Biogas Production from Coffee Pulp and Chicken Feathers Using Liquid- and Solid-State Anaerobic Digestions

Agricultural waste, particularly lignocellulose, has been used in the second generation of biogas. Coffee pulp and chicken feathers can be developed as biogas raw materials because of their suitability as a biogas substrate. This study investigates the effect of the percentage of total solids (TS), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N, g/g), and delignification pretreatment on biogas production from coffee pulp and chicken feathers, and aims to compose kinetics using the modified Gompertz model. The results show that adjusting the percentage of TS at low-level speeds up the degradation process, which increases chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and biogas production. COD reduction and biogas production increase optimally at the 25 (g/g) C/N ratio. Pretreatment delignification aids microorganisms in substrate decomposition, resulting in faster COD reduction and biogas conversion. The 25% TS and 25 (g/g) C/N ratio with the delignification process achieved the best biogas production, with biogas production of 10,438.04 mL. The Gompertz method shows that the difference in TS percentage can influence biogas production. Moreover, the method shows that biogas production is higher with the delignification process than without it.

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Effect of Engineered Biomaterials and Magnetite on Wastewater Treatment: Biogas and Kinetic Evaluation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4323

Author(s):

Gloria Amo-Duodu ◽

Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh ◽

Sudesh Rathilal ◽

Edward Kwaku Armah ◽

Jeremiah Adedeji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Contaminants ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Gompertz Model ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Kinetic Evaluation ◽

Working Volume ◽

Methane Potential

In this study, the principle of sustaining circular economy is presented as a way of recovering valuable resources from wastewater and utilizing its energy potential via anaerobic digestion (AD) of municipality wastewater. Biostimulation of the AD process was investigated to improve its treatability efficiency, biogas production, and kinetic stability. Addressing this together with agricultural waste such as eggshells (CE), banana peel (PB), and calcined banana peels (BI) were employed and compared to magnetite (Fe3O4) as biostimulation additives via 1 L biochemical methane potential tests. With a working volume of 0.8 L (charge with inoculum to substrate ratio of 3:5 v/v) and 1.5 g of the additives, each bioreactor was operated at a mesophilic temperature of 40 °C for 30 days while being compared to a control bioreactor. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis was used to reveal the absorbent’s morphology at high magnification of 10 kx and surface pore size of 20.8 µm. The results showed over 70% biodegradation efficiency in removing the organic contaminants (chemical oxygen demand, color, and turbidity) as well as enhancing the biogas production. Among the setups, the bioreactor with Fe3O4 additives was found to be the most efficient, with an average daily biogas production of 40 mL/day and a cumulative yield of 1117 mL/day. The kinetic dynamics were evaluated with the cumulative biogas produced by each bioreactor via the first order modified Gompertz and Chen and Hashimoto kinetic models. The modified Gompertz model was found to be the most reliable, with good predictability.

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ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF USE OF WASTE-FREE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

"EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity" ◽

10.37128/2411-4413-2020-4-13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 186-206

Author(s):

Valeriia VOVK

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Main Idea ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Animal Waste ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Agricultural Enterprises

The article explores the economic essence of the concept of “waste-free technologies” and it was determined that the main idea of waste-free production is the conversion of residues of secondary raw materials and waste obtained in the production process into finished products, which is able to bring economic benefits to the enterprise. Has been analyzed the dynamics of the volume of generated and utilized agricultural waste in Ukraine in 2010-2019. And it was determined that no more than 30% of waste is disposed of, the share of which has been rapidly decreasing in recent years. It was noted that the agro-industrial complex is one of the material-intensive and high-waste sectors of the economy, which accounts for a significant part of greenhouse gas emissions - more than 12%. It is concluded that the introduction of waste-free production technologies in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine will not only reduce the amount of waste generated and their impact on the environment, but it is also a source of income by replenishing the energy balance of enterprises. Attention is paid to the most promising direction for the introduction of waste-free technologies at agricultural enterprises - the production of biogas from organic waste (biomass). It is noted that agricultural waste, mainly animal waste, such as manure, chicken droppings, can be an additional source of replenishing the energy balance of agricultural enterprises and ensuring the energy security of the region. Have been analyzed the volumes of animal waste generation in Ukraine and the potential for biogas production from manure in Ukraine in 2020. A sample of the 10 largest biogas plants in Ukraine was carried out and the further development of the bioenergy sector in 2050 in terms of biogas production was predicted. 6 main environmental effects from the introduction of biogas complexes in Ukraine were identified. The main directions of the European Green Deal are characterized and the key areas of harmonization of domestic legislation on waste management are given with European ones.

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Utilization of Delignified Sawdust as Raw Material of Biogas Production

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815603054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 03054 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asfarina Zumalla ◽

Budiyono ◽

Siswo Sumardiono

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Raw Material ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Wood Sawdust ◽

The Right

Biogas is one alternative to replace the irreplaceable energy source that has begun to diminish its existence. The raw materials for biogas manufacture are renewable biomass, usually using plantation waste, agriculture, and livestock. Using biogas can also reduce environmental pollution. One of the agricultural waste that has great potential to become the raw material of biogas is teak sawdust. Wood processing industry in Indonesia quite a lot, but wood has a high lignosesluosa content, so it needs the right method to process it. With the delignification of lignin levels on teak sawdust will decrease. Wood sawdust is soaked using NaOH for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days with 4% w / v concentration. The lowest lignin and hemicellulose content was 25.79% and 87.9% in pretreatment for 4 days, while the highest cellulose level was 57, 34%. The accumulated volume of biogas at 1 day pretreatment, ie 709 ml / g TS. Gcms shows the enlarged peak area of methanamine, N-methyl from before pretreatment. The fastest biogas formation (λ) in 4 days pretreatment, 1.60403 days and the largest constant A and U variables at 1 day were 914.5903 ml / g TS and 34.59765 ml / g TS.

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Application of Modified Gompertz Model to Study on Biogas production from middle temperature co-digestion of pig manure and dead pigs

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911803022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 03022

Author(s):

Hongguang Zhu ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Cheng Xiaowei

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Gompertz Model ◽

Gas Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Middle Temperature ◽

Modified Gompertz Model

The dead pig is an organic waste rich in oil and protein, and is an ideal anaerobic digestion raw material. This study based on single factor ANOVA and Modified Gompertz model. It investigated the effects of the ratio of dead pigs on biogas production by middle temperature co-digestion of pig manure and dead pigs. And the biogas production potential was determined. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the ratio of dead pigs and the biogas production. The ratio would significantly affect the average methane content and degradation rate. When the addition ratio was in the range of 3 to 15%, the biogas production was between 191.39 and 202.44 (L/kg VS). The average contents of methane were 50.67%, 50.35%, 41.83%, 45.53% and 44.57%, respectively. The time required to reach 80% of the biogas production was 28, 34, 36, 65 and 63 days, respectively. The degradation rate of the raw materials was generally decreased with the increase of the addition ratio. The results of Modified Gompertz model fitting showed that the mixed raw materials had a fully anaerobic digestion with high utilization rate and short hysteresis in the range of 0 ~ 9%. Therefore, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days and the addition ratio was in the range of 0 to 6% could be recommended for a continuous digester. It could get a better gas production and higher raw material utilization.

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NH3-N and COD Reduction in Endek (Balinese Textile) Wastewater by Activated Sludge under Different DO Condition with Ozone Pretreatment

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2021.9127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

Author(s):

I Wayan Koko SURYAWAN ◽

Gita PRAJATI ◽

Anshah Silmi AFIFAH ◽

Muhammad Rizki APRITAMA

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Cod Reduction ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Ozone Pretreatment

Nitrogen and organic matter are part of the pollutant causing eutrophication in freshwater. Textiles industry like Endek is the main source of Nitrogen and organic matter. Tis paper aims to know the degradation process of Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) with ozone pretreatment in operated by different DO level activated sludge. There are 2 scenarios of treatments in this study: with ozone pretreatment (R1) and without ozone pretreatment (R2). Wastewater treatment began with the seeding and acclimatization process. This acclimatization study showed the efficiency degradation of NH3-N and COD by 17.7 and 27.5 %. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)/COD level increased with ozone pretreatment, from 0.25 to 0.38, COD/TKN level stated at 3.26. Ozone pretreatment reduced NH3-N and COD by 23.8 and 34.1 %. Wastewater treatment with activated sludge operated by different DO levels showed efficiency of 44.2 % (R1) and 68.2 % (R2). This ammonia elimination was capable of preventing eutrophication in the waterbody. The efficiency of NH3-N and Nitrogen organic degradation was indicated by TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen) levels: 87 % (R1) and 79 % (R2). The concentration of Nitrate (NO3-N) increased from 2.9 to 5.5 mg/L when DO reached 1 - 3 mg/L. COD reduction levels in this study were 17 % (R1) and 42.5 % (R2). Ozone pretreatment could make the efficiency of wastewater treatment qualified into standard quality.

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THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS AS A SOURCE FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Theory and Building Practice ◽

10.23939/jtbp2021.01.029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Yurii Furdas ◽

◽

Khrystyna Kozak ◽

Olena Savchenko ◽

Mariia Lunyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Sunflower Seeds ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Agricultural Biomass ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Solid Liquid

As raw materials in bioenergy can be used agricultural residues formed in the process of harvesting crops and the process of their processing, in particular straw cereals, legumes, corn and sunflower seeds, etc. For energy needs, agricultural biomass is used by burning or processing into solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. In the production of gaseous fuel in special plants - bioreactors, agricultural waste is formed not only as a source of energy - biogas, but also as excellent fertilizers. In this article, studies have shown that the amount of biogas produced depends on the type of biomass and fermentation time. The largest amount of biogas is produced within 10 days from the date of loading of organic biomass. It was found that the highest daily biogas production is formed from grass and grain silage, the maximum value of which is 1.76 m3. The smallest - from rapeseed silage – 0.33 m3.

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Treatment of wastewater containing o-phenylenediamine by ozone in a rotor-stator reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.617 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 1357-1363 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Moses Arowo ◽

Yingwen Li ◽

Guangwen Chu ◽

Baochang Sun ◽

Jianfeng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Ozone Concentration ◽

Rotation Speed ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Volumetric Flow Rate ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Cod Reduction ◽

Pre Treatment

This work employed a novel rotor-stator reactor (RSR) to intensify the degradation process of o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) by ozone. The effects of different operating parameters including initial pH, temperature, rotation speed, liquid volumetric flow rate and inlet ozone concentration on the removal efficiency of o-PDA were investigated in an attempt to establish the optimum conditions. The removal efficiency was evaluated in terms of degradation ratio and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction ratio of the o-PDA wastewater. Results indicate that the removal efficiency decreased with increasing liquid volumetric flow rate but increased with an increase in pH and inlet ozone concentration. Also, the removal efficiency increased up to a certain level with an increase in rotation speed and temperature. Additionally, a comparison experiment was carried out in a stirred tank reactor (STR), and the results show that the degradation and COD reduction ratios reached a maximum of 94.6% and 61.2% in the RSR as compared to 45.3% and 28.6% in the STR, respectively. This work demonstrates that ozone oxidation carried out in RSR may be a promising alternative for pre-treatment of o-PDA wastewater.

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BIOMETHANE POTENTIAL OF INVASIVE AQUATIC WEED WATER PRIMROSE

10.37516/global.j.sci.eng.2021.0025 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

HUYEN THU THI NONG ◽

YUWALEE UNPAPROM ◽

CHUDAPAK CHAICHOMPOO ◽

RAMESHPRABU RAMARAJ

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Scale Up ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Aquatic Weed ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Volatile Carbon

This study aims to examine the perspective of feedstock for producing biomethane from invasive aquatic weed water primroses (Ludwigia Hyssopifolia). The methane yield and methane content of biogas were analyzed and studied. The calculating methods of theoretical methane yield based on the elemental application or the theoretical chemical oxygen demand (COD) number were showed. The percentage of element chemicals, carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) of raw materials were analyzed, and results were 40.2%, 5.03%, 22.13%, 1.8% and 0.24%, respectively. The plant biomass was contained moisture content, volatile carbon, fixed carbon and ash were 7.28%, 63.07%, 1.28% and 28.37%, respectively. From the water primroses calculated yield of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) results were 54.90%, 41.40% and 3.70%, respectively. Therefore, the aquatic weed water primroses biomass are suitable feedstock for biogas production as well as future scale-up studies.

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Conversion of Carbohydrates in Lignocellulosic Biomass after Chemical Pretreatment

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15010254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Magdalena Zborowska ◽

Hanna Waliszewska ◽

Boguslawa Waliszewska ◽

Slawomir Borysiak ◽

Jakub Brozdowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Raw Material ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Chemical Pretreatment ◽

Methane Fermentation ◽

Biomass Components ◽

Qualitative Changes

The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative changes taking place in biomass components actively participating in methane fermentation, i.e., in carbohydrates, as a result of chemical pretreatment. Analyses were conducted on agricultural waste (corn stover, also called corn straw, and corncobs) as materials most commonly used in methane fermentation, as well as poplar wood, a material relatively rarely used in biogas production. Pretreatment with the aim of increasing efficiency of methane fermentation was carried out with the use of acid and alkaline solutions of different concentrations. The effect of pretreatment on carbohydrates was analyzed based on the quantitative and qualitative changes in this component. Due to the structural heterogeneity of carbohydrates, their varied reactivity and fermentability were determined in terms of holocellulose, cellulose, and pentosans. The chemical structure of cellulose was also analyzed. It is shown in this study that chemical pretreatment causes transformations of carbohydrate components, which differ quantitatively and qualitatively in the compared raw materials. It was found that the alkaline treatment caused smaller changes in the percentage shares of the carbohydrate biomass components as compared to the acid treatment. Moreover, it was observed that the compared materials differ in terms of quantitative changes in their chemical composition depending on the composition of the raw material prior to pretreatment. In the case of corn waste subjected to the action of 1 and 3% NaOH, the share of pentosans in the biomass increased. It was established that this is a change with a positive effect on fermentation efficiency. The action of acids and alkalis on the biomass led to similar structural changes in cellulose, which are adverse for the fermentation process.

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Co-digestion of agricultural and municipal waste to produce energy and soil amendment

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x17715097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 991-996 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maritza A Macias-Corral ◽

Zohrab A Samani ◽

Adrian T Hanson ◽

Paul A Funk

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Methane Production ◽

Soil Amendment ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

The United States ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Organic Loading

In agriculture, manure and cotton gin waste are major environmental liabilities. Likewise, grass is an important organic component of municipal waste. These wastes were combined and used as substrates in a two-phase, pilot-scale anaerobic digester to evaluate the potential for biogas (methane) production, waste minimisation, and the digestate value as soil amendment. The anaerobic digestion process did not show signs of inhibition. Biogas production increased during the first 2 weeks of operation, when chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acid concentrations and the organic loading rate to the system were high. Chemical oxygen demand from the anaerobic columns remained relatively steady after the first week of operation, even at high organic loading rates. The experiment lasted about 1 month and produced 96.5 m3 of biogas (68 m3 of CH4) per tonne of waste. In terms of chemical oxygen demand to methane conversion efficiency, the system generated 62% of the theoretical methane production; the chemical oxygen demand/volatile solids degradation rate was 62%, compared with the theoretical 66%. The results showed that co-digestion and subsequent digestate composting resulted in about 60% and 75% mass and volume reductions, respectively. Digestate analysis showed that it can be used as a high nutrient content soil amendment. The digestate met Class A faecal coliform standards (highest quality) established in the United States for biosolids. Digestion and subsequent composting concentrated the digestate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content by 37%, 24%, and 317%, respectively. Multi-substrate co-digestion is a practical alternative for agricultural waste management, minimisation of landfill disposal, and it also results in the production of valuable products.

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