scholarly journals New Insights on the Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Impaired Skin Healing in Diabetes and Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2306
Author(s):  
Simona Serini ◽  
Gabriella Calviello
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Skin Healing

Long-chain Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) are widely recognized as powerful negative regulators of acute inflammation. However, the precise role exerted by these dietary compounds during the healing process is still largely unknown, and there is increasing interest in understanding their specific effects on the implicated cells/molecular factors. Particular attention is being focused also on their potential clinical application in chronic pathologies characterized by delayed and impaired healing, such as diabetes and vascular diseases in lower limbs. On these bases, we firstly summarized the current knowledge on wound healing (WH) in skin, both in normal conditions and in the setting of these two pathologies, with particular attention to the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Then, we critically reviewed the outcomes of recent research papers investigating the activity exerted by Omega-3 PUFAs and their bioactive metabolites in the regulation of WH in patients with diabetes or venous insufficiency and showing chronic recalcitrant ulcers. We especially focused on recent studies investigating the mechanisms through which these compounds may act. Considerations on the optimal dietary doses are also reported, and, finally, possible future perspectives in this area are suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietaryω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA on Glycolytic Enzymes and Warburg Phenotypes in Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Manzi ◽  
Lara Costantini ◽  
Romina Molinari ◽  
Nicolò Merendino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Omega 3

The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are a class of lipids that has been shown to have beneficial effects on some chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Amongω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has received particular attention for its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenetic, anti-invasion, and antimetastatic properties, even though the involved molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recently, somein vitrostudies showed that DHA promotes the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and the Warburg phenotype. For example, it was shown that in breast cancer cell lines the modulation of bioenergetic functions is due to the capacity of DHA to activate the AMPK signalling and negatively regulate the HIF-1αfunctions. Taking into account these considerations, this review is focused on current knowledge concerning the role of DHA in interfering with cancer cell metabolism; this could be considered a further mechanism by which DHA inhibits cancer cell survival and progression.

scholarly journals Chemopreventive effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin in rats with bladder cancer

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 101042831769225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla E El-Ashmawy ◽  
Eman G Khedr ◽  
Hoda A El-Bahrawy ◽  
Samar M Al-Tantawy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Bladder cancer remains a huge concern for the medical community because of its incidence and prevalence rates, as well as high percentage of recurrence and progression. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin proved anti-inflammatory effects through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mechanism. However, their chemopreventive effect still remained to be examined and clarified. In this study, bladder cancer was induced in rats by the chemical carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid: 2:3 w/w; 1200 mg/kg) and/or atorvastatin (6 mg/kg) were given orally daily to rats for eight consecutive weeks concomitantly with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine and continued for further 4 weeks after cessation of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine administration. The histopathological examination of rat bladder revealed the presence of tumors and the absence of apoptotic bodies in sections from N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine group, while tumors were absent and apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in sections from rat groups treated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, atorvastatin, or both drugs. The study of the molecular mechanisms illustrated downregulation of COX-2 and P53 (mutant) genes and suppression of transforming growth factor beta-1 and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in serum of rats of the three treated groups. This chemopreventive effect was confirmed by and associated with lower level of bladder tumor antigen in urine. However, the combined treatment with both drugs exhibited the major protective effect and nearly corrected the dyslipidemia that has been induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Collectively, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin, besides having anti-inflammatory properties, proved a chemopreventive effect against bladder cancer, which nominates them to be used as adjuvant therapy with other chemotherapeutics.

scholarly journals The Impact of Medium Chain and Polyunsaturated ω-3-Fatty Acids on Amyloid-β Deposition, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimer´s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Janine Mett
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
The Impact

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population, is closely linked to a dysregulated cerebral lipid homeostasis and particular changes in brain fatty acid (FA) composition. The abnormal extracellular accumulation and deposition of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered as an early toxic event in AD pathogenesis, which initiates a series of events leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. These include the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the disruption of calcium homeostasis and membrane integrity, an impairment of cerebral energy metabolism, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and polyunsaturated ω-3-fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) seem to be valuable for disease modification. Both classes of FAs have neuronal health-promoting and cognition-enhancing properties and might be of benefit for patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which MCFAs and ω-3-PUFAs reduce the cerebral Aβ deposition, improve brain energy metabolism, and lessen oxidative stress levels.

scholarly journals Lipid Transport and Metabolism at the Blood-Brain Interface: Implications in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pifferi ◽  
Benoit Laurent ◽  
Mélanie Plourde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain

Many prospective studies have shown that a diet enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can improve cognitive function during normal aging and prevent the development of neurocognitive diseases. However, researchers have not elucidated how n-3 PUFAs are transferred from the blood to the brain or how they relate to cognitive scores. Transport into and out of the central nervous system depends on two main sets of barriers: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) between peripheral blood and brain tissue and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) between the blood and the CSF. In this review, the current knowledge of how lipids cross these barriers to reach the CNS is presented and discussed. Implications of these processes in health and disease, particularly during aging and neurodegenerative diseases, are also addressed. An assessment provided here is that the current knowledge of how lipids cross these barriers in humans is limited, which hence potentially restrains our capacity to intervene in and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Insights into the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms That Govern the Fracture-Healing Process: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Dionysios J. Papachristou ◽  
Stavros Georgopoulos ◽  
Peter V. Giannoudis ◽  
Elias Panagiotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Fracture-healing is a complex multi-stage process that usually progresses flawlessly, resulting in restoration of bone architecture and function. Regrettably, however, a considerable number of fractures fail to heal, resulting in delayed unions or non-unions. This may significantly impact several aspects of a patient’s life. Not surprisingly, in the past few years, a substantial amount of research and number of clinical studies have been designed, aiming at shedding light into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate fracture-healing. Herein, we present the current knowledge on the pathobiology of the fracture-healing process. In addition, the role of skeletal cells and the impact of marrow adipose tissue on bone repair is discussed. Unveiling the pathogenetic mechanisms that govern the fracture-healing process may lead to the development of novel, smarter, and more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of fractures, especially of those with large bone defects.

scholarly journals Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Pinazo-Durán ◽  
Francisco Gómez-Ulla ◽  
Luis Arias ◽  
Javier Araiz ◽  
Ricardo Casaroli-Marano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Disease Study

Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) supplements in AMD prevention.Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX andω-3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain).Results. High dietary intakes ofω-3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence.Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX andω-3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Immune Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saray Gutiérrez ◽  
Sara L Svahn ◽  
Maria E Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Alterations on the immune system caused by omega-3 fatty acids have been described for 30 years. This family of polyunsaturated fatty acids exerts major alterations on the activation of cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune system, although the mechanisms for such regulation are diverse. First, as a constitutive part of the cellular membrane, omega-3 fatty acids can regulate cellular membrane properties, such as membrane fluidity or complex assembly in lipid rafts. In recent years, however, a new role for omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives as signaling molecules has emerged. In this review, we describe the latest findings describing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on different cells from the immune system and their possible molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals Chemical and molecular factors in irritable bowel syndrome: current knowledge, challenges, and unanswered questions

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (5) ◽  
pp. G777-G784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Ibironke Oduyebo ◽  
Houssam Halawi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Several chemical and molecular factors in the intestine are reported to be altered and to have a potentially significant role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), particularly in IBS with diarrhea. These include bile acids; short-chain fatty acids; mucosal barrier proteins; mast cell products such as histamine, proteases, and tryptase; enteroendocrine cell products; and mucosal mRNAs, proteins, and microRNAs. This article reviews the current knowledge and unanswered questions in the pathobiology of the chemical and molecular factors in IBS. Evidence continues to point to significant roles in pathogenesis of these chemical and molecular mechanisms, which may therefore constitute potential targets for future research and therapy. However, it is still necessary to address the interaction between these factors in the gut and to appraise how they may influence hypervigilance in the central nervous system in patients with IBS.

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