scholarly journals Integrating Ambient Intelligence Technologies for Empowering Agriculture

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Christos Stratakis ◽  
Nikolaos Menelaos Stivaktakis ◽  
Manousos Bouloukakis ◽  
Asterios Leonidis ◽  
Maria Doxastaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Intelligent Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Systems

This work blends the domain of Precision Agriculture with the prevalent paradigm of Ambient Intelligence, so as to enhance the interaction between farmers and Intelligent Environments, and support their various daily agricultural activities, aspiring to improve the quality and quantity of cultivated plants. In this paper, two systems are presented, namely the Intelligent Greenhouse and the AmI seedbed, targeting a wide range of agricultural activities, starting from planting the seeds, caring for each individual sprouted plant up to their transplantation in the greenhouse, where the provision for the entire plantation lasts until the harvesting period.

scholarly journals Applying Nitrogen Site-Specifically Using Soil Electrical Conductivity Maps and Precision Agriculture Technology

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Lund ◽  
M.C. Wolcott ◽  
G.P. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Variable Yield ◽  
Wide Range

Soil texture varies significantly within many agricultural fields. The physical properties of soil, such as soil texture, have a direct effect on water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, crop yield, production capability, and nitrogen (N) loss variations within a field. In short, mobile nutrients are used, lost, and stored differently as soil textures vary. A uniform application of N to varying soils results in a wide range of N availability to the crop. N applied in excess of crop usage results in a waste of the grower’s input expense, a potential negative effect on the environment, and in some crops a reduction of crop quality, yield, and harvestability. Inadequate N levels represent a lost opportunity for crop yield and profit. The global positioning system (GPS)-referenced mapping of bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC) has been shown to serve as an effective proxy for soil texture and other soil properties. Soils with a high clay content conduct more electricity than coarser textured soils, which results in higher EC values. This paper will describe the EC mapping process and provide case studies of site-specific N applications based on EC maps. Results of these case studies suggest that N can be managed site-specifically using a variety of management practices, including soil sampling, variable yield goals, and cropping history.

scholarly journals On Harmonization of Business Accounting and the SNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Ivanov ◽  
T. A. Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

The article considers a wide range of questions pertaining to possible and applicable harmonization of business accounting and the SNA which would, if implemented, facilitate the improvement of the information base for the compilation of national accounts and consistency of analysis of economy at micro and macro levels. The authors note that total harmonization of the two systems of information cannot be achieved due to diff erences in their key objectives. The harmonization of selected indicators and classifi cation, however, is possible and useful. In this context, the views on this matter of internationally-recognized national accounts experts, such as R. Ruggles (the USA) and F. Bos (the Netherlands), are commented on. A comparative analysis of concepts and defi nitions of some indicators of both systems is presented in the article. In particular, the diff erences between the income defi nitions. For instance, it is noted that the SNA defi nition of income is based on the concept developed by J. Hiсks and it excludes income from sales of assets and holding gains, whereas in business accounting this method is not adopted. The diff erences between two systems in defi nitions of sale of output, input, profi t and methods of valuation of indicators are also described in the article. The authors substantiate the possible directions and sequence of individual steps to the harmonization of the SNA and business accounting in the Russian Federation. They emphasize the need for close interaction between Rosstat and the Ministry of Finance of Russia in carrying out this vital work, which is necessary for creating single information, statistical and methodological space in Russia, to improve the quality of statistics and accounting, analytical work in general and management decisions.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Two Sonic Measuring Systems for Demersal Fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Dowd ◽  
E. Bakken ◽  
O. Nakken
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
High Density ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Digital Counter ◽  
Schooling Fish ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Systems

Two sonic methods for estimation of abundance of fish stocks, the echo integrator and the digital counter methods, were compared on single and schooling fish in the Lofoten area of Norway during March 1969. Good correlation was obtained between the two systems for both situations, but the slopes of the regressions of integrated values on the digital counter differed significantly between low and high density fish concentrations. This suggests that the two systems treated the echo information differently, but nevertheless maintained a linear relation between themselves over a wide range of counts.

CAFCLA

2015 ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar García ◽  
Ricardo S. Alonso ◽  
Dante I. Tapia ◽  
Juan M. Corchado
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Agent Technology ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Multi Agent

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) promotes the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in daily life in order to ease the execution of everyday tasks. In this sense, education becomes a field where AmI can improve the learning process by means of context-aware technologies. However, it is necessary to develop new tools that can be adapted to a wide range of technologies and application scenarios. Here is where Agent Technology can demonstrate its potential. This chapter presents CAFCLA, a multi-agent framework that allows developing learning applications based on the pedagogical CSCL (Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning) approach and the Ambient Intelligence paradigm. CAFCLA integrates different context-aware technologies so that learning applications designed, developed, and deployed upon it are dynamic, adaptive, and easy to use by users such as students and teachers.

scholarly journals ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ interferes with the distribution and uptake of iron in tomato

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Buoso ◽  
Laura Pagliari ◽  
Rita Musetti ◽  
Marta Martini ◽  
Fabio Marroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection

Abstract Background ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ is endemic in Europe and infects a wide range of weeds and cultivated plants. Phytoplasmas are prokaryotic plant pathogens that colonize the sieve elements of their host plant, causing severe alterations in phloem function and impairment of assimilate translocation. Typical symptoms of infected plants include yellowing of leaves or shoots, leaf curling, and general stunting, but the molecular mechanisms underlying most of the reported changes remain largely enigmatic. To infer a possible involvement of Fe in the host-phytoplasma interaction, we investigated the effects of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) grown under different Fe regimes. Results Both phytoplasma infection and Fe starvation led to the development of chlorotic leaves and altered thylakoid organization. In infected plants, Fe accumulated in phloem tissue, altering the local distribution of Fe. In infected plants, Fe starvation had additive effects on chlorophyll content and leaf chlorosis, suggesting that the two conditions affected the phenotypic readout via separate routes. To gain insights into the transcriptional response to phytoplasma infection, or Fe deficiency, transcriptome profiling was performed on midrib-enriched leaves. RNA-seq analysis revealed that both stress conditions altered the expression of a large (> 800) subset of common genes involved in photosynthetic light reactions, porphyrin / chlorophyll metabolism, and in flowering control. In Fe-deficient plants, phytoplasma infection perturbed the Fe deficiency response in roots, possibly by interference with the synthesis or transport of a promotive signal transmitted from the leaves to the roots. Conclusions ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection changes the Fe distribution in tomato leaves, affects the photosynthetic machinery and perturbs the orchestration of root-mediated transport processes by compromising shoot-to-root communication.

scholarly journals Ecology of neotropical mistletoes: an important canopy-dwelling component of Brazilian ecosystems

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Arruda ◽  
Rodrigo Ferreira Fadini ◽  
Lucélia Nobre Carvalho ◽  
Kleber Del-Claro ◽  
Fabiana Alves Mourão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Key Resources

Mistletoes have been studied in temperate countries regularly because they can be pests of cultivated plants and forest plantations. In comparison with temperate habitats, little is known about the ecology of mistletoes in the Neotropics. More emphasis should be given to neotropical mistletoes because they could be important elements of plant communities, acting as key resources for pollinators, seed dispersers and herbivores. Using a combination of findings from early mistletoe studies and empirical evidence from several recent case studies, we report emerging patterns of mistletoe interactions with associated organisms and propose aims for further studies. There has been increasing interest in working with mistletoes in Brazil. Although there are some data on the ecology of mistletoe seed dispersal, reproductive biology studies are scarce and represent a wide range of fieldwork to be explored. Knowledge of the basic biology of mistletoes will be very important for modeling their spatial distribution using metapopulation or epidemiological approaches. In this review, we summarize the studies conducted in the neotropical region in order to provide a framework for current research and new ideas for future investigations of mistletoes, especially in Brazil.

The impact of LTE-FDD at the LTE-TDD for the co-existence under 2.6 GHz band for Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Ahmed ◽  
M.F.L. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Frequency Allocation ◽  
Edge Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Impact

For the co-existence scenario between LTE-FDD and LTE-TDD systems, if the two systems are using an adjacent frequency carrier, there will be a need for spatial separation between the eNodeBs of the two systems, otherwise the two systems will interfere each other. The study is implemented based on realistic parameters in order to help the network designer to make a decision about the best frequency allocation and network deployments in order to achieve higher performance under the lowest possible cost. Throughout this paper, the effect of the FDD system at the TDD is evaluated under wide range of ACIR and separation distances between the two systems eNodeBs as well. The results showed that, the recommended ACIR offset by the 3GPP is not enough for the LTE-TDD uplink throughput loss ratio to be acceptable, whereas 115 dB, 45 dB, and 35 dB of the ACIR is required for the throughput loss ratio in order to drop less than 5% for the co-located, Mid-point, and Edge-point eNodeBs deployment scenario respectively. Meanwhile, comparing to the uplink case, the downlink of the TDD system is much coherent; the recommended ACIR offset is only unacceptable for the co-located deployment case, whereas 50 dB of the ACIR is required for the system to drop less than 5%.

scholarly journals The Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 09): A Report

AI Magazine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Vic Callaghan ◽  
Achilles Kameas ◽  
Dolors Royo ◽  
Angelica Reyes ◽  
Leandro Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Intelligent Environments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Technical University

The development of intelligent environments is considered an important step towards the realization of the ambient intelligence vision. Intelligent environments are technologically augmented everyday spaces, which intuitively support human activity. The IE conferences traditionally provide a leading edge forum for researchers and engineers to present their latest research and to discuss future directions in the area of intelligent environments. This article briefly presents the content of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE09), which was held July 20–21 at the Castelldefels campus, of the Technical University of Catalonia, near Barcelona, Spain.

The Occurrence of Tylenchus dipsaci Kühn, in Wild Host Plants in South-West England

1929 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. H. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
South West England

The plant parasitic nematode, Tylenchus dipsaci Kühn, commonly known as the stem eelworm, or alternatively when occurring in narcissus, the bulb eelworm, is a major pest of a wide range of cultivated plants. Accurate knowledge concerning the detailed life-history of the nematode is still of limited extent, despite the large numbers of workers who, throughout Europe and more recently North America, have devoted much time to a study of the subject. In particular it is clear that much remains to be learned concerning the “biologic strain” theory. Investigators, probably without exception, agree that a large number of, so-called, biologic strains of the worm occur. Each of these strains, while morphologically identical with the others, appears to be restricted more or less rigidly to a particular species of host plant.

The biology and host specificity of the Echium leaf miner Dialectica scalariella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wapshere ◽  
A. A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Host Restriction ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe gracillariid leaf miner Dialectica scalariella (Zell.), which occurs in Mediterranean Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and the Canaries, is a potential biological control agent for the weed Echium plantagineum in Australia. The moth has a high fecundity and oviposits on the leaves of Echium spp. and other Boraginaceae. The larvae destroy the leaves by forming large bulbous blotch mines. There are 5-7 generations per year. Host restriction of D. scalariella to Boraginaceae was tested by exposing a wide range of cultivated plants considered to be most at risk from it because of their close relation to Boraginaceae, because they were of Australian or non-European origin, because they did not occur in the same ecoclimatic region as D. scalariella, because their entomological fauna was poorly known, and because they or related plants were known to be attacked by insects closely related to D. scalariella. The host restriction of the moth was confirmed as only boraginaceous plants were attacked. It was concluded that both in terms of effectiveness and specificity D. scalariella could serve as a biological control agent in Australia for E. plantagineum.

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