scholarly journals Probiotics Have the Potential to Significantly Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Cosmas Nathanailides ◽  
Markos Kolygas ◽  
Konstantina Choremi ◽  
Theodoros Mavraganis ◽  
Evangelia Gouva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Probiotics for freshwater fish farming can be administered as single or multiple mixtures. The expected benefits of probiotics include disease prophylaxis, improved growth, and feed conversion parameters, such as the feed conversion rate (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR). In the current work, we review the impact of probiotics on freshwater finfish aquaculture. Data were gathered from articles published during the last decade that examined the effects of probiotics on fish growth, FCR, and water quality in freshwater fishponds/tanks. While the expected benefits of probiotics are significant, the reviewed data indicate a range in the level of effects, with an average reduction in ammonia of 50.7%, SGR increase of 17.1%, and FCR decrease of 10.7%. Despite the variability in the reported benefits, probiotics appear to offer a practical solution for sustainable freshwater aquaculture. Disease prophylaxis with probiotics can reduce the need for antibiotics and maintain gut health and feed conversion. Considering that fish feed and waste are two significant parameters of the aquaculture ecological footprint, it can be argued that probiotics can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of aquaculture. In this direction, it would be beneficial if more researchers incorporated water quality parameters in future aquaculture research and protocols to minimize aquaculture’s environmental impact.

Fish farming in Denmark: environmental impact of regulative legislation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
The Impact

The main environmental problems associated with fish farming in Denmark are attributable to the dam, the “dead reach” and nutrient and organic matter discharge. The environmental regulation of fish farming in Denmark started with the Environmental Protection Act of 1974, the Statutory Order of 1985 forbidding wet feed, and the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987. In the case of freshwater fish farms, the latter was implemented through the measures stipulated in the 1989 Statutory Order on Fish Farms. The impact of Danish legislative measures to reduce and regulate the environmental effects of freshwater fish farms can be summarized as follows: - the number of fish farms has been reduced from about 800 in 1974 to about 500 at present; - production has tripled since 1974 and has been stable since 1989; - a change from wet to dry feed has reduced the environmental impact of the farms; - the national goals of the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987 for reducing fish farm discharges of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus have been fulfilled. The main remaining problems are that: - the local impact of fish farms on downstream stream quality is still much too high in about 15% of cases; - the problem of the passage of migrating invertebrates and fish is still unsolved at some farms; - the problems posed by “dead reaches” are still unsolved. It is concluded that sustainable fish farming is possible in Denmark, but with the present technology production will have to be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Probiotics for cultured freshwater fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Javier Fernando Melo-Bolívar ◽  
Ruth Yolanda Ruiz-Pardo ◽  
Michael E Hume ◽  
Hanna E Sidjabat ◽  
Luisa Marcela Villamil-Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Commercial Applications

Probiotic products are viewed as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in freshwater fishes farming. Probiotic organisms include bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi offering different benefits to fish including growth promotion, inhibition of pathogen colonisation, and improvement of nutrient digestion, water quality, and stress tolerance, as well as enhancement of reproduction. For these reasons, this review aims to identify the main trends in probiotic amendment in freshwater fishes. Strategies to incorporate the probiotic strains in the fish feed or pellets to allow optimal viability of the strains as they reach the fish gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are crucial in probiotic research and commercial applications for freshwater fish.

The impacts of a fibrolytic enzyme additive on digestibility and performance in the grower period, and supplemental Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance and rumen health in the finisher period for feedlot steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Williams ◽  
Ousama AlZahal ◽  
Ira B. Mandell ◽  
Brian McBride ◽  
Katie Wood
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme pretreatment on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, and ruminal pH throughout the grower and early finisher period (Exp. 1), and to examine the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on intake, performance, and indicators of gut health in the late finisher period (Exp. 2). Fifty-four steers were randomly assigned to a subgroup determining experimental treatment groups. In Exp. 1, steers were randomized to: control (CON1; no enzyme) or enzyme (ENZ; 0.75 ml kg-1 DM of feed) dietary treatments. Digestibility was improved (P≤0.05) in ENZ steers for DM, CP, NEg, and sugars, but did not affect (P≥0.12) DMI, ADG, or reticulo-ruminal pH. In Exp. 2, the treatments were: control (CON2; no yeast) or yeast (YST; 3.0 g animal-1 daily) supplemented diets. Rumen papillae were collected for mRNA expression of gut barrier function (OCLN, CLDN, ZO1, ZO2) and immune response (TLR2, TLR4, FCAR) genes and histological measurements. YST decreased (P<0.001) DMI by 31%, reduced variation in dry matter intake, and improved feed conversion ratios, but did not impact rumen health mRNA expression or histology measures (P≥0.07). Overall, ENZ improved the digestibility of some nutrients in the grower period, and YST improved feed efficiency, without impacting growth performance or gut health.

scholarly journals Tagging juvenile European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) with passive integrated transponders (PIT) – impact on growth, condition, and physiological indexes

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Zakęś ◽  
Maciej Rożyński ◽  
Elżbieta Ziomek ◽  
Krystyna Demska-Zakęś
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Growth Condition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
European Perch ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponders ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact of intramuscular tagging with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) on the basic condition and hematological and biochemical indexes of the blood plasma of juvenile European perch (initial body weight of approximately 80 g). Throughout the observation period, i.e., for 42 days following PIT implantation, the procedure was not noted to have had a negative impact on fish growth, condition, or feed conversion ratio. The blood plasma biochemical indicators analyzed did not differ statistically significantly between the fish tagged with PIT and the untagged control group. No significant impact from this procedure was noted in the hematological indexes tested. Only with regard to the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) parameter was the value significantly lower in the fish tagged with PIT than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The difference determined was 1.40 pg (28.78 vs. 30.18). The MCH level in the fish tagged with PIT most probably was within the norm for this species. High tag retention (100%) and the lack of any significant impact on condition or hematological and biochemical indexes (with the exception of MCH) permits recommending this tagging method for use in juvenile perch.

scholarly journals The impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-208
Author(s):  
James K. Drackley ◽  
◽  
Christopher K. Reynolds ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production. It starts by discussing the relation between greenhouse gases and dairy production, highlighting how important it is to the dairy sector to find ways of decreasing greenhouse gas output. The chapter then moves on to discuss the origins of methane and reactive nitrogen excretions in ruminants. A section on improving feed conversion efficiency is also included, which is then followed by a review of the nutritional practices that can be used to enhance feed conversion efficiency and decrease methane excretion. The chapter also examines the nutritional practices that can be used to increase milk protein efficiency and nitrous oxide excretion as well. Discussions on genetics and feed conversion efficiency and postabsorptive metabolism and feed conversion efficiency are also provided.

scholarly journals Lettuce and water spinach growth in silver catfish (Pangasius Sp) culture using aquaponic system

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/8724 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Yuli Andriani ◽  
Zahidah Zahidah ◽  
Yayat Dhahiyat ◽  
Herman Hamdani ◽  
Ristiana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Absolute Growth

Solid and liquid wastes from feces and fish feed residues can affect water quality, which in turn affect fish physiological processes, behavior, growth and mortality. So it is necessary to have water quality management in the aquaponic system. This study aimed to observe the growth of lettuce and water spinach as biofilters in silver catfish culture (Pangasius sp) using aquaponic system. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, from March to April 2018. This was an experimental study using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatments and six repetitions to compare between combination of silver catfish and water spinach with silver catfish and lettuce combination. The parameters observed were fish growth, fish survival, increase in  stem length, and increase in the number of leaves. The results show silver catfish and water spinach combination produced the highest crop with a stem length of 38.7 cm and more leaves with an addition of 16 leaves. A higher absolute growth of 7.79 grams fish-1 and 100% survival are also seen in this combination. Furthermore, water spinach is more effective as biofilter for aquaponic systems than lettuce.Limbah padat dan cair dari feses dan sisa pakan ikan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air, yang selanjutnya memengaruhi proses fisiologis ikan, perilaku, pertumbuhan, dan angka kematian. Sehingga perlu adanya manajemen kualitas air pada sistem akuaponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan selada dan kangkung sebagai biofilter pada budidaya ikan lele (Pangasiussp) dengan sistem aquaponik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Maret hingga April 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua perlakuan dan enam ulangan untuk membandingkan kombinasi Ikan Patin dan kangkung dengan kombinasi lele dan selada. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan ikan, kelangsungan hidup ikan, pertambahan panjang batang, dan pertambahan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kombinasi lele perak dan kangkung menghasilkan tanaman tertinggi dengan panjang batang 38,7 dan daun lebih banyak dengan penambahan 16 helai daun. Pertumbuhan absolut yang lebih tinggi sebesar 7,79 g ikan-1 dan kelangsungan hidup 100% juga terlihat pada kombinasi ini. Dengan demikan kangkung merupakan biofilter yang lebih efektif untuk aquaponik dibandingkan selada.

Pemanfaatan limbah padat Ikan Tuna melalui kegiatan budidaya Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus), Studi kasus di Perusahaan abon UD Madurasa Kabupaten Manokwari

Cassowary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Dedi Ariana ◽  
Roni Bawole ◽  
Vera Sabariah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Breakeven Point ◽  
The Impact

The tuna waste in Manokwari has an economic potential that can be used as fish meal animal feed or fish feed. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical contents of tuna waste flour, examine of tuna waste meal, determine the feed test impact to the tilapia growth, analyze the impact of feed to water quality and analyze the feed manufacturing businesses. The study was conducted for six months (January to June 2015) at UD Madurasa. This study used, a completely randomized design with five treatments, there were feed A (control) and four test feeds formulated using tuna waste flour and bran (feed B, feed C, feed D and feed E). The feeds were tested using tilapia sized 5-8 cm and weighted 9-10 g in average (belo phase), then a 750 belos were used and allocated into 15 containers (50 belos / container). Feed was given twice a day in the morning (7:00 a.m. to 08:00) and afternoon (16:00 to 17:00) for six weeks. The feed amount was 5% of the body weight. The results show that tuna waste flour contain nutrients over the nutritional needs by tilapia. The tested feed has nutritional value better than feed A. Feed A has the highest efficiency and value of relative growth of 24.56% and 92.79%. Feed C has an efficiency of 22.83%, Feed E (20.37%), Feed B (19.30%) and Feed D (17.82%), also the growth of relative feed values of C (87.14%), Feed E (64.69%), Feed B (63.04%) and Feed D (55.53%). The variance analysis was not difference, however all feed gave same effect on tilapia growth. The tested feed did not pollute the water and categorized as 2nd and 3rd of water quality. It is assumed that this business is properly to be run with breakeven point will be achieved when sales reached to 8 kg (Rp 130,000.00) or at 4.5 months.

Gerakan Pakan Mandiri (Gepari)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Maftuch Maftuch ◽  
Arning Wilujeng Ekawati ◽  
Yahya Yahya ◽  
Denny Widya W. ◽  
Vian Dedi Pratama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Good Provision

The agrocomplex business unit at Bahrul Maghfiroh Islamic Boarding School began to be pioneered for development in the freshwater aquaculture sector from spawning, making pellets / independent feed to processing processed fish products (catfish and tilapia). The potential for higher market demand to meet the needs of fish (catfish and tilapia) in the Malang area is an opportunity for Islamic boarding schools to participate in this section, socially and culturally, students' representations are important exponents in the reality of empowerment, the provision of an entrepreneurial spirit is very much needed in industrial era 4.0, the balance between spiritual and entrepreneurial spirit is a good provision for community application. The cultivation of freshwater fish is emerging developing throughout Indonesia, there are fundamental problems faced by all farmers, one of the drawbacks formulation of fish feed less to optimize the potential of local materials, especially waste and lack of knowledge to formulate feed containing protein, fat, fiber ash and vitamins. At this time, the price of feed used by farmers soared and began to burden the sustainability of the cultivation system. Increasing feed prices and reducing profits or net profits can affect the sustainability of aquaculture, therefore we need a new innovation independent feed movement that has better nutritional and nutritional content at a price that is much more affordable and grows tangible profits. The problems experienced by Bahrul Maghfiroh Islamic boarding school regarding the formula of independent feed in freshwater fish farming can be overcome through the independent feed movement (GEPARI) the application of fish pellet technology by utilizing livestock waste, vegetable waste that has not been optimized. The maximum utilization of this waste can provide significant results because the nutritional and nutrient contents that meet the innovative completed multiple waste concept are solutive, then this problem will be resolved.

scholarly journals Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L) Melalui Pakan Sebagai PencegahanTerhadap Infeksi Bakteri Edwarsiella Ictaluri Pada Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypopthalmus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Yuda Saputra ◽  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Safratilofa Safratilofa ◽  
Edy Barkat Kholidin
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Moringa oliefera L leaf meal through feed as an anti-bacterial to prevent infection with E.ictaluri bacteria in catfish (Pangasius hypopthalmus). This research was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020 at the Fish Health Laboratory, Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries Center (BPBAT) Jambi. The research method used was a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. Catfish were fed for 14 days with treatment feed with each treatment (A. 5% / kg feed), (B. 10% / kg feed), (C. 15% / kg feed), (D. Commercial feed ) and (E. Commercial feed). and on the 16th day the fish were injected with the Edwarsiella ictaluri bacteria, and survival was observed from day 16 to day 26. The results showed that treatment of moringa leaf meal (C. 15% / kg of feed), could prevent bacterial infection E. ictaluri in catfish with the highest survival rate reaching 66.67%, fish growth of 5.78 grams / head, and feed conversion of 0.18% / kg of feed.

scholarly journals The Effect of α-Monolaurin and Butyrate Supplementation on Broiler Performance and Gut Health in the Absence and Presence of the Antibiotic Growth Promoter Zinc Bacitracin

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Bakang R. Letlole ◽  
Ellen P. C. W. Damen ◽  
Christine Jansen van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
The Impact

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) is common practice to improve broiler production and performance. The use of AGP is under discussion as it can induce bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of removing AGP from broiler feed and study the effect of feed additives. For those countries where in-feed AGP are still permitted, the effect of the products in the presence of AGP was evaluated. Half the number of male broilers received a diet free of AGP, whereas the other half received a diet supplemented with zinc bacitracin at 0.5 g/kg. Both diets were either without additional additives or combined with a coated sodium butyrate, α-monolaurin or a combination of these additives. Raised under optimal conditions, the incorporation of AGP had no effect on broiler performance, but negatively affected villi height and villi height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio in the duodenum. In the absence of AGP, butyric acid and α-monolaurin had a positive effect on villi height. In the presence of AGP, α-monolaurin resulted in the lowest feed conversion ratio and improved VH:CD ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Both feed additives had minimal effect on performance parameters but showed small positive effects on gut health in the absence of AGP and could play a role in the strategy to replace AGP.

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