scholarly journals Rapid Weight Loss and Dietary Inadequacies among Martial Arts Practitioners from Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Anyżewska ◽  
Igor Dzierżanowski ◽  
Agnieszka Woźniak ◽  
Magdalena Leonkiewicz ◽  
Agata Wawrzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Natural Support ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Healthy nutrition and maintaining a normal body weight are very important for reducing the risk of various diseases not only among the general population, but also among athletes, especially combat sport athletes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of rapid weight loss (RWL) and to indicate eventual dietary inadequacies among professional martial arts practitioners. Sixty-two male athletes (aged: 23 ± 4) completed a questionnaire (i.e., frequency of food group consumption, questions about training and RWL) and single 24-h dietary recall. This study confirmed the high prevalence of RWL in athletes (58%) for two to three days before the competition, which allowed for reduction of 3.4 ± 1.0 kg (4.3 ± 1.5%) of their body weight. Many dietary inaccuracies were found such as: lower than recommended by nutrition experts, level of consumption of dairy products, grain products, fruit, and vegetables, and insufficient intake of energy, carbohydrates, minerals (especially iodine, potassium, calcium) and vitamins (especially D, folate, C, E) during the training day. Adequate nutrition is a natural support for the whole training process, and may allow for regulation of body weight in a longer period and in a safer manner; thus, there is a need for nutrition education dedicated to athletes and their trainers.

scholarly journals High Prevalence and Magnitude of Rapid Weight Loss in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Hillier ◽  
Louise Sutton ◽  
Lewis James ◽  
Dara Mojtahedi ◽  
Nicola Keay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
High Prevalence

The practice of rapid weight loss (RWL) in mixed martial arts (MMA) is an increasing concern but data remain scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, magnitude, methods, and influencers of RWL in professional and amateur MMA athletes. MMA athletes (N = 314; 287 men and 27 women) across nine weight categories (strawweight to heavyweight), completed a validated questionnaire adapted for this sport. Sex-specific data were analyzed, and subgroup comparisons were made between athletes competing at professional and amateur levels. Most athletes purposefully reduced body weight for competition (men: 97.2%; women: 100%). The magnitude of RWL in 1 week prior to weigh-in was significantly greater for professional athletes compared with those competing at amateur level (men: 5.9% vs. 4.2%; women: 5.0% vs. 2.1% of body weight; p < .05). In the 24 hr preceding weigh-in, the magnitude of RWL was greater at professional than amateur level in men (3.7% vs. 2.5% of body weight; p < .05). Most athletes “always” or “sometimes” used water loading (72.9%), restricting fluid intake (71.3%), and sweat suits (55.4%) for RWL. Coaches were cited as the primary source of influence on RWL practices (men: 29.3%; women: 48.1%). There is a high reported prevalence of RWL in MMA, at professional and amateur levels. Our findings, constituting the largest inquiry to date, call for urgent action from MMA organizations to safeguard the health and well-being of athletes competing in this sport.

scholarly journals Body weight recovery after rapid weight loss may relate to meal frequency or time in wrestlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Keiko Motonaga ◽  
Satoko Ozawa ◽  
Yoshiko Ishii ◽  
Akiko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss

scholarly journals A comparative study of different acceleration sensors in measuring energy consumption of human martial arts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixia Jia ◽  
Zengyin Yan ◽  
Yongyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Mass Group

AbstractAt present, there are many acceleration sensors for measuring human martial arts in the market. However, due to the inaccurate measurement of some acceleration sensors, people who love martial arts are deeply troubled and unable to find an excellent acceleration sensor specifically for energy consumption detection of human martial arts. The development of this sensor is imminent, which is of great significance for the comparative study of energy consumption measurement of human martial arts in our country. In this study, 160 students aged 11–14 years were selected, and the subjects were divided into normal body mass group and abnormal body mass group. Of the 96 male adolescents, 32 were obese body mass, which was determined as male abnormal body mass Group; 64 male adolescents were normal body weight and male normal body weight group; female 64 adolescents were normal body weight and set as female normal body mass group. Using a built-in accelerometer and a mobile phone three-dimensional accelerometer, the subjects were subjected to a 3–8 km/h human martial arts exercise load test (each speed is continuously performed for 5 min). The two acceleration sensors collectively assess the accuracy of the prediction of the use of force in human martial arts experiments. The average power consumption of human art exercises uses a frequency of 60 times/min, 90 times/min and 120 times/min compared to two acceleration sensors. Test results show that the data points for the mobile accelerator eraser are scattered, and the distance between the data varies. The data points of the three-dimensional acceleration sensor are more concentrated and present a certain trend. The use of three-dimensional acceleration sensors to measure martial arts can fully reflect the energy consumption of human activities, and achieve an energy consumption measurement accuracy of more than 94%.

Rapid Weight Gain Following Weight Cutting in Male and Female Professional Mixed Martial Artists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kadhiresan R. Murugappan ◽  
Ariel Mueller ◽  
Daniel P. Walsh ◽  
Shahzad Shaefi ◽  
Akiva Leibowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Small Series

Rapid weight loss or “weight cutting” is a common but potentially harmful practice used in mixed martial arts competition. Following the official weigh-in, competitors refeed and rehydrate themselves in a process known as rapid weight gain (RWG) to realize a potential competitive advantage. While data from surveys and small series have indicated the majority of mixed martial arts athletes engage in rapid weight loss, there is a lack of officially collected data from sanctioning organizations describing its prevalence. The present investigation represents a summary of the data collected between December 2015 and January 2018 by the California State Athletic Commission. In total, 512 professional mixed martial artists (455 males and 57 females) were included. Of these, 503 (98%) athletes gained body mass between weigh-in and their bouts. Total RWG between weigh-in and competition was 5.5 ± 2.5 kg, corresponding to an 8.1% ± 3.6% body mass increase. Total RWG was 5.6 ± 2.5 kg (8.1% ± 3.6%) for males and 4.5 ± 2.3 kg (8.0% ± 3.8%) for females. More than one quarter of men and one third of women gained >10% body mass between weigh-in and competition. Athletes from leading international promotions gained more absolute, but not relative, body mass than those from regional promotions. Our findings indicate RWG is nearly ubiquitous in professional , with a similar prevalence in male and female athletes. Trends based on promotion suggest a larger magnitude of RWG in presumably more experienced and/or successful mixed martial artists from leading international promotions.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Magnitude and Methods of Rapid Weight Loss Reported by Male Mixed Martial Arts Athletes in Ireland

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Connor ◽  
Brendan Egan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Body Mass Reduction

Rapid weight loss (RWL) is frequently practiced in weight category sports, including Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). The aim of the present study was to describe self-reported methods of RWL in a sample of competitive MMA athletes comprising of both amateur and professional fighters. The previously-validated Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire, with the addition of questions on water loading and hot salt baths, was completed anonymously online by athletes (n = 30; all male, n = 15/15 professional/amateur) from MMA clubs around Dublin, Ireland. All but one (97%) of the athletes surveyed lost weight in order to compete, with the average weight loss being 7.9% ± 3.1% of habitual body mass. The RWL score (mean ± SD) for this sample was 37.9 ± 9.6, and a tendency for higher [6.0 (95%CI; −1.1, 13.1) (p = 0.093; d = 0.64)] RWL scores for professional (40.8 ± 8.9) compared to amateur (34.8 ± 9.6) athletes was observed. Frequencies of “always” or “sometimes” were reported as 90% for water loading, 76% for hot salt baths and 55% for 24 h of fasting. Fellow fighters (41%) and coaches/mentors (38%) were “very influential” on RWL practices of these athletes, with doctors (67%), dietitians (41%), and physical trainers (37%) said to be “not influential”. RWL is highly prevalent in MMA across both amateur and professional athletes, and RWL scores are higher than other combat sports. Water loading and hot salt baths are amongst the most commonly used methods of RWL despite little research on these methods for body mass reduction or effects on performance in weight category sports.

scholarly journals During Rapid Weight Loss in Obese Children, Reductions in TSH Predict Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Changes in Body Weight or Fat

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 5412-5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Aeberli ◽  
Andreas Jung ◽  
Stefanie B. Murer ◽  
Johannes Wildhaber ◽  
Joanne Wildhaber-Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Children

The feasibility and utility of a protein sparing modified fast (PSMF) in obese endometrial cancer survivors: A pilot study.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Thomas Patrick Lawler ◽  
Mary Beth Kavanagh ◽  
Christa Irene Nagel ◽  
Kristen Taylor Ruckstuhl ◽  
Sareena Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Sparing ◽  
Lipid Panel

170 Background: Endometrial cancer affects 50,000 women a year. Obesity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. Obese endometrial cancer survivors (ECS) are at significant lifetime risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), recurrence and death. There are no prospective studies examining the role of diet only in attempting to achieve weight loss in obese ECS. Protein sparing modified fast (PSMF), an approach to rapid weight loss, has been used to treat obesity in a safe manner. A pilot study is underway to investigate the feasibility of a PSMF for weight loss in this high risk population. Methods: To date, seven obese (BMI > 30kg/m^2) ECS have been placed on a PSMF under the supervision of a physician and dietitian. Patients provided demographic information and Obesity Quality of Life (OQOL) questionnaire. Comprehensive metabolic panel with lipid panel and biomarkers of inflammation were drawn. Patients were instructed to eliminate carbohydrate containing foods and to augment with 1.2g/kg of protein per obesity-adjusted ideal body weight. Primary objectives are: total weight loss, subject retention, compliance, side effects, QOL and alterations in markers of obesity and inflammation. Results: The median age of the patient group was 56 years. Median baseline weight was 292.4 pounds (185.9-369). Median BMI was 44.5 kg/m2 (37.5-61.4). Mean baseline leptin level was 54.3 ng/ml (normal: 2.5-21.8). Mean baseline C-reactive protein level, a strong marker for CVD, was 4.574 (high risk for CVD > 3). At 4 weeks median percent body weight lost was -6.48% (5.19%-7.00%). At 3 months the median loss nearly doubled to -13% (8.31%-14.11%). Significant reduction in CRP and leptin occurred in 2 patients: mean decrease was 3.9 and 28 points respectively. Conclusions: Our early data demonstrate that significant weight loss in obese endometrial cancer survivors is achievable in a standard outpatient gynecologic oncology practice. While long term follow up data and elucidation of the true significance of improvement in serum inflammatory markers are needed, we do know that even a 5-10% loss of body weight can lead to substantial improvement in CVD and diabetes risk.

scholarly journals COMPOSITIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE BODY IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Gerasimchik ◽  
Ya. V. Girsh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background. The steady growth of obesity in the children’s age group determines the need for integrated modern approaches to diagnosis and therapy.Objective. To determine the body composition of adolescents with different body mass for the quantitative analysis of the internal environment of the organism using the method bioimpendancemetria.Design and methods. To determine the composition of the body, 121 adolescents aged 10–17 years were examined, the average age was 13.9 years (± 2.1). Evaluation of anthropometric data and determination of BMI at the 1st stage of the study allowed to identify 3 groups of patients: group 1 — adolescents with normal body weight, 40 people (33 %), group 2 — overweight, 48 people (40 %) and group 3 — obese, 33 adolescents (27 %). At stage 2nd, the analysis of the body structure using computer impedance, which allows to determine the composition of the body in a percentage.Results. When assessing the structure of the body, in group with normal body weight, the content of adipose tissue corresponds to the normal value. In adolescents overweight and obesity in 100 % of cases there was an increased content of fat mass. In the group of adolescents with normal body weight, the percentage deviation of AKM is 16–17 %, in the group with excess body weight 12–40 %. Insufficient as well as excessive percentage of AKM causes hunger. The higher AKM in full adolescents, the more difficult the process of weight loss. During the evaluation of the main metabolism it was found that in the group of obese patients the indicators exceeded those in the groups with normal and overweight.Conclusion. The use of bioimpedance analysis allows to create an optimal set of sequential effects aimed at correcting the fat mass, water composition and muscle mass of the patient, which determines a more directed and effective weight loss and the possibility of dynamic control.

scholarly journals Differences in the Bodyweight, Hydration Levels, Lean Mass, and Fat Mass in Spanish Junior Elite Judokas

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2853
Author(s):  
David Gamero-delCastillo ◽  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Archit Navandar ◽  
Alfonso López Díaz de Durana
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Level Variable

Combat sports have a great interest in society and among professional sports. They are an important group of sports in the Olympic Games, but the strategies carried out by athletes to reduce body weight for weighing day, is famously known, suffering the adverse physical and psychological effects of rapid weight loss. This could compromise not only the performance, but the health and development of young athletes. A total of 22 elite male judokas (18.05 ± 1.05 years old) were evaluated during four different competitions in one season; the variables of body weight, water levels, and lean and fat mass were measured by bioimpedance (BIA), (Tanita BC545N) during one season. Using the linear mixed model test, we found significant differences in bodyweight variable during the competitions 3–4. The water level variable showed significant differences in all competitions, except for 2–4. Body mass index was significantly different in all competitions, being higher in the later competitions, except between competitions 1–2 and 2–3. Judokas participate in weight loss methods for their weigh-in days. Furthermore, the age at which the athletes reduced their water levels are worrisome. These results could be used to create healthy programs, especially in elite judokas, in order to carry out strategies before, during, and after competitions with weight loss and controlled water levels increasing future performance and health.

Weight Management and Weight Loss Strategies of Professional Jockeys

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Moore ◽  
Anna F. Timperio ◽  
David A. Crawford ◽  
Cate M. Burns ◽  
David Cameron-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Additional Weight ◽  
The Impact

Jockeys are required to maintain very low body weight and precise weight control during competition. This study examined the weight loss and weight management strategies of professional horseracing jockeys in the state of Victoria, Australia. An anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was administered (55% response rate, n=116). Almost half (43%) reported that maintaining riding weight was difficult or very difficult, with 75% routinely skipping meals. In preparation for racing, 60% reported that they typically required additional weight loss, with 81% restricting food intake in the 24 hours prior to racing. Additionally, sauna-induced sweating (29%) and diuretics (22%) were frequently employed to further aid in weight loss prior to racing. These rapid weight loss methods did not differ between the 51% of jockeys who followed a weight management plan compared to those who did not. The impact of these extreme weight loss practices on riding performance and health remains unknown.

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