scholarly journals Utilization of the Hollies (Ilex L. spp.): A Review

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Xin Yao ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The hollies (Ilex L., Aquifoliaceae) form a large (>669 spp.) genus of forest trees and shrubs, which is almost cosmopolitan in mesic environments but most diverse in subtropical China and montane South America. Throughout the range of the genus, Ilex species have been utilized as beverages, medicines, ornamentals, honey plants, timber, and for various other minor uses. Recent studies on the genomics, evolution, and biogeography of Ilex now make it possible to take a systematic approach to understanding and expanding the economic importance of the genus, but information on existing uses is scattered among numerous published and unpublished sources. We therefore review the existing literature on utilization of Ilex species, supplementing this with information from the grey literature and product websites. We show that, despite the number and diversity of known uses, most Ilex species are not known to be utilized at present, suggesting considerable unrealized potential. We highlight gaps in our knowledge and opportunities for expanded usage. Finally, we discuss how the availability of a new phylogeny and whole genome can assist screening of additional wild species for economic potential and facilitate breeding programs for species already under cultivation.

scholarly journals INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE MARKET OF MEDICAL SERVICES OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Gryshova ◽  
Tetiana Shestakovska
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Guaranteed Quality

The study of the peculiarities of the infrastructure provision of persons with disabilities in the market of medical services is considered in the article. It has been identified that the state of the infrastructure of the domestic healthcare market is characterized by the provision of medical services for people with disabilities. Every year it decreases due to the reduction of public financing of the medical sector, the inefficient use of budgetary funds, and the imperfection of national legislation, which regulates the functioning of this market. The financial resource and economic potential of the country are not able to meet the needs of persons with disabilities in medical care at a state-guaranteed quality level, especially, despite the rapid increase in the number of persons with disabilities. The factors, which influence the infrastructure provision of persons with disabilities in the market of medical services, are determined. The necessity to develop forms of public and private partnership in this area is grounded. The preconditions for forming the system of infrastructure provision of persons with disabilities in the market of medical services are defined. They are considered as a complex of organizational and economic instruments. This complex aims to expand the opportunities for persons with disabilities, taking into account their individual characteristics. The success of functioning of the whole system of social and economic provision of persons with disabilities and of the separate components of this system mostly depends on the complex and systematic approach to its institutional regulation.

Parlatoria oleae. [Distribution map].

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parlatoria oleae (Colv.) (Homopt, Coccoidea) (Olive Scale). Hosts: Wide range of trees and shrubs, notably olives, apple, pear and stone fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Lipari Islands, Sardinia, Spain, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Afghanistan, Cyprus, India, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kashmir, Lebanon, Pakistan, Persia, Syria, Turkey, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, NORTH AMERICA, U.S.A., SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil.

Cacao, Shade, and Agroforestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Dale Walters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
And Function ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

In its natural habitat, cacao grows in the shade of larger trees. In fact, 70 percent of the world’s cacao is grown with some level of shade. This comes mostly from native forest trees, thinned out to provide space for cacao seedlings to be planted, or to a lesser extent, from trees specially planted to provide shade. This mixture of shade trees and shrubs creates a three-tier canopy, resulting in a multi-species system similar in structure and function to a forest, known as an agroforest. Cacao agroforestry systems include full-sun cacao, diversified-shade cacao, and specialized-shade cacao. Achieving an appropriate level of shading for cacao is important, since it affects yield and can influence pest and disease outbreaks. Shade in cacao also helps to maintain biodiversity, so getting shade right in cacao agroforestry is important. This chapter examines the benefits and problems associated with growing cacao with and without shade.

Taxonomy of the genusMyrionora, with a second species from South America

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk PALICE ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN ◽  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Måns SVENSSON ◽  
Tor TØNSBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

AbstractA taxonomic and biogeographic overview of the genusMyrionorais provided. Two species are recognized,M. albidula(Willey) R. C. Harris andM. pseudocyphellariae(Etayo) S. Ekman & Palice comb. nov. The genus is characterized by polysporous asci, the presence of crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple that partly consist of lobaric acid, and a photobiont with large cells (mostly in the range 12–20 µm).Myrionora albidulais currently known from Germany, Norway, Sweden, the Russian Federation (Altayskiy Kray, Chelyabinskaya Oblast', Khabarovskiy Kray and Zabaykal'skiy Kray), and the United States (Alaska, Connecticut, Maine and Massachusetts). It inhabits bark of deciduous trees and shrubs and conifers over a wide range of latitudes.Myrionora pseudocyphellariaeis known from Chile and Ecuador, where it has been encountered on lichens and decaying bark. Based on morphological characteristics, we conclude thatMyrionorabelongs in theRamalinaceae.

scholarly journals Wheat Production and Breeding in Israel from 1948 to 2002

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Atsmon S ◽  
E. Schwarzbach
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
National Average ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
On Farm

The sown wheat acreage in Israel increased from less than 40 000 ha in 1948 to more than 100 000 ha in the seventies and has declined slightly since that time. About 3/4 of the crop are grown in the central part of the country, mostly rain fed, with precipitation of 250–500 mm. The cultivation of durum wheat, originally dominant, has declined since the sixties to a small percentage of the wheat acreage and durum wheat breeding is thus negligible. Local bread wheat breeding started around 1960 independently at three breeding organisations, one of which extensively used genetic material from international breeding programs in Mexico. Since the fifties about 25 cultivars have been released, but only a few are of economic importance now. Breeding considerably increased the yielding potential of cultivars. The recent top cultivar Galil yields about twice as much as cv. Florence Aurore, the leading cultivar in 1970. The national average grain yield rose from 900 kg/ha in 1948 to recently 2.3 t/ha. The highest on-farm yields under favourable conditions are about 9 t/ha. An increasing proportion of the wheat acreage is used for silage, reaching now more than 25%. Yearly fluctuations of yield are considerable and are closely related to rainfall. Data also show an improvement in water utilisation by the crop during the analysed period. The domestic production covered originally only about 12% of the consumption, reaching 47% in the decade 1970–1979, but declined again due to the population growth from 1.2 to 6.5 millions.  

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Local and Imported Germplasm Chicken Populations as Revealed by Analyzing Runs of Homozygosity

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Dementieva ◽  
Andrei A. Kudinov ◽  
Tatiana A. Larkina ◽  
Olga V. Mitrofanova ◽  
Artyom P. Dysin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Runs Of Homozygosity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Preserving breed uniqueness and purity is vitally important in developing conservation/breeding programs for a germplasm collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds. The present study was aimed at analyzing SNP genetic variability of 21 small local and imported purebred and F1 crossbred populations and identifying crossbreeding events via whole-genome evaluation of runs of homozygosity (ROH). The admixture models more efficiently reflected population structure, pinpointing crossbreeding events in the presence of ancestral populations but not in their absence. Multidimensional scaling and FST-based analyses did not discriminate properly between purebred populations and F1 crossbreds, especially when comparing related breeds. When applying the ROH-based approach, more and longer ROHs were revealed in purebred individuals/populations, suggesting this as an effective implement in genome-wide analysis of germplasm breed purity.

Filogenia Preliminar do Gênero Rhabdocaulon Epling

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Giovanni Colussi ◽  
Maria Eduarda Venassi ◽  
Gustavo Agostini ◽  
Marcelo Rossato
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Genomic Material

O gênero Rhabdocaulon é um grupo de plantas aromáticas da família Lamiaceae, conhecida por ter espécies com enorme importância econômica pelo emprego de seus óleos essenciais e atividade biológica que esses possuem. Plantas dessa família vêm sendo utilizadas há muito tempo devido às características olfativas e até mesmo capacidade de exercer inibição microbiana em determinados testes com micro-organismos. Esse gênero compreende inúmeros indivíduos no decorrer do Sul da América. O estudo populacional de espécies vegetais vem sendo cada vez mais abordado, a fim de compreender melhor as interações evolutivas que determinadas espécies desenvolveram com o passar do tempo e especiações. As extrações de DNA foram executadas com método tradicional para extração de material genônico vegetal com auxílio de CTAB. Após a extração, as regiões ITS de rDNA e plastidial trnL-F foram amplificadas e sequenciadas. O trabalho visou avaliação preliminar da separação genética de algumas espécies dentro desse gênero, já que o grupo apresenta distribuição ampla na América do Sul. Com a avaliação das sequências, pode-se observar polimorfismo específico do grupo.Palavras-chave: Filogenia Preliminar. Lamiaceae. Rhabdocaulon.AbstractThe genus Rhabdocaulon is a group of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, known for having species of enormous economic importance due to use of their essential oils and biological activity that they have. Plants of this family have been used for a long time because of their olfactory characteristics and even ability to exert microbial inhibition in certain tests with microorganisms. This genus comprises countless individuals throughout the South America. The population study of plant species has been increasingly approached in order to better understand the evolutionary interactions that certain species have developed as time goes by and speciations. The DNA extractions were performed using a traditional method for extracting plant genomic material with the aid of CTAB. After extraction, the ITS rDNA and plastid trnL-F regions were amplified and sequenced. The focus of the work was the preliminary evaluation of the genetic separation of some species within this genus, since the group has a wide distribution in South America. With the evaluation of the sequences, specific polymorphism of the group can be observed.Keywords: Preliminary Philogeny. Lamiacea. Rhabdocaulon.

Children and motorcycles: a systematic review of risk factors and interventions

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Brown ◽  
Lisa Schonstein ◽  
Rebecca Ivers ◽  
Lisa Keay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Clinical Case Studies ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Haddon Matrix

ObjectiveTo (i) identify person, vehicle and environmental risk factors for injury among children using motorcycles, and (ii) identify and appraise studies of interventions designed to reduce the occurrence or severity of injury among children using these vehicles.MethodA systematic approach was used to collate data from published and grey literature globally on risk factors for motorcycles injury, and studies reporting evaluation of interventions to counter this injury. Academic data sets and public search engines (including Google and Yahoo!) were used. Websites of major conferences, organisations and networks were also searched. Finally, researchers and units working in this area were also contacted by email or phone seeking relevant research. All study types were eligible, excluding clinical case studies. The Haddon Matrix was used as a framework for synthesising the data.ResultsThe review revealed that robust investigations of risk factors for injury among children using motorcycles are relatively scarce, and there are few interventional studies reporting effectiveness of countermeasures to this problem. Epidemiological literature is generally limited to discussion of human factors, and less attention has been given to vehicle and environmental factors. Furthermore, much of the literature is commentaries and descriptive studies. There has been little rigorous study of risk factors unique to children riding motorcycles.ConclusionsThis first attempt at extensively reviewing literature related to risk factors and interventions for children and motorcycles using the Haddon Matrix as a framework clearly highlights need for more rigorous study as information is lacking in all cells of this matrix.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequences of Epstein-Barr Viruses Associated with Burkitt Lymphoma Tissues

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 2987-2987
Author(s):  
Haiyan Lei ◽  
Tianwei Li ◽  
Shien Tsai ◽  
Robert J Biggar ◽  
Francis Nkrumah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
South America ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), first discovered from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), is a class 1 carcinogen that is now associated with a wide range of hematologic and epithelial cancers, including lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma and some AIDS-associated B cell lymphoma. Although almost all BL cases from Africa and NPC in China are EBV-positive, consistent with a direct role of EBV in tumor causation, the precise nature of the mechanisms of causation remains to be elucidated. Of interest, EBV is ubiquitous and causes asymptomatic lifelong infection. Up to 95% of developing world population is infected at an early age. In contrast, the geographical patterns of EBV-associated cancers and their peaks age-incidences vary. For example, BL incidence is highest in equatorial Africa, where peak risk occurs in children aged 5-9 years. By contrast, NPC incidence is highest in Southern China and also parts of northern Africa; with peak risk in the elderly. These variations have led to speculation about presence of EBV variants with different penetration and expression. Previous studies attempting to examine this question have focused on genetic variation in one or only a few EBV genes at a time, precluding firm conclusions about genetic variation. Whole EBV genome analysis in tumor and non-diseased tissue from the same individual as well from healthy individuals in at risk populations may facilitate discovery of sequence heterogeneity that might be associated with cancer risk. Since the first genome of EBV was published, 23 whole EBV genomes have been sequenced, including from 3 BL cell lines, 5 immortalized B cells of normal blood donors (B95-8 plus WT-EBV), and 13 NPC biopsies. No EBV genomes have however been sequenced to date directly from BL biopsies and from healthy individuals from the same region. The goal of this study is to obtain a comprehensive assessment of EBV genome in BL tissue, and to determine how these sequences differ from EBV genomes in matched non-tumor reservoir of same individuals and from EBV genomes in healthy individuals from same regions. We have available 50 BL biopsies, 37 representing endemic BL from Africa, 13 from South America, and normal tissue from healthy individuals from the same region. We are reporting preliminary data obtained from whole genome sequences of EBV genomes from six BL biopsies from West Africa and South America obtained using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) Illumina MiSeq platform. Using the WT-EBV as a reference, EBV genomes in the BL biopsies showed considerable variation ranging from 550-1200 variations per genome (Fig 1). Most were single nucleotide variations. Insertions and deletions ranged between 15 and 51 per genome. As much as one third of variations resulted in amino acid changes. Surprisingly some of the BL biopsies contained EBV genomes with heterozygous reads, suggesting that ongoing mutations in the EBV genome occurred after clonal expansion of BL cells. Novel variations were observed in BZLF1 suggesting a possible influence of variation on regulation of EBV lytic cycle. Using an in-house EBV genome database prepared for comparative analysis that contained genomic DNA sequences of the 23 published EBV genomes, sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed a much greater sequence diversity among EBV sequences from BL biopsies on a whole-genome level. Based upon these results, we are proposing to expand EBV genome wide sequencing from the remaining BL biopsies as well as from paired normal subjects to determine variations commonly associated with BL and to understand how these EBV genomic variations contribute to BL pathogenesis in different geographic areas. Fig 1 Distribution of variations across the EBV genome in select BL biopsies Fig 1. Distribution of variations across the EBV genome in select BL biopsies Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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