scholarly journals Sustaining Biomaterials in Bioeconomy: Roles of Education and Learning in Mekong River Basin

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Thaworn Onpraphai ◽  
Attachai Jintrawet ◽  
Bounthanh Keoboualapha ◽  
Suprapat Khuenjai ◽  
Ruijia Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
Non Destructive

The demands to improve the livelihood of small farmers require a systemic shift from fossil fuel-based and destructive approaches to sustainable renewable raw materials and non-destructive approaches. This should be accompanied by a fundamental reorganization of education and learning policies to create new bio-oriented value chains for biomaterials, food, wood, and energy, as well as in large parts of the health, manufacturing, and service industries. In the long run, the successful implementation of bio-oriented production depends on the systemic linking of both first- and second-hand learning in communities in rural as well as urban settings. The purpose of this paper is to present a concept for the co-design of a new curriculum to better equip new graduates with the ability to support the effort of the sustainable production of biomaterials that are non-destructive to the environment. To sustain biomaterials and enhance non-destructive ways of thinking, learning needs a community of practice in both online and onsite platforms—allowing students to better understand and support cascade use. Therefore, the use of by-products and recycling products after use will increase in importance. A community of practice, and institutions, must create education and learning platforms for improved actions regarding biomaterials across generations and experiences, which will subsequently be integrated into the circular value chains of the bioeconomy. The first- and second-hand learning to sustain these value chains depends on higher education and learning institutions with both legal mandates and systems approaches.

Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
The World

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.

Operationalising resilience in tropical agricultural value chains

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Aboah ◽  
Mark M.J. Wilson ◽  
Karl M. Rich ◽  
Michael C. Lyne
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stakeholder Interactions

Purpose The analysis of the concept of resilience in supply chain management studies mostly focuses on the downstream side of the value chain and tacitly assumes an unlimited supply of raw materials. This assumption is unreasonable for agricultural value chains, as upstream disruptions clearly have a material impact on the availability of raw materials, and indeed, are a common source of supply problems. This paper aims to present a framework for the operationalisation of the concept of socioecological resilience in agricultural value chains that incorporates upstream activities. Design/methodology/approach A citation network analysis was adopted to review articles. A conceptual framework is then advanced to identify elements of resilience and indicators relevant to tropical agricultural value chains. Findings There are limited studies that assess resilience in the food chain context. Flexibility, collaboration, adaptability and resourcefulness are key elements for assessing resilience at the individual chain actor level. However, the paper argues that adaptability is the relevant element for the assessment of resilience at an aggregate food system level because it considers the alteration of a system’s state of resilience. Practical implications The proposed framework and propositions accommodate stakeholder interactions in the value chain and could serve as a tool to guide the assessment of resilience in agricultural value chains. Originality/value This paper is one of the few to extend resilience to cover the socioecological interaction aspects for supply chains that yield the raw materials needed for continuity in channel-wide value creation processes.

scholarly journals Impact of Operational Research on Performance Control of a Project in the Oil and Gas Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Ionut Nica
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Extraction Refining

The explosive development of the human society in contrast to the limited character of resources determines the need for successful implementation of mathematic models in the decision-making process concerning the use of available resources. The oil industry includes a series of global processes such as mining, extraction, refining, transport (road, rail, ship and pipeline) and oil products. The products of this industry with the highest degree of utilization are gasoline and diesel but the portfolio is much broader, kerosene, bitumen, fuel and raw materials for other chemicals such as solvents, pesticides, fertilizers and materials plastic. The oil industry comprises three major areas: "upstream" extraction; refining - "midstream" and transportation and marketing of downstream products. In most cases refining is considered to be part of downstream, Oil and petroleum products are essential for many industries and their importance is vital in maintaining and developing the industrial area in the current configuration.

scholarly journals Technical Guidance on Shredded Meat Cattle Production for Strengthening the Entrepreneurial Soul for New Graduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Harapin Hafid ◽  
Nuraini Nuraini ◽  
Inderawati Inderawati ◽  
S.H. Ananda ◽  
L.O.A. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
The People ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Activity Method ◽  
Technical Guidance

Community service activities in the form of training in the application of appropriate technology for shredded production aimed at providing entrepreneurial skills and motivation. In this activity, technical guidance is carried out to increase knowledge and skills as well as work insights to the target so that they can form a shredded meat business group so that they can supply shredded needs for the people in the city of Kendari and surrounding areas. The activity method uses the technical guidance method where the participants are first given counseling related to basic knowledge of raw materials, equipment, manufacturing processes and abon assessment. Then there was a demonstration to make floss making involving the participants. The results achieved in this activity, in the form of increased knowledge and understanding of the training participants consisting of alumni of the Department of Animal Science, Halu Oleo University, were very interested and enthusiastic about receiving training materials and were very actively participating in the training activities. This situation shows that alumni majoring in animal husbandry are still in dire need of additional practice material because of the limited practical opportunities they have. In evaluating activities, participants' perception responses to follow-up activities are divided into three categories. Most want to make it for consumption and sell it as a source of income (60%), some want to make it for their own consumption with their families (30%) and some are interested but it is difficult to buy raw meat because of economic incapability (10%).

scholarly journals FEASIBILY STUDY OF THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF AGRIBIOMASS BRIQUETTES IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
G.G. Geletukha ◽  
T.A. Zheliezna ◽  
S.V. Drahniev ◽  
A.I. Bashtovyi
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Other Consumers

The purpose of the work is to carry out a preliminary feasibility study of some typical projects on the production and consumption of agribiomass briquettes in Ukraine. The task of the work is to analyse and summarize the results of the feasibility study. The research methods include an overview of the successful examples of the production and use of biomass briquettes in Ukraine, the identification of priority types of relevant projects, the assessment of the main technical and economic indicators of several typical bioenergy projects. The results of the work make it possible to conclude whether it is feasible or not to implement certain types of projects in this segment of bioenergy. It is shown that today in Ukraine there are already examples of successful implementation of projects on the production and consumption of different biomass type briquettes. These examples include projects implemented for grants and business projects. For Ukraine, several promising options for the production and use of biomass briquettes can be suggested. The three typical variants of the biofuel production projects are as follows: (1) a rural enterprise produces agribiomass briquettes and sells them as a substitute for expensive coal to the local population and other consumers using small boilers with manual loading; (2) villagers or members of a united territorial community create an energy cooperative within which they produce biomass briquettes for their own consumption; (3) a large agrarian enterprise produces briquettes from its own agricultural raw materials and sells the product partly to its employees, partly to other consumers. Typical types of projects for the use of biomass briquettes can be as follows: an individual consumer or a trade/service organization or an industrial/commercial enterprise uses biomass briquettes in an existing boiler (replacement of coal) or in a newly purchased boiler of the appropriate capacity (replacement of coal/natural gas). The results of the preliminary feasibility study of these typical projects show that all the projects are economically feasible with a discounted payback period of 3-5 years.

Design of an Online Community of Practice to Support an Emerging Doctoral Culture

2010 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
James M. Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Doctoral Program ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
State University ◽  
Track Record ◽  
History Of ◽  
Online Community Of Practice ◽  
Online Communities Of Practice

During the initial accreditation process for California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB)’s new doctorate in educational leadership, the accrediting body, the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC), presented the institution with a serious concern. Reviewers of CSUSB’s proposal to offer their first doctorate indicated that the institution did not have a history of a doctoral culture. The challenge was how to acculturate students into a doctoral culture in the absence of an established doctoral culture? The university proposed to leverage their track record creating and nurturing departmental online communities of practice by creating and nurturing a similar community of practice for scholars in the doctoral program. This online community of practice was intended to provide scaffolding which was similar to that which occurs in full-time doctoral programs where faculty and students regularly interact in both formal and informal settings. In designing the online community of practice, the Office of Distributed Learning built upon the expertise developed in the successful implementation of similar communities of practice for numerous departments across the campus.

scholarly journals Study of Iron Gall Inks, Ingredients and Paper Composition Using Non-Destructive Techniques

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 2691-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Corregidor ◽  
Rita Viegas ◽  
Luís M. Ferreira ◽  
Luís C. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Paper Degradation ◽  
Iron Gall ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

Old manuscripts are among the most important elements of the cultural and historical heritage of ancient knowledge. Unfortunately, many of them suffer from degradation, mostly those written with iron gall inks. In the present work, a study using non-destructive techniques was designed with the aim of analyzing the elemental composition and structural characteristics of iron gall inks, reproduced in laboratory, paper and their interaction when the ink is deposited on paper, inducing the paper degradation. Proton induced X-ray emission, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy provided the elemental and structural information, and photography under infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light allowed the differentiation between manufactured inks. Results show that the first step of inked paper deterioration is due to acid-hydrolysis of the cellulose and the presence of reactive Fe(II) species by reducing the crystallinity index of the paper, which is affected depending on the ink recipe and the starting raw materials. These results will be useful to future studies on ancient documents written with iron gall inks, which suffer deterioration due to ink corrosion, and to differentiate between the different paper degradation mechanisms.

Materials Databases and Knowledge Management for Advanced Nuclear Technologies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hoffelner
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Microstructure Quantification ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Non Destructive

International collaborations like the Generation IV initiative have the aim to create the technical basis for design and operation of advanced nuclear plants. Materials data shall be created in joint international materials projects. Data will be aggregated in databases like the “Generation IV materials handbook”. Mechanical data, but also microstructural information and information concerning materials production shall be included. This information will be used to create or amend code rules, to provide a basis for life-time analysis, damage assessments and for safety analyses. Such considerations need not only raw materials data but also tools for data analysis and evaluation. Multiscale modeling, establishing constitutive equations, development of advanced life-time prediction methods, quantitative correlation of mechanical properties with microstructure, quantification of environmental effects, tools for non destructive evaluation and condition based monitoring etc. are important analysis techniques needed for safe design and operation of advanced plants. These needs led the author to ask the question if current databases could not be enlarged by data evaluation and methods tools which could even end some day in the availability of web-based design codes and safety analyses. The database could also be used as a web-based discussion and development space. It could become then a powerful tool for knowledge management The paper will discuss this concept on basis of some examples.

Global Value Chains, Industrial Hubs, and Economic Development in the Twenty-first Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1048-1068
Author(s):  
Gary Gereffi ◽  
Xinyi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Athletic Footwear

This chapter uses the global value chain (GVC) framework to analyse the shifting strategies of key lead firms and first-tier suppliers in the athletic footwear and electronics industries. Growing cost pressures for labour and raw materials, as well as the potential political disruption from the escalating ‘trade war’ between the United States and China and the accelerating technological disruption sparked by the digital economy on both the demand side (e.g. e-commerce) and the supply side (e.g. automation) of GVCs, are encouraging brand leaders and major suppliers in both GVCs (such as Adidas and Nike in footwear, and Apple and Foxconn in electronics) to pursue automation in select factories in their supply chains. However, the industrial hubs where athletic footwear and electronics production is concentrated remain overwhelmingly labour-intensive, both in China and elsewhere in Asia (such as Vietnam and Indonesia) where big suppliers are moving to diversify their options.

Ochre Resources, Behavioural Complexity and Regional Patterns in the Howiesons Poort

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Dayet Bouillot ◽  
Sarah Wurz ◽  
Floréal Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The widespread use of ochre during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5 and 4 in South Africa has often been interpreted as reflecting complex behaviours amongst modern human populations. The Howiesons Poort is one of the most documented techno-complexes identified within this timeframe. It is associated with an intensification of a combination of innovative technical and symbolic behaviours. Despite the notable focus on ochre use, detailed analyses of Howiesons Poort assemblages in this respect are rare. New data on ochre exploitation from the Howiesons Poort of Klasies River main site are presented in this paper. We used non-destructive microscopic, colorimetric and chemical analyses (sem-eds, xrd) in order to describe the raw materials and the transformation of a selected sample from the Singer and Wymer ochre collection. This sample is composed of red and yellow ferruginous rocks (shale, ferricrete, siltstone and sandstone), along with whitish lumps (calcium phosphates). These lumps may have an anthropogenic origin and may be considered as pigments. Some of the red ochre pieces were probably deliberately heated. Our results enhance the impression of complexity emerging from the technical processes mastered by Howiesons Poort populations. Comparison with other Howiesons Poort ochre assemblages allows a discussion of regional variability and ‘connections’ between the sites. The scale and organization of social interactions in the Howiesons Poort are questioned.

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