comprehensively reviewed, the role of circRNAs in the AAA pathogenic mechanism was illustrated, and their potential in diagnosing AAAs was examined. Moreover, the current evidence about the effects of circRNAs on AAA development through modulating endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was summarized. Through thorough investigation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. The results demonstrated that circRNAs had the application potential in the diagnosis and prevention of AAAs in clinical practice. The study of circRNA regulatory pathways would be of great assistance to the etiologic research of AAAs.

scholarly journals Sophisticated Gene Regulation for a Complex Physiological System: The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Photoreceptor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Carrella ◽  
Sandro Banfi ◽  
Marianthi Karali
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Photoreceptors (PRs) are specialized neuroepithelial cells of the retina responsible for sensory transduction of light stimuli. In the highly structured vertebrate retina, PRs have a highly polarized modular structure to accommodate the demanding processes of phototransduction and the visual cycle. Because of their function, PRs are exposed to continuous cellular stress. PRs are therefore under pressure to maintain their function in defiance of constant environmental perturbation, besides being part of a highly sophisticated developmental process. All this translates into the need for tightly regulated and responsive molecular mechanisms that can reinforce transcriptional programs. It is commonly accepted that regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), are not only involved but indeed central in conferring robustness and accuracy to developmental and physiological processes. Here we integrate recent findings on the role of regulatory ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, circular RNAs, and antisense RNAs), and of their contribution to PR pathophysiology. We also outline the therapeutic implications of translational studies that harness ncRNAs to prevent PR degeneration and promote their survival and function.

Identification and Characterization of Rice Circular RNAs Responding to Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. Oryzae Invasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihong Wang ◽  
Sai Wang ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Wenhan Nie ◽  
Ayizekeranmu Yiming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract BackgroundThe emerging role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various biological processes have advanced our knowledge of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation. The number and expression of plant circRNAs vary with species and treatments. However, the expression profile and the potential role of circRNAs during plant response to pathogen invasion are still elusive. ResultsIn this study, we identified 3517 circRNAs from PXO99A-infected rice leaves using the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) depleted RNA-Sequencing technique coupled with the CIRI2 and CIRCexplorer2 pipeline. Among them, 2994 (85.13%) circRNAs arised from the exons of their parent genes, 1214 circRNAs were previously unknown and 276 circRNAs exhibited differential expression profiles upon PXO99A infection over time. In addition, 31 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were predicted as the corresponding 121 miRNAs sponges. Functional analysis of both host genes and target mRNAs suggested that these identified circRNAs might play an important role in reprogramming rice responses to PXO99A invasion, mainly by mediating photorespiration, chloroplast, peroxisome and diterpenoid biosynthesis associated pathways.ConclusionThese results inferred a potential functional role of circRNAs in the regulation of rice immunity and provide novel clues for revealing the molecular mechanisms of rice-PXO99A interaction.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs: Uncharted Mediators of Thyroid Cancer Pathogenesis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3264
Author(s):  
Hossein Tabatabaeian ◽  
Samantha Peiling Yang ◽  
Yvonne Tay
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy of the endocrine system and the ninth most common cancer globally. Despite the advances in the management of thyroid cancer, there are critical issues with the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer that result in the poor overall survival of undifferentiated and metastatic thyroid cancer patients. Recent studies have revealed the role of different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are dysregulated during thyroid cancer development or the acquisition of resistance to therapeutics, and may play key roles in treatment failure and poor prognosis of the thyroid cancer patients. Here, we systematically review the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs that regulate thyroid tumorigenesis and drug response. We then propose the potential clinical implications of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer.

scholarly journals circAkap17b acts as a miR-7 family molecular sponge to regulate FSH secretion in rat pituitary cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Chang-Jiang Wang ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Yi-Jie Huang ◽  
Dong-Xu Han ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Rna Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Rat Pituitary Cells

The pituitary gland functions as a prominent regulator of diverse physiologic processes by secreting multiple hormones. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an emerging novel type of endogenous noncoding RNA that have recently been recognized as powerful regulators participating in various biological processes. However, the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in pituitary remain largely unclear. Herein, we concentrated on expounding the biological function and molecular mechanism of circRNA in rat pituitary. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA in pituitary tissue, circAkap17b, which was pituitary- and stage-specific. Then, we designed circAkap17b siRNA and constructed an overexpression plasmid to evaluate the effect of loss- and gain-of-circAkap17b function on FSH secretion. Interestingly, silencing circAkakp17b significantly inhibited FSH expression and secretion, while overexpression of circAkap17b enhanced FSH expression and secretion. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays confirmed that circAkap17b could serve as miR-7 sponge to regulate target genes. Additionally, miR-7b suppressed FSH expression and secretion by directly targeting Fshb through the dual luciferase reporter and RT-qPCR analysis. Additionally, rescue experiments showed that circAkap17b could regulate FSH secretion in pituitary cells through a circAkap17b-miR-7-Fshb axis. Collectively, we demonstrated that circAkap17b could act as a molecular sponge of miR-7 to upregulate expression of the target gene Fshb and facilitate FSH secretion. These findings provide evidence for a novel regulatory role of circRNAs in pituitary.

scholarly journals Small extracellular vesicle non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Reese ◽  
Sameer A. Dhayat
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractPancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis among common tumors which is attributed to its aggressive phenotype, diagnosis at advanced, inoperable stages, and resistance to systemic therapy. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs have been established as important regulators of gene expression and their deregulation has been implicated in multiple diseases and foremost cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, non-coding RNAs can be distributed among cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), thereby facilitating intercellular communication and influencing major cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, evasion of the immune system, and metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, sEV-ncRNAs have shown promising potential as liquid biopsies with diagnostic and prognostic significance. In this review, we summarize the role of sEVs as carriers of ncRNAs and underlying molecular mechanisms in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we review the potential of sEV-ncRNAs as biomarkers and highlight the suitability of sEVs as delivery vehicles for ncRNA-based cancer therapy.

Palladium nanoparticle effects on endocrine reproductive system of female rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Leso ◽  
L Fontana ◽  
A Marinaccio ◽  
K Leopold ◽  
C Fanali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Quantitative Changes

The widespread industrial application of nanomaterials (NMs) has dramatically increased the likelihood of environmental and occupational exposure of humans to such xenobiotics. This issue, together with the increasing public health interest in understanding the effects of chemicals on endocrine system, encouraged to investigate the disruptive potential of NMs on the endocrine function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the female reproductive system of Wistar rats, intravenously exposed to different doses (0.12, 1.2, and 12 µg/kg), through the assessment of possible quantitative changes in the serum concentrations of several sex hormones. Our results demonstrated that the highest exposure doses significantly reduced the estradiol and testosterone concentrations, while increased the luteinizing hormone levels in treated animals compared to controls. Such alterations are indicative for an abnormal reproductive axis function. However, further investigations are needed to clarify the role of the different NP physicochemical properties in determining such effects, and possible underlining molecular mechanisms, as well as their relevance for the development of diseases in the female reproductive system. Overall, this may be helpful to define accurate risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of the general and occupational populations exposed to Pd-NPs.

scholarly journals Exosomal circRNAs: new players in the field of cholangiocarcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (21) ◽  
pp. 2239-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corentin Louis ◽  
Matthis Desoteux ◽  
Cédric Coulouarn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly cancer worldwide associated with limited therapeutic options. A recent study published in Clinical Science by Wang and colleagues [Clin. Sci. (2019) 133(18), 1935–1953] brought new perspectives to CCA management and therapy by focusing on circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNAs belong to an emerging class of functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulating numerous biological processes. Notably, circRNAs have been associated with cancer onset and progression, although reports in CCA are very limited so far. In this work, the expression of circular RNA circ-0000284 (aka circHIPK3) was specifically elevated in CCA cell lines, human tumor tissues and plasma exosomes. Gain and loss of function approaches were performed to better understand the molecular mechanisms regulated by circ-0000284. Notably, the authors evaluated the role of circ-0000284 as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge. By prediction analysis and functional tests, a direct interaction was demonstrated with miR-637 that targets lymphocyte antigen-6 E (LY6E). Increased expression of circ-0000284 was associated with enhanced migration, invasion and proliferation of CCA cell lines. Interestingly, exosomal-mediated circ-0000284 was reported to exhibit pro-oncogenic effects on surrounding normal cells. Altogether, these data highlight circRNAs not only as new players in CCA pathogenesis but also as promising molecules for innovative non-invasive biomarkers, as circRNAs are enriched and stable in exosomes. Further investigations on extracellular vesicles should provide the necessary tools to improve CCA diagnosis, and move toward targeted-therapies.

Identification and characterization of rice circular RNAs responding to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae invasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihong Wang ◽  
Sai Wang ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Wenhan Nie ◽  
Ayizekeranmu Yiming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Host Genes

Emerging role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various biological processes have advanced our knowledge of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation. To date, no research has been conducted to explore their roles in the rice- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) interaction. Therefore, we identified 3517 circRNAs from the highly virulent Xoo strain PXO99A-infected rice leaves using the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) depleted RNA-sequencing technique coupled with the CIRI2 and CIRCexplorer2 pipeline. Characterization analyses showed that these circRNAs were distributed across the whole genome of rice, and most circRNAs arised from exons (85.13 %), ranged from 200 bp to 1000 bp and were with a non-canonical GT/AG (including CT/AC equivalent) splicing signal. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the host genes that produced the DEcircRNAs suggested that these identified circRNAs might play an important role in reprogramming rice responses to PXO99A invasion, mainly by mediating photorespiration, chloroplast, peroxisome and diterpenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, 31 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were predicted to act as miRNA decoys in rice. The expression profile of 4 DEcircRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR with divergent primers, and the back-splicing sites of seven DEcircRNAs were verified by PCR analysis and Sanger sequencing. Collectively, these results inferred a potential functional role of circRNAs in the regulation of rice immunity and provide novel clues for revealing the molecular mechanisms of rice-PXO99A interaction.

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