scholarly journals Improving Hunted Wild Boar Carcass Hygiene: Roles of Different Factors Involved in the Harvest Phase

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
David Ranucci ◽  
Rossana Roila ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Fausto Cambiotti ◽  
Sara Primavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Aic Criterion

Game meat production strongly differs from that of other meats, as peculiar factors present in the field and in the steps prior to transfer to a game-handling establishment can influence the hygiene of the carcasses and, therefore, of the meat. The effects of such factors were considered in hunted wild boars based on the main hygienic criteria adopted in meat processing. Environmental, animal, and hunting conditions were studied during two selective hunting seasons in Central Italy. A total of 120 hunted wild boar carcasses were sampled after the skinning process and analyzed for aerobic colony count, Enterobacteriaceae count, and Salmonella spp. isolation. The calculated mean values for aerobic colony and Enterobacteriaceae counts were 3.66 and 2.05 CFU/cm2, respectively, in line with the limits set for the meat of other ungulates by EU legislation. Salmonella spp. showed a prevalence of 2.5% (IC 95%: 1.72–3.27%). Statistical analysis of the data performed with the AIC criterion showed that the main parameter to consider for improving the hygienic level of carcasses is to reduce the time in the refrigerator before skinning, followed by hunting on cold days (<10 °C) without rain, hunting animals <60 kg, and reducing the time between shooting and evisceration.

scholarly journals Microbial, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of salami produced from Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

10.5219/1551 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 475-483
Author(s):  
Rossana Roila ◽  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
Sara Primavilla ◽  
Dino Miraglia ◽  
Francesca Vercillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
End Products ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Quality Value ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in central Italy has strongly increased in the last decades. The meat of the game is characterized by high-quality value and the manufacture of food products from game meat could represent a remarkable added value for the local market promoting local gastronomic specialties and traditions. Adult animals were hunted with the waiting method and the carcasses were processed into the game processing center. Five batches of salami were produced with different amounts of wild boar meat and pork meat. The microbiological, physicochemical, rheological, and sensory evaluations were performed. The microbiological analyses indicated that the salami is safe to consume as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were undetectable in the end products. The Enterobacteriaceae count was below 3 log CFU.g-1 attesting to the adequacy of hygienic characteristics of the process. The chemical composition analyses showed lower lipid content in comparison to pork salami, while the rheological characteristics were equivalent among products. The sensory evaluation highlighted that the consumers’ appreciation of wild boar salami is comparable to that of traditional pork salami.

scholarly journals SUGGESSTED MODEL FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN WILD BOAR'S MEAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Jelena Petrović ◽  
Jovan Marčeta ◽  
Dragan Antić ◽  
Ivan Pušić ◽  
Miroslav Urošević
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Game Meat ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
And Control

Wild animal meat harvesting and processing is signifi cantly different from classical livestock meat production and represents a challenge by itself.Implementation of concept “from forest to fork” encompasses influence of hunting ground ecology, type of hunting, fi eld evisceration of hunted game, meat inspection aft er shooting or transport etc. The objective of this paper was to propose a model for monitoring and control of food born pathogens in wild boar´s meat. Hazard analysis emphasized the importance of several pathogens: Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., Trichinella spp., and a fi ve-step control program were proposed. The program includes management of microbial contamination of wild boar meat, control measures for live animals, control measures during hunting and aft er shooting, guidelines for offi cial meat inspection with specific details for control of identifi ed hazardous pathogens and control measures for wild boar carcasses processing. Th e research on presence of food born pathogens in wild boar meat is still scarce, while the Trichinella spp. live cycle is well described and there are relevant data about epidemiology and natural reservoirs of the parasite in this part of Europe, little is known about tuberculosis and salmonellosis prevalence in wild boar population. Thus, implementation of control program, with strictly defi ned control measures cannot be overemphasized, and should include veterinary offi cials as well as hunters and others involved in game meat chain.

scholarly journals Assessment of microbial load in marketed broiler meat at Mymensingh district of Bangladesh and its public health implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
M Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
SM Lutful Kabir ◽  
Nazmul Hoda ◽  
M Mansurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meat Samples

An investigation was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of 30 samples of fresh broiler thigh meat samples sold in different retail markets in Mymensingh. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total salmonella count (TSC) and total campylobacter count (TCpC) in meat samples of different broiler markets like K.R. at BAU campus, Boyra and Kewatkhali were determined. Mean of TVC, TCC, TSC and TCpC for the K.R. at BAU campus, Boyra and Kewatkhali markets were 5.69, 6.03, 6.17 log10 CFU/g, 4.52, 4.66, 4.69 log10 CFU/g, 3.35, 3.51, 3.61, log10 CFU/g and 2.31, 2.56, 2.66 log10 CFU/g, respectively. It was observed that the mean values of TVC, TCC, TSC and TCpC in case of Boyra and Kewatkhali market exceeded the ICMSF recommendations which may cause alarm to consumer’s health. The variation of TVC in meats of different broiler market was significant (P<0.05) at 5% level of probability whereas TCC and TSC obtained from meat samples of different markets were not showed significant (P>0.05).The mean values of TCpC in meats of three different market were highly significant with 1% level of probability (P<0.01).There was no significant correlation found between TVC and TCC (P>0.05), but a significant correlation found between TVC with TSC and TVC with TCpC in meats of three different markets respectively. Presence of Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. in meats must receive particular attention, as these organisms are responsible for causing harm to public health. Suggestion has been given to improve the present sanitary condition of meat processing to minimize bacterial load.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 87-95, April 2015

scholarly journals Prevalence, Virulence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Hunted in Tuscany (Central Italy)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Barbara Turchi ◽  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Stefano Bilei ◽  
Teresa Bossù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

Wild boar is an animal the population of which constantly increases in Europe. This animal plays an important role as a reservoir for several pathogens, including three of the most important zoonoses: salmonellosis, yersiniosis and listeriosis. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant and virulence factor genes of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from wild boar in Tuscany (Central Italy). During two consequent hunting seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020), rectal swabs, spleens and livers were collected from 287 hunted wild boar to isolate strains. Each isolate was tested to investigate its antimicrobial resistance and to detect virulence factor genes by PCR. Eighteen Salmonella strains (6.27%) were isolated. Of these, 66.7% were resistant to streptomycin, 13.4% to cephalothin, 6.67% to imipenem and one isolate (6.67%) was resistant simultaneously to five antimicrobials. Moreover, the most detected genes were sopE (73.4%), pipB (66.7%), sodCI (53.3%), spvR and spvC (46.7%). In total, 54 (17.8%) Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated; of them, 26 (48.1%), 9 (16.7%), 17 (31.5%), 1 (1.85%) and 1 (1.85%) belonged to biotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. All strains (100%) demonstrated resistance to cephalothin and 70.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 55.6% to ampicillin, and 37.0% to cefoxitin. Additionally, the most detected genes were ystA (25.9%), inv (24.1%), ail (22.2%), ystB (18.5%) and virF (14.8%). Finally, only one Listeriamonocytogenes isolate (0.35%) was obtained, belonging to serogroup IVb, serovar 4b, and it was found to be resistant to cefoxitin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid. The results highlighted the role of wild boar as a carrier for pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogens, representing a possible reservoir for domestic animals and human pathogens.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Isabella Martini ◽  
Laura Migone ◽  
Lucia Decastelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

Salmonella spp. in wild boar (Sus scrofa): a public and animal health concern

2011 ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
Luísa Morais ◽  
Cristina Caleja ◽  
Patrícia Themudo ◽  
José Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp

PHYSIOLOGIC HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AND HEMOLYSIS OF ERYTHROCYTES BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION IN THE NEWBORN: INVESTIGATION OF A POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne E. Richards ◽  
Richard B. Goldbloom ◽  
Ronald L. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Relative Deficiency

Forty-three full-term infants have been studied with respect to hemolysis of erythrocytes in solutions of hydrogen peroxide and concentrations of bilirubin in the serum. Mean values for concentration of bilirubin in the serum and percentage of hemolysis followed similar patterns in the first few days of life. However, statistical analysis of the data in individual cases showed no significant correlation between the degree of hemolysis in solutions of hydrogen peroxide and the concentrations of bilirubin in the serum. Administration of vitamin E prevented an increase in hemolysis of erythrocytes in solutions of hydrogen peroxide but failed to produce any significant change in concentrations of bilirubin as compared with the control group. The evidence suggests that the relative deficiency of vitamin E which exists in most newborn infants does not play a part in the causation or maintenance of physiologic hyperbilirubinemia. The clinical significance of increased hemolysis of the erythrocytes of the newborn infant in solutions of hydrogen peroxide remains a mystery. Possible approaches to the clarification of this problem are suggested.

MEAT PROCESSING INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: TENDENCIES AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
VLASENKO Iryna ◽  
SEMKO Tetiana
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Processing Industry

Background. The total production of beef and pork is declining from year to year. The study of development trends in the meat industry of Ukraine will help to outline the prospects for the successful realization of potential opportunities for production expansion. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that despite some scientific developments, dynamic changes in the meat processing industry require constant monitoring of unresolved issues. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state and characteristics of the meat processing industry of Ukraine on the basis of analytical research in general and in the context of its innovation activities in particular. Materials and methods. Research methods were used: monographic, statistical groupings, correlation-regression analysis, graphical. Results. Analysis of the dynamics of industrial meat production shows that beef and veal occupy the least share in it. The basis for ensuring the economic balance of production and economic relations of economic entities is the consistency of supply and demand for raw meat and products of its processing. For the successful development of the industry, the state must protect and stimulate domestic producers; to harmonize domestic standards of safety and quality of products in accordance with international ones. The innovative development of the meat market requires adequate investment support, and the stimulation of investment activity should be considered in the context of the strategy of development of the national economy on an innovative basis. Conclusion. Livestock production in general and meat in particular are one of the leading sectors of agriculture. In recentyears, there have been some trends in the dynamics and structure of meat production and consumption in favor of cheaper poultry meat. The reason for this is the reduction in production; increase in retail prices for all types of products; low incomes of the majority of the population. A necessary condition for the sustainable development of the meat processing industry is the introduction of European regulations on product quality and safety standards; introduction of resource-saving technologies at enterprises; reconstruction of enterprises; provision of production facilities with domestic raw materials.

scholarly journals Understanding Traditional Meat Processing Knowledge among the Borana Pastoralist of Northern Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buke Dabasso ◽  
Hassan Roba ◽  
Anselimo Makokha ◽  
Arnold Onyango ◽  
Julius Maina
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Future Consumption ◽  
Meat Preservation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Shelf Stable ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Depth Interviews

Indigenous knowledge on food preparation is an activity practised in almost all agricultural production system. Amongst the Borana pastoralist of Northern Kenya, milk and meat production are the cornerstone of livelihood, and more often abundance occurs without possibility of immediate consumption, triggering the need to preserve surplus for future consumption. The objective of this paper is to document and understand traditional meat preparation knowledge amongst Borana pastoralist’s women of Northern Kenya.The method of collecting information included in-depth interviews and participant observations to document meat preparation skills and knowledge of Borana people as appertains to traditional food ways. It was observed that methods of traditional meat processing and preparation included different forms of drying, use of heat and storage in fat. Fourteen traditional meat products and seven preservation techniques were documented. Drying and deep frying were the major form of meat preservation. Women skillfully put a lot of effort in all stages of meat preparation to produce an end product that is not only shelf stable but traditional products that are appreciated and nutritious. It was observed that only four of the products are currently in use, an indication of steady decline in meat handling knowledge and preparation. 

scholarly journals Leptospira Survey in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Hunted in Tuscany, Central Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Fabrizio Bertelloni ◽  
Marta Angelini ◽  
Domenico Cerri ◽  
Filippo Fratini
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Realtime Pcr ◽  
23S Rrna Gene

Leptospirosis is a re-emerging, worldwide zoonosis, and wild boar (Sus scrofa) are involved in its epidemiology as the reservoir. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Leptospira with serological, bacteriological, and molecular assays in wild boar hunted in Tuscany (Italy) during two hunting seasons. In total, 287 specimens of sera, kidneys, and liver were collected to perform microscopic agglutination tests (MATs), isolation, and RealTime PCR to detect pathogenic (lipL32 gene), intermediate (16S rRNA gene), and saprophytic (23S rRNA gene) Leptospira. Within sera, 39 (13.59%) were positive to the MAT, and Australis was the most represented serogroup (4.88%), followed by Pomona (4.18%), and Tarassovi (3.14%). Moreover, four Leptospira cultures were positive, and once isolates were identified, one was identified as L. borgpetersenii serovar Tarassovi, and three as L. interrogans serovar Bratislava. Pathogenic Leptospira DNA were detected in 32 wild boar kidneys (11.15%). The characterization through the amplification of the rrs2 gene highlighted their belonging to L. interrogans (23 kidneys), L. borgpetersenii (four), and L. kirschneri (one), while nine kidneys (3.14%) were positive for intermediate Leptospira, all belonging to L. fainei. The results of this study confirmed the importance of wild boar in the epidemiology of leptospirosis among wildlife in Central Italy.

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