scholarly journals Nutritional and Physicochemical Characterization of Vegetable Fibres in Order to Obtain Gelled Products

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Noguerol ◽  
Marta Igual ◽  
Mª Jesús Pagán-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional and physicochemical properties of two combinations of vegetable fibres (FBPC: bamboo, Psyllium, and citric fibre, and FPESB: pea, cane sugar, and bamboo fibre) and the possibility of using them as a thickener or gelling agent in food. To determine the technological, nutritional, and physical parameters the following analyses were carried out: water holding capacity, water retention capacity, swelling, fat absorption capacity, solubility, particle size, moisture, hygroscopicity, water activity, bulk density, porosity, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and minerals content. In addition, gels were prepared at concentrations 1 to 7% at 5 °C and analysed at 25 °C before and after a treatment at 65 °C for 20 min. Back extrusion test, pH, and colour were carried out. As results, both samples showed significant differences in all tested parameters. Hydration properties of FBPC were higher than in FPESB, but at the functional level, high values were found in FPESB. Moreover, FPESB was a source of minerals with an important content of Fe. In gels, significant differences in textural properties were found between samples and also due to the treatment used but further studies are needed to explore their use in the development of functional food products.

scholarly journals Nutritional, Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Vegetable Fibers to Develop Fiber-Based Gel Foods

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Noguerol ◽  
Marta Igual ◽  
M. Jesús Pagán-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Physico Chemical

The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional and physico-chemical properties of six different vegetable fibers and explore the possibility of using them as a thickener or gelling agent in food. To determine the technological, nutritional and physical parameters, the following analyses were carried out: water-holding capacity, water retention capacity, swelling, fat absorption capacity, solubility, particle size, moisture, hygroscopicity, pH, water activity, bulk density, porosity, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and mineral content. Gels were prepared at concentrations from 4% to 7% at 5 °C and analyzed at 25 °C before and after treatment at 65 °C for 20 min. A back extrusion test, texture profile analysis and rheology were performed and the pH value, water content and color were analyzed. As a result, all the samples generally showed significant differences in all the tested parameters. Hydration properties were different in all the tested samples, but the high values found for chia flour and citrus fiber are highlighted in functional terms. Moreover, chia flour was a source of minerals with high Fe, Mn and Cu contents. In gels, significant differences were found in the textural and rheological properties among the samples, and also due to the heat treatment used (65 °C, 20 min). As a result, chia flour, citrus, potato and pea fibers showed more appropriate characteristics for thickening. Moreover, potato fiber at high concentrations and both combinations of fibers (pea, cane sugar and bamboo fiber and bamboo, psyllium and citric fiber) were more suitable for gelling agents to be used in food products.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND INFLUENCES OF COCONUT FLOUR ON TEXTURE OF DOUGH AND COOKIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5A) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Lai Quoc Dat
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Spread Ratio ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Size Of Particles

Coconut flour, a significant byproduct of coconut milk and oil productions, is rich in fiber and protein. It can be utilized as an alternative material for cookies products. This paper focused on the functional properties of coconut flour and effect of coconut flour supplement on texture of dough and cookies. Results indicated that hydration properties and oil binding capacity (OBC) were significantly influenced by size of particles in coconut flour. With increase in size of coconut flour, water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling capacity (SC) values increased; whereas, OBC value decreased. Maximum value of water retention capacity (WRC) was observed at 0.20–0.25 mm of particle size. Adding coconut flour into dough caused enhancement of hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness; whereas, insignificantly influenced on springiness. In addition, adding coconut flour led to decrease in spread ratio and increase in hardness of cookies. The results can be applied for substitution of coconut flour for wheat flour in cookies processing.  

scholarly journals Methods for the Evaluation of Industrial Mechanical Pretreatments before Anaerobic Digesters

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Coarita Fernandez ◽  
Diana Amaya Ramirez ◽  
Ruben Teixeira Franco ◽  
Pierre Buffière ◽  
Rémy Bayard
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Methane Production Rate

Different methods were tested to evaluate the performance of a pretreatment before anaerobic digestion. Besides conventional biochemical parameters, such as the biochemical methane potential (BMP), the methane production rate, or the extent of solubilization of organic compounds, methods for physical characterization were also developed in the present work. Criteria, such as the particle size distribution, the water retention capacity, and the rheological properties, were thus measured. These methods were tested on samples taken in two full-scale digesters operating with cattle manure as a substrate and using hammer mills. The comparison of samples taken before and after the pretreatment unit showed no significant improvement in the methane potential. However, the methane production rate increased by 15% and 26% for the two hammer mills, respectively. A relevant improvement of the rheological properties was also observed. This feature is likely correlated with the average reduction in particle size during the pretreatment operation, but these results needs confirmation in a wider range of systems.

scholarly journals Effect of treatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide associated with extrusion on color and hydration properties of oat hulls

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melicia Cintia Galdeano ◽  
Maria Victória Eiras Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Feed Moisture

An incomplete factorial design with three independent variables at three levels of variation was used to evaluate the effect of the treatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide concomitant with extrusion on some properties of oat hulls. The independent variables were hydrogen peroxide level, feed moisture and extrusion temperature. The dependent variables were water retention capacity (WRC), swollen volume (SV) and color. The analysis of variance showed that temperature was the most important variable for the hydration properties. The highest values of WRC and SV were obtained when oat hulls were processed in the condition of 7% hydrogen peroxide, 32% feed moisture and 90ºC extrusion temperature. Modified hulls had a WRC 70% higher and SV 55% higher than the untreated material. The instrumental measure of color was conducted to analyze the modifications promoted due to the treatment in this parameter. The highest value of brightness was obtained with 7% hydrogen peroxide. The modifications in the fibers were accompanied indirectly through hydration properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of freshness and physicochemical characteristics of blankets of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) bred in captivity at different ages in relation to the seasons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Rodrigues de Rosa ◽  
Alessandra Almeida da Silva ◽  
Wander Miguel de Barros ◽  
Anaqueli Lucia Pedroso ◽  
Maria Fernanda Evelin Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Inspection Service

This study aimed to evaluate the freshness and physicochemical characterization of pirarucu blankets at different ages bred in captivity in excavated tanks in northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil, in different seasons (rain and dry seasons). Four harvests were performed in two different tanks and five specimens obtained in each evaluated period, with animals aged 18 and 24 months, respectively, at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were slaughtered in a local establishment that had an inspection service following humane standards, and the blankets were later sent to analysis. The samples were analyzed for freshness via total volatile nitrogenous bases and physicochemical characteristics (pH in 24 h, water activity, water retention capacity, dripping loss, cooking loss, and shear force). There was a statistical difference for total nitrogenous volatile bases and shear force with higher values in the rainy season (24 month-of-old animals). Additionally, pH and water activity differed statistically at 24 h in the same period, albeit for 18-month-of-old animals. It was possible to conclude that climate variation affected the freshness and physicochemical characteristics of the pirarucu blankets while age did not.

scholarly journals Leg tissue composition and physico-chemical parameters of sheep meat fed annatto coproduct

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3377
Author(s):  
Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Inês Sucupira Maciel ◽  
Stela Antas Urbano ◽  
Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Physico Chemical

Our objective was to evaluate leg tissue composition and physico-chemical quality parameters of sheep meat fed with increasing levels of annatto coproduct. 32 male uncastrated animals without a defined breed were randomized in four treatments (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1 of annatto coproduct in the DM diet). After 78 days of confinement, the animals were slaughtered and body components were recorded. Reconstituted leg weight, total muscle weight, biceps weight and semitendinosus weight showed a negative linear behavior (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of the annatto coproduct in the diet. No effects of the inclusion of annatto coproduct (P > 0.05) were found for leg tissue composition (%), muscle:bone ratio, relative fat or leg muscle. Meat physico-chemical parameters (color, shear force, water retention capacity and cooking losses) were not affected by the inclusion of the annatto coproduct in the diet. The annatto coproduct can be included in up to 300 g kg-1 of dietary dry matter without negative effects to the leg tissue composition (%) and physical parameters of confined sheep meat.

scholarly journals Do earthworms (D. veneta) influence plant-available water in technogenic soil-like substrate from bricks and compost?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Ulrich ◽  
Moreen Willaredt ◽  
Thomas Nehls ◽  
Loes van Schaik
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Microcosm Experiment ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Abstract Purpose Topsoil and peat are often taken from intact rural ecosystems to supply the urban demand for fertile soils and soil-like substrates. One way of reducing this exploitation is to recycle suitable urban wastes to produce Technosols and technogenic soil-like substrates. In this study, we investigate the role earthworms can play in impacting the hydraulic properties of such a soil-like substrate. Materials and methods In a 4-month microcosm experiment, the influence of the earthworm species D. veneta on the hydraulic properties of brick-compost mixture was examined. Of the ten boxes filled with ca. 11 dm3 of ground bricks (0.7 cm3 cm−3) and green waste compost (0.3 cm3 cm−3), five contained earthworms (W-boxes) and the remaining five were used as controls (C-boxes). The substrate was periodically irrigated and the weight of the boxes and of the drained water was monitored. At the same time, images were taken from the front of the boxes to quantify the activity of the earthworms by image analysis and soil aggregation was studied with micrographs. Before and after the experiment, water retention curves were determined from disturbed samples of the substrate using the simplified evaporation method. Results and discussion After 6 weeks, differences between the C- and the W-boxes were evident. Micrographs showed brick-compost aggregates only for the substrates processed by earthworms. The earthworm activity leads to reduced evaporation and an increased water content in the respective microcosms. The effect persists even after disturbing the substrate. The proportion of plant-available soil water is about 0.02 cm3 cm−3 higher for the substrate processed by earthworms (0.250 ± 0.009 cm3 cm−3) compared with the control (0.230 ± 0.008 cm3 cm−3). Conclusions This study shows that earthworms are capable of ingesting and processing crushed bricks together with compost. The earthworms produced aggregates which persisted after disturbance and had a positive influence on the water retention capacity of such a soil-like substrate constructed from waste.

scholarly journals Kastamonu Karaçomak Havzasının Kentsel Gelişim Alanlarında Yeraltı Suyu Beslenimi Açısından Ekolojik Etki Değerlendirme

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Nuriye Ebru Yıldız ◽  
Şükran Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The North ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Development Area ◽  
Priority Action

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ecological impact of groundwater recharging in the urban development area in the north of Kastamonu city. In this respect, the urban development area was examined in terms of water permeability, which is one of the functions of the landscape, and the ecological impact assessment was carried out in order to determine the level of change in groundwater recharging and land cover before and after urban development. With the methods used within the scope of the study, negative changes in groundwater and water retention capacity can be revealed as a result of other interventions on urbanization and landscape. On the other hand, it is important that landscape plans, where the ecological processes expressed as landscape function, including groundwater recharging and surface runoff potential, are considered as the priority action area of the multi-layered spatial planning process, rather than the investigation of the mentioned negativities after planning and/or implementation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Landscape Retention Water Capacity and Hydrological Balance in Traditional Agricultural Landscape (Model Area Liptovská Teplička Settlements, Slovakia)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3591
Author(s):  
Zdena Krnáčová ◽  
Pavol Kenderessy ◽  
Juraj Hreško ◽  
Daniel Kubínsky ◽  
Marta Dobrovodská
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Hydrological Balance ◽  
Landscape Ecological

The hydration potential of a landscape is an increasingly important attribute in a time of advancing climate change, making its assessment also a matter of some urgency. This study used the landscape ecological approach involving the hydrological balance, in which the soil water retention capacity (SWRC) and landscape water retention capacity (LWRC) are evaluated. To support our assessment of the water retention capacity in the landscape (LWRC), we used a synthetic interconnection of analytical vector layers of selected physical parameters of soil subtypes and secondary landscape structure (SLS) to create homogeneous polygons in the GIS Arc/Map10 computing environment. Selected abiotic and biotic attributes were assigned coefficients using a simple algorithm according to the authors, which were projected into landscape ecological complexes (LEC) in the GIS computer program in the Arc/Map10 program. We used hydrological balance calculations to specify the volumes of water retained in the landscape. The aim is to spatially estimate the retention capacity of the landscape, taking into account the current land use, including historical anti-erosion measures to reduce unwanted water runoff and soil erosion. Using zonal statistics, we achieved the following results. The part of the model area with very low or low LWCR represents 39.91% of the agricultural land used. We recorded a high LWCR on 17.69% of the area, with a predominance of meadows and cultizol cambis and cultizol fluvials. The calculation of the hydrological balance, which represents only 22.9% of atmospheric precipitation, also made a significant contribution to our knowledge of the LWRC.

Development of plant-available water in soil-like substrate derived from urban wastes and processed by earthworm Dendrobaena veneta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreen Willaredt ◽  
Susanne Ulrich ◽  
Thomas Nehls ◽  
Loes van Scheik
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Microcosm Experiment ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
Earthworm Activity

&lt;p&gt;Topsoil and peat are often taken from intact rural ecosystems to supply the urban demand for fertile soils and soil-like substrates. One way of reducing this exploitation is to recycle suitable urban wastes to produce Technosols and technogenic soil-like sub&amp;#173;strates. In this study we investigate the role earthworms can play in improving the hydraulic properties of such a soil-like substrate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a four-month microcosm experiment, the influence of the earthworm species D.veneta on the hy&amp;#173;draulic properties of brick-compost mixture was examined. Of the ten boxes filled with ca. 11 dm&amp;#179; of ground bricks (0.7 cm&amp;#179; cm-3) and green waste compost (0.3 cm&amp;#179; cm-3), five contained earthworms (W-boxes) and the re&amp;#173;maining five were used as controls (C-boxes). The substrate was periodically irrigated and the weight of the boxes and of the drained water was monitored. At the same time, images were taken from the front of the boxes to quantify the activity of the earthworms by image analysis. Before and after the experiment, water retention curves were determined from disturbed samples of the substrate using the simplified evaporation method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After six weeks, differences between the C- and the W-boxes were evident. Micrographs showed brick-compost aggregates only for the substrates processed by earthworms. The earthworm activity leads to reduced evaporation and an increased water content in the respec&amp;#173;tive microcosms. The effect persists even after disturbing the substrate. The propor&amp;#173;tion of plant-available soil water is about 0.02 cm&amp;#179; cm-3 higher for the substrate processed by earthworms (0.250 &amp;#177;0.009 cm&amp;#179; cm-3) compared to the control (0.230 &amp;#177;0.008 cm&amp;#179; cm-3).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study shows that earthworms are capable of ingesting and processing crushed bricks together with compost. The earthworms produced aggregates which persisted after disturbance and had a positive influence on the water retention capacity of such a soil-like substrate constructed from waste.&lt;/p&gt;

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