scholarly journals (Not So) Stranded: The Case of Coal in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8476
Author(s):  
Waldemar Karpa ◽  
Antonio Grginović
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Financial Evaluation ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Economic Outlook

This paper provides an evaluation of the stranding risks of coal in Poland. Combining an industrial organization and financial analysis approach, we assess the current economic situation of companies operating within the coal industry and draft forecasts for the future. Based on the global economic outlook for coal, we claim that phasing-out coal will take at least two decades, due to the slow transformation of the energy sector and increasing energy demand. The financial evaluation of coal-dependent companies revealed sound financial conditions due to favorable trends in coal prices in international markets. Therefore, instead of prioritizing a rapid phasing-out of coal, we pledge to make more technological investments that would make burning coal less harmful for the planet and thus efficiently mitigate the negative effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Case study of a water bioengineering construction site in Austria. Ecological aspects and application of an environmental life cycle assessment model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von der Thannen ◽  
S. Hoerbinger ◽  
C. Muellebner ◽  
H. Biber ◽  
H. P. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractRecently, applications of soil and water bioengineering constructions using living plants and supplementary materials have become increasingly popular. Besides technical effects, soil and water bioengineering has the advantage of additionally taking into consideration ecological values and the values of landscape aesthetics. When implementing soil and water bioengineering structures, suitable plants must be selected, and the structures must be given a dimension taking into account potential impact loads. A consideration of energy flows and the potential negative impact of construction in terms of energy and greenhouse gas balance has been neglected until now. The current study closes this gap of knowledge by introducing a method for detecting the possible negative effects of installing soil and water bioengineering measures. For this purpose, an environmental life cycle assessment model has been applied. The impact categories global warming potential and cumulative energy demand are used in this paper to describe the type of impacts which a bioengineering construction site causes. Additionally, the water bioengineering measure is contrasted with a conventional civil engineering structure. The results determine that the bioengineering alternative performs slightly better, in terms of energy demand and global warming potential, than the conventional measure. The most relevant factor is shown to be the impact of the running machines at the water bioengineering construction site. Finally, an integral ecological assessment model for applications of soil and water bioengineering structures should point out the potential negative effects caused during installation and, furthermore, integrate the assessment of potential positive effects due to the development of living plants in the use stage of the structures.

SIMULATION BASED COMPLEX ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF OFFICE BUILDING FENESTRATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Motuzienė ◽  
Egidijus Saulius Juodis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Glazed Facade

The number of office buildings with highly fenestrated facades is currently increasing in Lithuania and neighboring countries. Highly fenestrated facades reduce energy consumption for lighting and simultaneously increase energy consumption for heating, cooling, air conveying and may cause thermal and visual discomfort. Pursuing to reduce negative effects of the highly glazed facade, special glasses are frequently used. However, such windows usually increase demand for lighting energy. Therefore, when making early decisions about glazing the building, it is important to have a complex evaluation of energy demand related to the specific case. The paper presents the results of analysis made using energy simulation tools. The obtained results have shown that when shading is not applied, the north is the most energy efficient orientation to glazing for an air conditioned office building in cool climate zones like Lithuania. The most energy efficient window‐to‐wall ratios (WWR) for the south, east and west oriented façade are 20%, whereas for the north it makes 20–40%. However, such WWR values do not satisfy standard requirements for day lighting. Santrauka Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvoje ir kaimyninese šalyse daugeja administracines paskirties pastatu, kuriu dauguma išoriniu atitvaru yra skaidrios. Didesnis istiklinimo plotas lemia mažesnius energijos poreikius apšvietimui, tačiau didina šildymo ir vesinimo sistemu energijos poreikius, sukelia šilumini bei vizualini diskomforta. Neigiamai dideliu skaidriu atitvaru itakai sumažinti naudojami tamsinti ir kitu specialiu charakteristiku stiklai, tačiau tai savo ruožtu didina energijos poreiki apšvietimui. Todel, priimant sprendimus del pastato istiklinimo, svarbu prieš tai kompleksiškai išnagrineti konkretaus sprendimo itaka pastato energijos poreikiams. Straipsnyje pateikiama modeliuojant gautu rezultatu analize. Rezultatai parode, kad vesaus klimato šalyse, kurioms priklauso ir Lietuva, kondicionuojamu administraciniu pastatu fasadu, kai nenaudojamos apsaugos nuo saules priemones, energiškai efektyviausias istiklinimas yra i šiaures puse. Energiškai efektyviausias santykinis fasado istiklinimo plotas pietines, rytines ir vakarines orientacijos fasadams yra 20 %, o šiaurines ‐ 20–40 %. Tačiau tokie istiklinimo plotai neatitinka norminiu natūralaus apšvietimo reikalavimu.

Exporting Without Direct Access to International Markets

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-123
Author(s):  
Burak Erkut
Keyword(s):  
Access Point ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Export Decisions ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Turkish Cypriot ◽  
Enterprise Survey

In the literature on exports, the question of why some firms decide to export and why others decide to focus on the domestic market has only received fragmented and different answers. The only overemphasized factor, productivity, seems to be a dead end when empirical evidence is given for high productivity firms which decide to remain in the domestic market. This is mainly due to the ignorance of the role of the firm in international trade by the majority of the literature. In this empirical research, the aim of the author is to test the impact of legal, institutional, and financial conditions on the firm decision to export based on the Enterprise Survey by the World Bank for the Turkish Cypriot people, which remained out of the international community for 57 years, where Turkey emerged as its access point to international markets. Hence, the study contributes to the existing literature on export development by highlighting the obstacles in front of the export decisions of firms and addressing a hitherto not addressed case in international economics.

In Search of Causal Relationship between FDI, GDP, and Energy Consumption - Evidence from China

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3388-3391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Cheng Kuo ◽  
Chi Ya Chang ◽  
Mei Hui Chen ◽  
Wei Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Negative Effects

The balance between economic growth and environmental protection has been the core concern of policy makers in developing countries for the past two decades. This study is one of the few studies to empirically inspect the relationship between economic growth, FDI, and energy consumption over the period 1978-2010 in China. The results reveal that there is a unidirectional Granger causality running from GDP to energy consumption. This suggests that increase of GDP will consume more energy and implementing of the energy conservation policies and energy demand management policies in China may not have negative impact on economic growth. Besides, a bi-directional Granger causality has been found between energy consumption and FDI. This implies that Chinese government should cautiously evaluate the positive and negative effects of FDI inflows and put efforts into making more effective control policies on environmental protection.

German fiscal expansion is unlikely despite concerns

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
Economic Outlook ◽  
The Eu

Significance The economy shrank by 0.1% quarter-on-quarter in April-June; further shrinking in the third quarter would mean a technical recession. Since growth is not likely to pick up much in the next two to three quarters, the economic outlook for Germany is gloomy, with potentially significant political consequences. Impacts Germany’s hard-line stance against ambitious euro-area reform is likely to become more entrenched. The implications of a German slowdown for the EU-26 will increase the chances of the ECB using unconventional policy to add stimulus. A recession is likely to have negative effects on Germany’s defence spending, despite US pressure on Berlin to contribute more towards NATO.

International Market Orientation and International Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Escandón-Barbosa ◽  
Miguel Hernandez-Espallardo ◽  
Augusto Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
International Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sales

The literature in the field of internationalization has managed to link other areas of knowledge such as marketing to give an explanation to the establishment of strategies to survive in international markets. In this sense, the concept of international market orientation emerges that manages to explain how businesses design a strategy to improve the satisfaction of customer needs in international contexts. The purpose of this article is finding the factors that influence the relationship between the international market orientation and international results. In turn, the directors of export SME´s should be aware that entering international markets prematurely and achieving a significant percentage by volume of international sales does not necessarily guarantee better international performance. They should search for other types of resources or capabilities that permit better possibilities of obtaining competitive advantage in the long-term, such as the adoption of an international market orientation, which makes it possible to evaluate and analyze the internal and external factors present in a company’s internal dynamics. To achieve this objective is taken as the unit of analysis Colombian exporters companies through a sample of 319 surveys and that are processed in a hierarchical regression analysis. The main findings confirm that adopt a strategy of international orientation relative to other strategies such as innovative and entrepreneurial orientation does have positive effects on the internationalization of companies. However, this strategy has a tendency to saturation and therefore can generate negative effects on the international results.

scholarly journals The Use of Financial Analysis in Predicting the Failure of the Joint-Stock Industrial Companies - An Applied Study on a Sample of Iraqi Industrial Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Nabil Ibrahim Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
General Period ◽  
Year 2013

The failure of companies is one of the most important topics that prompted many writers and researchers to study them, due to the negative effects it may have on the national economy and on society as a whole. There are many methods of financial analysis in predicting failure, including the Altman model. As Altman's equation was applied to the data obtained from the list of financial position and profit disclosure for the study sample companies and listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the results of the analysis for the years of study appeared varying for the general period from 2012 to 2017, as well as the recurrence of failure of some companies during the years of study where the value was (Z) is low ((for the year 2013 the value of Z (1.43) for the Iraqi Carpet and Furniture Company)), ((and for the year 2014 the value of Z (0.25), (-175.61), (1.70), (1.47), (1.62), for the company Al-Kindi for the production of vaccines and patient medicines, the National Company for Chemical and Plastic Industries, the Iraqi Company for the manufacture and marketing of dates, Baghdad for the manufacture of packaging materials, and the Iraqi carpets and furnishings, respectively)).

scholarly journals Dysfunctionality of two-part transfer pricing in investment centers' performance assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-304
Author(s):  
Liudmila A. Guzikova ◽  
Igor A. Nechitaylo
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Real Options Theory ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Options Theory

The paper discusses the question of the ability of the two-part transfer pricing system to stimulate investment centers to reject projects with positive NPV and to accept projects with negative NPV when there is no external market for intermediate products. The study revealed under which circumstances investment centers can take such dysfunctional decisions and it investigated if these systems can be modified to eliminate negative effects of such circumstances. In order to solve these problems, methods of financial analysis, real options theory and theory of constraints were used and several hypothetical business situations were modelled to exemplify possible dysfunctional behavior of investment centers when strategic decisions are taken in a decentralized manner. The paper considers the reasons for taking such decisions, such as using average rates of resource costs in calculating the transfer payment, presence of the real options in related projects complex and breaking the five focusing steps of the theory of constraints.

scholarly journals LCA as a Tool for the Environmental Management of Car Tire Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotrowska Katarzyna ◽  
Piasecka Izabela ◽  
Bałdowska-Witos Patrycja ◽  
Kruszelnicka Weronika ◽  
Tomporowski Andrzej
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Cumulative Energy Demand ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Car tire manufacturing can be the cause of numerous environmental hazards. Harmful emissions from the production process are an acute danger to human health as well as the environment. To mitigate these unwanted consequences, manufacturers employ the eco-balance analysis at the product designing and development stage, when formulating general development strategies, and increasingly when investigating the entire product lifecycle management process. Since the negative effects of products are considered in a broader range of implications, it has become necessary to extend the traditional scope of analytical interest onto the production, use, and end-of-life stages. This work investigates the manufacturing of passenger car tires executed with traditional and modern manufacturing technologies. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of tires reported in this study involved three LCA methods: Eco-Indicator 99, Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and the scientific assessment methods developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Global Warming Potential (IPCC). LCA as a tool for environmental analysis can be carried out for the entire life cycle or its individual phases. The implementation of the work made it possible to demonstrate that as a result of the identification of the main sources of negative impacts, it is possible to propose ways to minimize these impacts in the car tire manufacturing process. The results indicate that the most damaging impact is the depletion of natural resources, which play a key role in the production process of car tires.

Financial Evaluation of Information Systems Investments

2003 ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Charlene A. Dykman
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Financial Evaluation ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
General Management ◽  
Expert Power ◽  
System Acquisition ◽  
Is Projects

Information systems represent a significant investment for most organizations, regardless of the industry. Managers need to understand that the decision to spend millions, or billions, of dollars on an information system should be analyzed just like any other major purchase. It seems that general management often just “gives in” to the “expert power” of the technologists, both internal and external to the organization. Calculating the Return on Investment (ROI) of an information system acquisition may not be quite as simple or straightforward as doing so for other capital expenditures. However, it is still possible, and necessary, to do the financial analysis. Discussed in this chapter are the issues involved in evaluating information system investment decisions as well as the applicability of various financial measures to evaluation of IS projects.

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