Bioactive (Poly)phenols, Volatile Compounds from Vegetables, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Polyphenols, as well as volatile compounds responsible for aromatic features, play a critical role in the quality of vegetables and medicinal, and aromatic plants (MAPs). The research conducted in recent years has shown that these plants contain biologically active compounds, mainly polyphenols, that relate to the prevention of inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disorders as well as to antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiparasitic properties. Throughout the years, many researchers have deeply studied polyphenols and volatile compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants, particularly those associated with consumer’s choices or with their beneficial properties. In this context, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the presence of volatile and nonvolatile compounds in some of the most economically relevant and consumed vegetables and medicinal and aromatic plants, with an emphasis on bioactive polyphenols, polyphenols as prebiotics, and, also, the most important factors that affect the contents and profiles of the volatile and nonvolatile compounds responsible for the aromatic features of vegetables and MAPs. Additionally, the new challenges for science in terms of improving polyphenol composition and intensifying volatile compounds responsible for the positive characteristics of vegetables and medicinal and aromatic plants are reported.

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THE APPLICATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN LIVESTOCK AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FEED ANTIBIOTICS

Innovations and Food Safety ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2020-30-4-59-64 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

P. N. Miroshnikov ◽

K. V. Zhuchaev

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Bactericidal Properties ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Different Doses

The applying of antibiotics in animal husbandry leads to the spread of antimicrobial resistant pathogens among domestic animals, which are subsequently transmitted to humans through the food chain. The analysis of literature data on the results of the study of phytochemicals of plant origin in the form of essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants as one of the possible alternatives to feed antibiotics is presented. Such additives should reduce the incidence of animals by inhibiting pathogenic microflora, provide the animal with a larger amount of energy and nutrients by reducing the bacterial load in the intestine, reduce internal inflammatory processes by improving the immune system, and should be economically beneficial. A review of scientific studies showed that essential oils do have bactericidal properties, but their effect on the productive performance of animals still requires further research. Differences in animal productivity when using essential oils may be due to researchers using different doses, different test conditions (especially climatic conditions), and possible synergistic and antagonistic properties of essential oils with other feed substances.

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Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 9, No. 1

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v9n1p80 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Joan Lee

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Animal Science ◽

Application Form ◽

Research Institute

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: [email protected] Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1 Ahmed Elamrani, Université Mohamed Premier, Morocco Anchal Dass, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), India Bed Mani Dahal, Kathmandu University, Nepal Dietrich Darr, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Germany Gema Parra, Universidad de Jaén, Spain Gunnar Bengtsson, Sweden Inder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University(GADVASU), India Kassim Adekunle Akanni, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Khaled Sassi, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Tunisia Manuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), Portugal Marcelo Augusto Gonçalves Bardi, Universidade Sao Francisco, Brazil Murtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, Pakistan Ram Niwas, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, India Ram Swaroop Jat, ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, India Subhash Chand, Central Agricultural Research Institute CARI Port Blair, India Tenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia Vishwambhar Prasad Sati, Government KRG Post Graduate College, India

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Anti-HIV activity of some natural phenolics

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2020-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Mohamed Amin El-Ansari ◽

Lamyaa Fawzy Ibrahim ◽

Mohamed Sharaf

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Global Concern ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Anti Hiv

Summary Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The urgent need for searching novel anti-HIV/AIDS medicines is a global concern. So far, a lot of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been analyzed to select those that could assist in the prevention and/or amelioration of the disease. Among biologically active compounds present in these plants, one of the most promising group are phenolics. The purpose of this article was to report anti-HIV activity of selected phenolic compounds of plant origin.

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POTENTIAL USE OF SULFORAPHANE AS A NEUROPROTECTOR

Medical and Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2021.i2.12048 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 125-136

Author(s):

S. A. Tsiumpala ◽

K. M. Starchevska ◽

V. I. Lushchak

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Old Age ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

The Body ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

The Brain ◽

Potential Use

Introduction. Under normal conditions, oxidative stress and proinflammatory processes are tightly controlled. However, during neuroinflammation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), homeostasis is disrupted, which may lead to development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Inflammatory processes may result in neurodegenerative disorders. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate compound which has potential for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Its therapeutic potential is based on the ability to activate transcription of genes, that regulate protective cellular mechanisms. The importance of studying sulforaphane as a neuroprotector is based on the fact, that dementias are the seventh leading cause of death globally and actively progress due to aging of human population. In this review, the anti-inflammatory effects of sulforaphane in the brain and its use as a potential neuroprotector in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. The aim of the study – to review available literature sources on the potential use of sulforaphane to prevent or mitigate neuroinflammation. Conclusions. Economic and technological development of mankind and the improvement of the general quality of life leads to prolongation of human life. But, achievements of longevity give new challenges to humanity. In young age and early adulthood, the organisms can relatively easily maintain homeostasis, then in old age intensification of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes can lead to the development of dementias and mental disorders. What should we do now to save clear mind in old age? In this review, sulforaphane is considered to be a potential neuroprotector. Biologically active supplements and drugs containing sulforaphane can weaken up inflammatory processes in the brain and in the body in general, and therefore they can be used for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Role of Rhizosphere Fungi Associated with Commercially Explored Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Review

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.6.1.09 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 72-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mosma Nadim Shaikh ◽

Digambar Nabhu Mokat

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Active Role ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Proper Understanding ◽

Rhizosphere Fungi

The study of rhizospheric microbial flora for the enhancement of aroma compounds is well recognized. The rhizosphere microbes also play very important role in improving medicinal values of plants. Rhizospheric microbes affect the plant physiology by imparting several useful effects such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient uptake, and production of secondary metabolites in the medicinal and aromatic plants. Recent days there are increasing the interests in the research of the relation between rhizosphere microbes associated with medicinal plant for the improvement of quality of medicinal plants. A large variety of fungi and bacteria is recognized in the rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants that showed significant effect in secondary metabolite alteration and uptake of plant nutrient. There are reports that rhizosphere fungi not only enhanced the growth parameters in plants but also considerably modulated essential oil’s quality. This study highlighted the researches performed on active role of rhizosphere fungi on explored medicinal and aromatic plants. As the use of organic material is one of the constituents of good agricultural practices (GAPs). Therefore, this review also investigates the environmental concerns reducing the use harmful chemicals as well as recommendation for utilization of biological and organics in agriculture. Therefore, a proper understanding of role of rhizosphere mycoflora associated with the medicinal plants is essential.

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The Quality of Ecologically and Conventionally Grown White and Brown Agaricus bisporus Mushrooms

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12156187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 6187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aurelija Paulauskienė ◽

Živilė Tarasevičienė ◽

Daiva Šileikienė ◽

Laima Česonienė

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Electrochemical Properties ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Ph Value ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Positive Effect

Agaricus bisporus is a rich source of biologically active compounds with functional properties that have a positive effect on human health. White and brown A. bisporus mushrooms were grown both organically and conventionally. This study aimed to analyze chemical composition of the mushrooms, their electrochemical properties, and the composition of volatile compounds. The relationships between cultivation practices and the basic chemical composition, electrochemical properties, and aroma compounds of A. bisporus were examined. The results reveal that ecologically grown mushrooms accumulated higher amounts of ascorbic acid while conventionally grown mushrooms accumulated more crude protein and zinc. More substantial amounts of dry matter, crude protein, and crude ash were found in the brown mushrooms. The white mushrooms had a higher content of ascorbic acid, crude fat, and dietary fiber. Ten volatile compounds were tentatively identified in analyzed mushrooms, including five aldehydes, two esters, two alcohols, and one terpene. Conventionally grown mushrooms had a higher pH value, but eco mushrooms had significantly lower redox potential. White mushrooms had lower p-values than brown mushrooms. Eco mushrooms could not be distinguished by their qualitative characteristics. The chemical composition of white and brown mushrooms was somewhat different, and only the electrochemical properties of mushrooms differed significantly.

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Diseases of medicinal and aromatic plants, their biological impact and management

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262116000307 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 370-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Akanksha Singh ◽

Rupali Gupta ◽

Shilpi K. Saikia ◽

Aakanksha Pant ◽

Rakesh Pandey

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Biological Impact ◽

Productive Potential ◽

Biochemical Level ◽

Bioactive Potential

AbstractWith increasing interest in natural products of plant origin for medicinal and health care benefits there is added emphasis on the quality of the source raw material. In most cases the vegetative tissues and organs are the source of the required raw material. However, such tissues/organs may become infested/susceptible to many diseases causing deterioration of the quality of the desired economic product and loss of genetic resources. Considerable progress has been made with respect to the identification of disease causing organisms, and their pathogenic impact at organ, cellular and biochemical level. This review focuses on various diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and phytoplasmas threatening the yield, biomass, bioactive potential of medicinal and aromatic plants of the sub-tropics. Several studies suggest that management of diseases through biological measures is more effective to check multiple diseases. Necessary management strategies for efficient disease management to realize quality raw material and enhanced metabolite productive potential have been outlined.

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The influence of meteorological factors on phytochemical composition of Artemisia pontica L.

Chemija ◽

10.6001/chemija.v31i4.4325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Saunoriūtė ◽

Ona Ragažinskienė ◽

Liudas Ivanauskas ◽

Mindaugas Marksa ◽

Erika Šeinauskienė

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Phytochemical Composition

In order to increase the diversity of medicinal plants and biologically active compounds accumulated in them, considerable attention is given to introduction of Artemisia L. genus plants in Lithuania. The aim of our study was to determinate the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils of Artemisia pontica L. introduced in Lithuania. The object of investigation – Artemisiae pontici herba were prepared in the Scientific Sector of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Scientific Department of Botanical Garden at Vytautas Magnus University in 2018–2019. Essential oils were separated by hydrodistillation method, their composition was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods in the Faculty of Pharmacy at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences in 2018–2020. The obtained results showed that a statistically significant (p > 0.05) higher amount and diversity of compounds from Artemisiae pontici herba essential oils were assessed in 2018 when HTC = 1.32. A strong correlation (r = 0.740) was assessed between the average of active temperatures and precipitation in 2019. The content of compounds was by 33.3% lower when HTC = 0.91. The other major compounds were 1,8-cineole (46.86%), 1,4-cineole (37.92%) and camphor (29.41–33.02%).

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