scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Investigation of Coxiella burnetii in Small Ruminants and Ticks in Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qudrat Ullah ◽  
Hosny El-Adawy ◽  
Tariq Jamil ◽  
Huma Jamil ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Coxiellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii affecting the productive and reproductive capabilities of animals. This study was conducted to gain insight into the seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants in seven farms of the Punjab, Pakistan. Potential risk factors were assessed. In total, 1000 serum samples (500 from sheep and 500 from goats) and 163 ticks were collected from the ruminants. All these 163 ticks were merged into 55 pools (29 pools for ticks from sheep and 26 pools for ticks from goat). Serum samples were investigated using an indirect ELISA and PCR. Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected in 29 pooled seropositive samples and 11 pooled ticks by real-time qPCR. Serological analysis revealed a prevalence of 15.6% and 15.0% in sheep and goats, respectively. A significant association was found between seropositivity and different variables like district, lactational status, reproductive status, body condition and reproductive disorders. Univariate analysis showed that detection of C. burnetii DNA in tick pools was significantly associated with the presence of ticks on sheep and goats. However, a non-significant association was found for the prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in serum pools. Hence, C. burnetii infection is prevalent in small ruminants and ticks maintained at livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Q fever in small ruminants in the northeast Anatolian region in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 6522-2021
Author(s):  
PERIHAN SERIFOĞLU BAGATIR ◽  
BIRAY OKUMUS ◽  
EDIZ KAAN OZGEN ◽  
MUSTAFA ULUCAN ◽  
BERNA YANMAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Goat Population

The aim of our study was to determine the seroepidemiological profile of Q fever in small ruminants in Turkey and to examine its prevalence changes over the years. The study included 573 serum samples taken in 2013 and 472 samples taken in 2017 from animals in mixed herds of sheep and goats from 84 farms in Northeast Anatolia. Phase I and phase II IgG antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in serum samples were investigated by IDEXX ELISA (Q fever Ab Test IDEXX Laboratories, USA) indirect ELISA kits. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii IgG in Artvin, Gümüşhane and Iğdır provinces was 5.6% in sheep, 1.8% in goats and 4.5% in total in 2013. In contrast, it was 24.4% in sheep, 1.1% in goats and 20.1% in total in 2017. According to the total seroprevalence rates calculated by including both sheep and goat population, it was seen that the province with the highest seroprevalence change in these animals was Iğdır with a 7.3-fold increase. Herd-level seroprevalence was 29.4% in 2013 and 57.6% in 2017. According to these results, the C. burnetii IgG seroprevalence nearly doubled after four years. This increase has been evaluated as a major risk for animal and human health as well as for the livestock economy in Northeastern Anatolia, where animal husbandry is intense.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cattle in the Belgrade epizootiological area

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Jadranka Zutic ◽  
Dragica Vojinovic ◽  
Slobodan Stanojevic ◽  
Branislav Kureljusic ◽  
Vesna Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen

Q-fever is antropozoonosis which is caused by Coxiella burnetii, obligate intracellular pathogen. The most significant characteristics of this pathogen are resistance and stability in the environment, possibility of aerosol dissemination, and very low infective dose. C. burnetii can infect domestic and wild animals, rodents, birds and ticks. Q fever in animals is generally asymptomatic, although it can lead to reproductive disorders during pregnancy. The main route of infection in humans is inhalation of contaminated aerosol and dust. Serological studies have shown the presence of antibodies to C. burnetii in the serum samples of cattle in Belgrade epizootiological area. Seroprevalence of 18% was found in farm bred cattle, while it was only 1.5% in individual breeding. In farm bred cows that have suffered abortion prevalence was 49%, and only 1.9% in individual breeding. The overall results indicate that the circulation of this pathogen in cattle, in Belgrade epizootiological area, poses a health risk, not only to the cattle, but also to the humans, especially persons working with animals. Q fever control programs most often recommend serological research and vaccination of animals. Accordingly, it is necessary to define a strategy for the implementation of biosecurity measures and preventive measures against Q fever.

scholarly journals Review of Peste des Petits Ruminants Occurrence and Spread in Tanzania

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Daniel Pius Mdetele ◽  
Erick Komba ◽  
Misago Dimson Seth ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Richard Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important transboundary animal disease of domestic small ruminants, camels, and wild artiodactyls. The disease has significant socio-economic impact on communities that depend on livestock for their livelihood and is a threat to endangered susceptible wild species. The aim of this review was to describe the introduction of PPR to Tanzania and its subsequent spread to different parts of the country. On-line databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature, formal and informal reports were obtained from Tanzanian Zonal Veterinary Investigation Centres and Laboratories, and Veterinary Officers involved with PPR surveillance were contacted. PPR virus (PPRV) was confirmed in northern Tanzania in 2008, although serological data from samples collected in the region in 1998 and 2004, and evidence that the virus was already circulating in Uganda in 2003, suggests that PPRV might have been present earlier than this. It is likely that the virus which became established in Tanzania was introduced from Kenya between 2006–7 through the cross-border movement of small ruminants for trade or grazing resources, and then spread to eastern, central, and southern Tanzania from 2008 to 2010 through movement of small ruminants by pastoralists and traders. There was no evidence of PPRV sero-conversion in wildlife based on sera collected up to 2012, suggesting that they did not play a vectoring or bridging role in the establishment of PPRV in Tanzania. PPRV lineages II, III and IV have been detected, indicating that there have been several virus introductions. PPRV is now considered to be endemic in sheep and goats in Tanzania, but there has been no evidence of PPR clinical disease in wildlife species in Tanzania, although serum samples collected in 2014 from several wild ruminant species were PPRV sero-positive. Similarly, no PPR disease has been observed in cattle and camels. In these atypical hosts, serological evidence indicates exposure to PPRV infection, most likely through spillover from infected sheep and goats. Some of the challenges for PPRV eradication in Tanzania include movements of small ruminants, including transboundary movements, and the capacity of veterinary services for disease surveillance and vaccination. Using wildlife and atypical domestic hosts for PPR surveillance is a useful indicator of endemism and the ongoing circulation of PPRV in livestock, especially during the implementation of vaccination to control or eliminate the disease in sheep and goats. PPR disease has a major socio-economic impact in Tanzania, which justifies the investment in a comprehensive PPRV eradication programme.

scholarly journals Evaluation of abortions spontaneously induced by Neospora caninum and risk factors in dairy cattle from Lima, Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Enrique Serrano-Martínez ◽  
Cesar Abel Burga Cisterna ◽  
Roberto Carlos Evaristo Romero ◽  
Marco Antonio Quispe Huacho ◽  
Alessandra Matienzo Bermabé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract Our objective was to identify the direct and indirect presence of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle and their aborted fetuses from Lima, Peru. A total 219 blood samples obtained from dairy cattle with records of spontaneous abortion were collected to detect antibodies against N. caninum in serum with indirect ELISA and search for risk-factor associations. 68 fetal aborted tissue samples of these cows were analyzed by PCR, indirect ELISA and histopathology assay to detect N. caninum presence. The prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-squared test. Among the 68 aborted fetuses collected, 10 (15%) were positive in at least two diagnostic tests. Among 219 serum samples, 46.6% (95% CI: 40.0%-53.3%) were positive. Cows with 4 years or older (PR: 7.10; 95% CI: 4.89-10.67) and multiparous (PR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.11-2.80) were found to be more likely to possess N. caninum antibodies. This study detects presence of N. caninum in dairy cattle and their aborted fetus from Lima valley, suggesting biosecurity management improve to neosporosis control.

A study of the correlation between Coxiella burnetii seropositivity and abortions in sheep in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Kilic ◽  
Hakan Kalender
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Bacterium ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Elisa Kit

Q fever is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Infected animals are usually asymptomatic, but infection can cause abortion and stillbirth in ruminants. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate prevalance of Coxiella burnetii infection in aborted and nonaborted sheep serum samples in Eastern Anatolia region by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The determine of prevalance in sheep flocks from four provinces (Elazig, Malatya, Tunceli, Bitlis) and tested for anti-C.burnetii antibody detection, by means of Chekit Q fever Elisa kit. 350 serum samples obtained from flocks belonging aborted sheep showed that a total of 56 (16%) were detected seropositivity, whereas 171 serum samples obtained from nonaborted sheep flocks in 13 of the 171 (7.60%) for C.burnetii in seropositivity were observed. Coxiellosis should be considered an important cause of sheep with abortion history and nonaborted in Elazig and neighboring provinces.

scholarly journals SEROLOGICAL RESULTS OF MVV AND CAEV ANTIBODIES IN SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM SHEEP AND GOAT FLOCKS OF ROMANIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Alexandru Enache ◽  
Stelian Baraitareanu ◽  
Marius Dan ◽  
Maria Rodica Gurau ◽  
Camelia Nuţiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
National Program ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Bucharest City

INTRODUCTION: Maedi-Visna (MV) and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) are specific diseases of small ruminants caused by lentiretroviruses. These diseases are not a public health concern but they are important due to their economic impact. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyse the results of the serological screening for MVV and CAEV antibodies in samples collected from small ruminants farms located in 14 Romanian counties and the proximity of Bucharest city. METHODS: The samples were analysed by indirect ELISA, using a commercial diagnosis kit. We investigated 702 serum samples in 160 iELISA tests: 148 pools (2-5 samples/pool) and 12 individual animals. RESULTS: We noticed 27.50% positive samples that confirm the exposure to MVV and CAEV viruses of small ruminants, but the confirmation is requesting investigation using molecular biology tools or other serological techniques. CONCLUSION: A reliable picture over the SRLV infections could underlie a national program for monitoring.

scholarly journals Serological survey of Coxiella burnetii infections in dairy cattle, sheep, goats and zoo animals in Hungary – Short communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Dobos ◽  
István Fodor ◽  
Gerda Kiss ◽  
Miklós Gyuranecz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Zoo Animals

AbstractQ fever is a disease of high zoonotic potential, but interest in its causative agent is rather low although it causes some public health problems in Hungary. The prevalence of Q fever is highly variable by country. The main reservoirs of the disease are the same domestic ruminant species everywhere, but the epidemiological profile depends on the features of the specific reservoir. The aim of this large-scale study was to demonstrate the importance of Q fever in different species as a possible source for human infection in most regions of Hungary. A total of 851 serum samples from 44 dairy farms, 16 sheep flocks, 4 goat farms and 3 zoos located in different parts of Hungary were tested. The presence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii was surveyed in dairy cattle (n = 547), goats (n = 71), sheep (n = 200) and zoo animals (n = 33). The animal species tested in Hungary showed different seroprevalence values of C. burnetii infection. Seropositivity by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found in 258 out of 547 (47.2%) cows and in 69 out of 271 (25.5%) small ruminants, among them in 47 out of 200 (23.5%) sheep and in 22 out of 71 (31.0%) goats. Antibodies to C. burnetii were not detected in zoo animals. Seropositivity was demonstrated in 44 out of 44 (100%) dairy cattle farms, with at least one serum sample found to be positive on each farm. The seropositivity rate of small ruminant farms was 55.0% (11 positive out of 20 tested), with 9 out of 16 (56.3%) sheep flocks and 2 out of 4 (50.0%) goat herds showing seropositivity.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk behaviours of camel brucellosis transmission in the peri-urban dairy basin of Niamey, Niger

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
Harouna Mahamadou Tanimoun ◽  
Andrée Prisca Ndjoug Ndour ◽  
Haladou Gagara ◽  
Ayayi Justin Akakpo ◽  
Rianatou Bada-Alambedji
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Milk Samples

Considered as one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world and dangerous for human and animal health, brucellosis has been studied mainly in cattle and small ruminants but rarely in camels. The lack of data in Niger on this pathology in camels has aroused particular interest given the breeding method and the dietary habits of urban and peri-urban consumers. It is in this context that we conducted the first cross-sectional study on camel brucellosis in Niger, in the peri-urban dairy basin of Niamey. The general objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of camel brucellosis and the risk behaviours for its transmission at the animal-human interface. Thus, 275 serum samples and 75 camel milk samples were collected from 20 farms in 11 peri-urban localities of Niamey. The serum samples were analysed by 2 methods, namely the Rose Bengal test and indirect ELISA. The overall seroprevalence obtained with the serum samples was 4%. All 75 milk samples tested by indirect ELISA were negative. In addition, 30 camel farmers were surveyed to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding brucellosis. The survey revealed that 96.7% of the farmers were not aware of brucellosis, the species affected and the modes of transmission. Most of participants stated that camels were in frequent contact with sheep, goats, cattle, and other species. In case of abortion, the placenta and runt are handled with bare hands and sometimes buried or thrown away. All respondents consumed raw camel milk and stated that the milk sold is not pasteurised. These elements constitute risk behaviours for the transmission of this zoonosis and urgent measures should be taken. However, epidemiological investigations must be carried out continuously in order to monitor the evolution of this major zoonosis and to establish an adapted prophylaxis that takes into account this species, in order to protect the herd but also public health. Keywords: Camel brucellosis, seroprevalence, lacto-prevalence, KAP study, Niamey-Niger.

scholarly journals Q-Fever Antibodies in Romanian Small Ruminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Stelian BARAITAREANU ◽  
Marius DAN ◽  
Doina DANES
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Positive Results

Small ruminants serum samples from Romanian Counties were investigated by iELISA Q-fever Coxiella burnetii Antibody test kit (IDEXX Laboratories, Liebefeld-Bern, Switzerland), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In Giurgiu County 10/15 goats serum samples were positive and all sheep samples (6/6) were negative. In Sibiu County 5/75 sheep samples were positive. In Constanta County all goat samples (10/10) were negative. In Braila County all goat samples (95/95) were negative and 10/55 sheep samples were positive. Prevalence of sero-positive results and their distribution does not provide enough data to design a surveillance program, but support the hypothesis of the presence of the pathogen in Braila, Giurgiu and Sibiu Counties. Further studies must be carry on statistically relevant sampling system.

scholarly journals Zoonotic Agents in Small Ruminants Kept on City Farms in Southern Germany

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 3785-3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katarina Schilling ◽  
Helmut Hotzel ◽  
Ulrich Methner ◽  
Lisa D. Sprague ◽  
Gernot Schmoock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Close Contacts

ABSTRACTSheep and goats are popular examples of livestock kept on city farms. In these settings, close contacts between humans and animals frequently occur. Although it is widely accepted that small ruminants can carry numerous zoonotic agents, it is unknown which of these agents actually occur in sheep and goats on city farms in Germany. We sampled feces and nasal liquid of 48 animals (28 goats, 20 sheep) distributed in 7 city farms and on one activity playground in southern Germany. We found that 100% of the sampled sheep and 89.3% of the goats carried Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). The presence ofStaphylococcusspp. in 75% of both sheep and goats could be demonstrated.Campylobacterspp. were detected in 25% and 14.3% of the sheep and goats, respectively. NeitherSalmonellaspp. norCoxiella burnetiiwas found. On the basis of these data, we propose a reasonable hygiene scheme to prevent transmission of zoonotic agents during city farm visits.

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