scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF USE OF WASTE-FREE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-206
Author(s):  
Valeriia VOVK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises

The article explores the economic essence of the concept of “waste-free technologies” and it was determined that the main idea of waste-free production is the conversion of residues of secondary raw materials and waste obtained in the production process into finished products, which is able to bring economic benefits to the enterprise. Has been analyzed the dynamics of the volume of generated and utilized agricultural waste in Ukraine in 2010-2019. And it was determined that no more than 30% of waste is disposed of, the share of which has been rapidly decreasing in recent years. It was noted that the agro-industrial complex is one of the material-intensive and high-waste sectors of the economy, which accounts for a significant part of greenhouse gas emissions - more than 12%. It is concluded that the introduction of waste-free production technologies in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine will not only reduce the amount of waste generated and their impact on the environment, but it is also a source of income by replenishing the energy balance of enterprises. Attention is paid to the most promising direction for the introduction of waste-free technologies at agricultural enterprises - the production of biogas from organic waste (biomass). It is noted that agricultural waste, mainly animal waste, such as manure, chicken droppings, can be an additional source of replenishing the energy balance of agricultural enterprises and ensuring the energy security of the region. Have been analyzed the volumes of animal waste generation in Ukraine and the potential for biogas production from manure in Ukraine in 2020. A sample of the 10 largest biogas plants in Ukraine was carried out and the further development of the bioenergy sector in 2050 in terms of biogas production was predicted. 6 main environmental effects from the introduction of biogas complexes in Ukraine were identified. The main directions of the European Green Deal are characterized and the key areas of harmonization of domestic legislation on waste management are given with European ones.

Revival of resource potential of cattle breeding as a competitiveness development factor for enterprises of dairy subcomplex of Ukrainian agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Yemtsev ◽  
◽  
N. M. Slobodyanyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Development Factor

Permanent crises in the Ukrainian economy, the devaluation of the hryvnia, decline in household income and purchasing power, increased competition in the global market, as well as the continuous rise in world prices for food and non-food items have created new realities for enterprise functioning in the dairy subcomplex of Ukrainian agro-industrial complex and cause its transformation. World milk production and consumption are increasing. However, there are opposite trends in Ukraine: in 1990, the country produced 24.5 million tons of milk and was the 6th in the world ranking of milk producing countries, in 2020 – 9.3 million tons and the 22nd place, respectively. Therefore, the study of the reasons for the existence of these trends is very relevant. The research was based on the following methods: qualitative analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical analysis, comparisons, analytical and logical generalizations, etc. At the beginning of 2021, the total number of cattle in Ukraine amounted to 2.874 million and over the past 10 years, this number has decreased by 1.952 million, including cows – by 0.958 million. Milk production remains a small-scale branch. In 2020, 9.263 million tons of milk were produced (17.66% less than in 2010). Of these, 29.8% – in agricultural enterprises and 70.2% – in private households. However, the sanitary quality control of milk is carried out only in 14.8% of private households, therefore, in 2020, the main milk supplier for processing were agricultural enterprises, which supplied 77.2% of the total amount of milk delivered for processing, thus ensuring an increase in quality and safety of milk obtained by processing enterprises. A significant reduction in the volume of milk supplies for processing led to a decrease in the number of processing enterprises by 69.14% in 2020 compared to 1990. The main factors of transformation of the dairy subcomplex of Ukraine include declining cow population, insufficient quality of raw milk and its non-compliance with the EU regulations and standards, low technological level of milk production, insufficient quality control of raw materials, lack of modern equipment, high capital and labor intensity of production processes, rising prices for energy and other resources, lower consumption of dairy products due to low purchasing ability, increased competition in global and domestic dairy markets, etc. Possible directions of small-scale milk producers’ integration need further research.

scholarly journals Utilization of Delignified Sawdust as Raw Material of Biogas Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfarina Zumalla ◽  
Budiyono ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
The Right

Biogas is one alternative to replace the irreplaceable energy source that has begun to diminish its existence. The raw materials for biogas manufacture are renewable biomass, usually using plantation waste, agriculture, and livestock. Using biogas can also reduce environmental pollution. One of the agricultural waste that has great potential to become the raw material of biogas is teak sawdust. Wood processing industry in Indonesia quite a lot, but wood has a high lignosesluosa content, so it needs the right method to process it. With the delignification of lignin levels on teak sawdust will decrease. Wood sawdust is soaked using NaOH for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days with 4% w / v concentration. The lowest lignin and hemicellulose content was 25.79% and 87.9% in pretreatment for 4 days, while the highest cellulose level was 57, 34%. The accumulated volume of biogas at 1 day pretreatment, ie 709 ml / g TS. Gcms shows the enlarged peak area of methanamine, N-methyl from before pretreatment. The fastest biogas formation (λ) in 4 days pretreatment, 1.60403 days and the largest constant A and U variables at 1 day were 914.5903 ml / g TS and 34.59765 ml / g TS.

scholarly journals Increasing the Biogas Potential of Rapeseed Straw Using Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8307
Author(s):  
Dawid Szwarc ◽  
Katarzyna Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Rapeseed Straw ◽  
Pre Treatment

Due to the high availability of lignocellulosic biomass, which can be obtained from terrestrial plants, agricultural waste biomass, and the agro-food, paper or wood industries, its use for energy production by methane fermentation is economically and environmentally justified. However, due to their complex structures, lignocellulosic substrates have a low conversion factor to biogas. Therefore, scientists are still working on the development of new methods of the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic materials that will increase the biogas productivity from lignocellulosic biomass. The presented research focuses on the use of a pulsed electric field (PEF) to disintegrate rapeseed straw prior to the methane fermentation process. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that, in the disintegrated sample, the extent of damage to the plant tissue was more severe than in the control sample. In the sample disintegrated for 7 min, the chemical oxygen demand increased from 4146 ± 75 mg/L to 4920 ± 60 mg/L. The best result was achieved with a 5-min PEF pre-treatment. The methane production reached 290.8 ± 12.1 NmL CH4/g VS, and the biogas production was 478.0 ± 27.5 NmL/g VS; it was 14% and 15% higher, respectively, compared to the control sample.

scholarly journals Economic calculations of the potential of renewable bioenergy production in formation of energy independence of the agro-industrial complex

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 311 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Grygorii Kaletnik ◽  
Inna Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Energy Independence

The purpose of the article is to calculate the potential for energy independence of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine based on the sustainable development principles. Research methods. Among the methods used: abstract-logical (to determine the essence and mechanisms of ensuring energy independence of economic systems and the agro-industrial complex); economic and statistical (for analyzing the potential of renewable bioenergy in order to form energy independence); comparative analysis (to determine the institutional contours of the priority of the use of renewable bioenergy in the formation of energy independence of the agro-industrial complex). Research results. The area of agricultural land is calculated, which will ensure the cultivation of the required amount of crop and livestock products for food consumption in accordance with the norms of the physiological needs of the population of Ukraine in basic nutrients. The analysis of the export of agricultural products by commodity groups was carried out and the calculations of the amount of agricultural land required for its provision were made. The volume of gross international reserves and the trends of their formation in dynamics from 2009 to 2020 are analyzed. Scientific novelty. The world volume of corn production, corn export by the largest producing countries and the share of its processing for biofuels were investigated. Studied and systematized the foreign experience of the USA, Germany, Brazil, Czech Republic, China, India and other countries-producers of biofuel, which use as raw materials sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, corn silage, animal husbandry and crop waste. Practical significance. The formation of the structure of sown areas under energy crops with high rates of bioenergy yield from one ton of raw materials and one hectare of sowing has been carried out, as well as the calculation of the possible volumes of production of such energy in Ukraine. The number of livestock of farm animals husbandry is given, the volume of animal waste generation in Ukraine and the potential for biogas production from manure are calculated. In addition, it was found that the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, without a threat to the food security of the state and export potential, has the ability to provide energy independence of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and the state as a whole.

scholarly journals THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS AS A SOURCE FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Yurii Furdas ◽  
◽  
Khrystyna Kozak ◽  
Olena Savchenko ◽  
Mariia Lunyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Solid Liquid

As raw materials in bioenergy can be used agricultural residues formed in the process of harvesting crops and the process of their processing, in particular straw cereals, legumes, corn and sunflower seeds, etc. For energy needs, agricultural biomass is used by burning or processing into solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. In the production of gaseous fuel in special plants - bioreactors, agricultural waste is formed not only as a source of energy - biogas, but also as excellent fertilizers. In this article, studies have shown that the amount of biogas produced depends on the type of biomass and fermentation time. The largest amount of biogas is produced within 10 days from the date of loading of organic biomass. It was found that the highest daily biogas production is formed from grass and grain silage, the maximum value of which is 1.76 m3. The smallest - from rapeseed silage – 0.33 m3.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Coffee Pulp and Chicken Feathers Using Liquid- and Solid-State Anaerobic Digestions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4664
Author(s):  
Siswo Sumardiono ◽  
Bakti Jos ◽  
Agata Advensia Eksa Dewanti ◽  
Isa Mahendra ◽  
Heri Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
The Difference

Agricultural waste, particularly lignocellulose, has been used in the second generation of biogas. Coffee pulp and chicken feathers can be developed as biogas raw materials because of their suitability as a biogas substrate. This study investigates the effect of the percentage of total solids (TS), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N, g/g), and delignification pretreatment on biogas production from coffee pulp and chicken feathers, and aims to compose kinetics using the modified Gompertz model. The results show that adjusting the percentage of TS at low-level speeds up the degradation process, which increases chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and biogas production. COD reduction and biogas production increase optimally at the 25 (g/g) C/N ratio. Pretreatment delignification aids microorganisms in substrate decomposition, resulting in faster COD reduction and biogas conversion. The 25% TS and 25 (g/g) C/N ratio with the delignification process achieved the best biogas production, with biogas production of 10,438.04 mL. The Gompertz method shows that the difference in TS percentage can influence biogas production. Moreover, the method shows that biogas production is higher with the delignification process than without it.

scholarly journals Production of biogas at wastewater treatment plants and its further application

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 04016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Makisha ◽  
Daria Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Wide Range

This article covered a wide range of questions on the topic of production and use of biogas as alternative energy source. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of biomass due to the breakdown of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, which constitute the bulk of organic matter. The article describes the most common methods of biogas production, their stages and characteristics. In addition, the article describes some of the possible areas of application of biogas on example of different countries. The article also provides information about key environmental and economic benefits in the case of use of biogas: prevention of methane emissions and lower emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere; the possibility of using secondary raw materials to generate electricity.

scholarly journals Modernization of production is an effective mechanism for solving problems of agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
M. Yerenkhan ◽  
◽  
I. P. Bogomolova ◽  
M. K. Tuleubayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The North ◽  
National Market ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Flour Production

The goal is to address the issues of modernization and diversification in agricultural sector in order to increase the level of socio-economic development of the country. The article presents domestic and foreign experience of the States which implement these transformations in enterprises for the efficient use of production resources, reduction of labor costs, and increasing income. Objectives – to show that positive directions for expanding the scope of activities in production of products by increasing its range will optimize logistics costs, reduce dependence on supplies, which causes significant material and monetary costs, and gain independence from suppliers of necessary materials and raw materials. The results confirm that in agro-industrial complex, along with specialization, an objective necessity is diversified development, i.e. diversification and reconstruction. Agricultural enterprises in the North Kazakhstan region have experience related to this strategy. In the region, one can mention successful examples of organizing flour production on farms, which contributes to meeting the demand for flour-grinding products without intermediaries between producers and consumers, directly selling them to bakery enterprises, bakeries of the republic. The livestock complex of the NKR increases production of milk and its processing products butter, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, kefir and yogurt. The conclusions reflect that the processes of modernization and diversification in agro-industrial complex should be carried out simultaneously with deepening of the specialized focus of production, increase in interregional and industrial exchange, which is a powerful basis for the development of the national market and multi-structured economy.

scholarly journals Conversion of Carbohydrates in Lignocellulosic Biomass after Chemical Pretreatment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
Hanna Waliszewska ◽  
Boguslawa Waliszewska ◽  
Slawomir Borysiak ◽  
Jakub Brozdowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative changes taking place in biomass components actively participating in methane fermentation, i.e., in carbohydrates, as a result of chemical pretreatment. Analyses were conducted on agricultural waste (corn stover, also called corn straw, and corncobs) as materials most commonly used in methane fermentation, as well as poplar wood, a material relatively rarely used in biogas production. Pretreatment with the aim of increasing efficiency of methane fermentation was carried out with the use of acid and alkaline solutions of different concentrations. The effect of pretreatment on carbohydrates was analyzed based on the quantitative and qualitative changes in this component. Due to the structural heterogeneity of carbohydrates, their varied reactivity and fermentability were determined in terms of holocellulose, cellulose, and pentosans. The chemical structure of cellulose was also analyzed. It is shown in this study that chemical pretreatment causes transformations of carbohydrate components, which differ quantitatively and qualitatively in the compared raw materials. It was found that the alkaline treatment caused smaller changes in the percentage shares of the carbohydrate biomass components as compared to the acid treatment. Moreover, it was observed that the compared materials differ in terms of quantitative changes in their chemical composition depending on the composition of the raw material prior to pretreatment. In the case of corn waste subjected to the action of 1 and 3% NaOH, the share of pentosans in the biomass increased. It was established that this is a change with a positive effect on fermentation efficiency. The action of acids and alkalis on the biomass led to similar structural changes in cellulose, which are adverse for the fermentation process.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF BIOLFUEL MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Proshchalykina ◽  
◽  
Victoria Denisenko ◽  
Anton Proshchalykin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Sufficient Resource

The features of the biofuel market development in Ukraine are studied. It was determined that Ukraine has sufficient resource potential for the production of such main types of biofuels as: rare types of motor fuel (biodiesel and bioethanol), biogas from the processing of agricultural waste and other organic waste, biomass for heat production. When choosing a location for production facilities, it is necessary to focus on the availability of raw materials. The demand for biofuels, both in Ukraine and in the world, exceeds the supply. Therefore, the market is characterized by positive dynamics. The main obstacles to the development of the market are the instability of supply and sales, underdeveloped infrastructure, insufficient investment, and problems with technical equipment. Analyzing the opportunities and threats to the development of bioenergy in Ukraine, it was determined that under the conditions of state support, the benefits of developing biofuels will exceed the possible risks. It is important to create a motivational environment for business entities, to create conditions for predicting the payback periods of investment projects in this area. Prospects for the development of the biofuel market associated with the formation of bioclusters, which will allow systematic interaction between suppliers, producers, sellers and consumers of biofuels. Clusters allow you to obtain synergies from the sharing of resources, production base and infrastructure. The development of the infrastructure of the market under consideration should take place with government assistance and be considered as a strategic direction for enhancing the country's energy security. The development of electronic exchanges for trading biofuel and resources for its production is promising. In this way, the problem of stability in the sale of finished products can be overcome.

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