scholarly journals The Six-Item Version of the Internet Addiction Test: Its Development, Psychometric Properties, and Measurement Invariance among Women with Eating Disorders and Healthy School and University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12341
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Amin Omar Hendawy ◽  
Abdulaziz Mofdy Almarwani ◽  
Naif Alzahrani ◽  
Nashwa Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
University Students ◽  
School Children ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Spanish Women

Internet addiction (IA) is widespread, comorbid with other conditions, and commonly undetected, which may impede recovery. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is widely used to evaluate IA among healthy respondents, with less agreement on its dimensional structure. This study investigated the factor structure, invariance, predictive validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the IAT among Spanish women with eating disorders (EDs, N = 123), Chinese school children (N = 1072), and Malay/Chinese university students (N = 1119). In school children, four factors with eigen values > 1 explained 50.2% of the variance, with several items cross-loading on more than two factors and three items failing to load on any factor. Among 19 tested models, CFA revealed excellent fit of a unidimensional six-item IAT among ED women and university students (χ2(7) = 8.695, 35.038; p = 0.275, 0.001; CFI = 0.998, 981; TLI = 0.996, 0.960; RMSEA = 0.045, 0.060; SRMR = 0.0096, 0.0241). It was perfectly invariant across genders, academic grades, majors, internet use activities, nationalities (Malay vs. Chinese), and Malay/Chinese female university students vs. Spanish women with anorexia nervosa, albeit it was variant at the scalar level in tests involving other EDs, signifying increased tendency for IA in pathological overeating. The six-item IAT correlated with the effects of internet use on academic performance at a greater level than the original IAT (r = −0.106, p < 0.01 vs. r = −0.78, p < 0.05), indicating superior criterion validity. The six-item IAT is a robust and brief measure of IA in healthy and diseased individuals from different cultures.

scholarly journals The Internet Addiction Test: Factor structure, measurement invariance, and psychometric properties of a six-item version among Spanish women with eating disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Amin Omar Hendawy ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Scalar Variance ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Eating disorders and internet addiction are widespread conditions that have considerably increased because of the current lockdown. Their comorbidity is frequently undiscovered, which may increase patients’ distress and hamper recovery. Identifying the constructs of internet addiction may facilitate its detection and management. The Internet Addiction Test is widely used to evaluate internet addiction among students and healthy adults, with less agreement on its dimensional structure.Objectives: To examine the structure of the Internet Addiction Test and its invariance among patients with eating disorders.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses evaluated the structure of the Internet Addiction Test among 123 women with eating disorders (59 women with anorexia nervosa (group 1) and 64 women with other eating disorders (group 2)) recruited from the General University Hospital of Ciudad Real between February and November 2018. Multigroup analysis examined invariance of the Internet Addiction Test across eating disorder groups, and correlation with the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale examined its criterion validity.Results: One factor explained 83.4%, 74.4%, and 87.4% of the variances in the whole sample, group 1, and group 2, with excellent reliability (coefficient alpha = 0.99, 0.98, and 0.99, respectively). In confirmatory factor analysis, two- and bifactor structures (a general factor with two specific factors: Emotional and cognitive preoccupation; Loss of control and interference with daily life) expressed some satisfactory fit in all groups, but they displayed metric and scalar variance—less tendency of women with anorexia nervosa to endorse items 14, 15, and 16. A 12-item version expressed a better fit. However, the six-item Internet Addiction Test expressed the best fit, along with configural and metric invariance across groups, and excellent reliability (coefficient alpha = 0.97, 0.95, and 0.98, respectively). The criterion validity of the Internet Addiction Test, the12-item version, and our six-item version was confirmed by strong positive correlations with the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (r = 0.906, 0.883, and 0.878, respectively).Conclusion: The Internet Addiction Test is a unidimensional or bidimensional measure. The six-item version expresses better fit, less variance, and comparable reliability and criterion validity to the Internet Addiction Test and the 12-item version. Its brevity allows test batteries to include several measures. Scalar variance implies that differences in the properties of the Internet Addiction Test across eating disorder groups may cause statistical differences in group means, which should be considered when conducting interventional studies. Further investigations are intensely needed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Occupational Balance and Its Relation to Problematic Internet Use in University Occupational Therapy Students

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Alejandro Romero-Tébar ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Antonio Segura-Fragoso ◽  
Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
University Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Average Score ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
The University

(1) Objective: to explore and describe the relationship between the occupational balance of university students taking a Degree in Occupational Therapy and the problematic use of the Internet and how these, in turn, favour or not the appearance of phubbing behaviour which involves “a behaviour that happens when an individual looks at his mobile phone during a conversation with other individuals, escaping from interpersonal communication”. (2) Methods: this is a quantitative descriptive study of an observational and cross-sectional nature, not experimental. The Spanish version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ-E), the Internet Addiction Test and the Phubbing Scale were used for data collection. 192 university students taking the Degree in Occupational Therapy of the University of Castilla–La Mancha participated (168 women and 24 men). (3) Results: the average score obtained in the OBQ-E was 38.7, indicating a moderate occupational balance; and (4) Conclusions: occupational therapy students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Castilla–La Mancha have a moderate occupational balance. Furthermore, this is negatively related to both problematic Internet use and phubbing, so a higher occupational balance indicates less Internet addiction and less phubbing.

scholarly journals PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE YOUNG SCALE OF INTERNET ADDICTION (IAT) ON A SAMPLE OF TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Dhiba GRIFA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Objective Tool ◽  
Total Test

The increase in the number of people who use the Internet has led to the emergence of the problem of addiction, which made it necessary to provide an objective tool to distinguish between normal use and excessive use. In this regard, the Internet Addiction Scale is one of the most important and well known of these tools. Although the validity and reliability of the scale has been evaluated in many cultures, the Libyan version of the IAT has never been examined for validity and reliability. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the translated Libyan version of the IAT. Participants of this study were 105 university students (78 males and 27 females). Correlation coefficients between the item scores and total test scores ranged from 0.741 to 0.416. All of these values were statistically significant. Exploratory Factor Analysis of the IAT extracted four factors: Time Management, Social Isolation, Passion, and Dependency. Cronbach α, internal consistency coefficient for the first factor was 0.891; second factor was 0.633; third factor was 0.761; fourth factor was 0.871; and for the whole scale was 0.881. Spearman Brown value for the scale was 0.818. Guttmann Split-Half value for the scale was 0.810. Based on these findings, the IAT is a proper instrument that can be used in further research on internet addiction for Libyan university students.

scholarly journals Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Internet Addiction Test in Peruvian University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5782
Author(s):  
Arnold Alejandro Tafur-Mendoza ◽  
Julio César Acosta-Prado ◽  
Rodrigo Arturo Zárate-Torres ◽  
Duván Emilio Ramírez-Ospina
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The use of the Internet has been gradually and unstoppably gaining ground in all areas of life, from recreational activities to how social relations are established. However, the existence of clinical cases indicates that the addictive use of the Internet is a problem that seriously affects some people. Among the instruments that measure this construct, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) stands out. However, instrumental studies of this test are scarce in Latin America. The present study sought to analyze the psychometric properties of the IAT in a sample of 227 Peruvian undergraduate university students. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to provide validity evidence based on the internal structure, and evidence based on the relationship with other variables was also provided. Reliability was estimated through the ordinal alpha coefficient. The results indicated that the IAT adequately fits a bifactor model (with two specific factors, time/control and stress/compensate), obtaining good levels of reliability. Additionally, the IAT scores correlate significantly with the average number of hours per day on the internet and social skills. The results lead to the conclusion that the scores in the IAT have evidence of validity and reliability for its use.

An Explanatory Model of Problematic Internet Use of Southern Spanish University Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932199865
Author(s):  
José-María Romero-Rodríguez ◽  
José-Antonio Marín-Marín ◽  
Francisco-Javier Hinojo-Lucena ◽  
Gerardo Gómez-García
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional

The problematic Internet use (PIU) has become a topic of special relevance since it is a problem that affects the whole world. It has been detected that the population at greatest risk is university students along with adolescents. At the same time, Spain is one of the countries with the highest PIU rate. The purposes of this article were to analyze the presence and degree of Internet addiction among university students and to check the sociodemographic factors that influence the PIU. To this end, 13 hypotheses were put forward and contrasted using a structural equation model. The study adopted a cross-sectional approach by applying the Internet addiction test to a sample of undergraduate students in southern Spain ( n = 1,013). The results indicated a prevalence of PIU among students of almost 12.5% and with a moderate degree of addiction. In turn, the following hypotheses that had a significant effect on the PIU were supported: gender; field of knowledge; living in the parents’ home; Internet daily use for leisure; Internet daily use for academic purposes; number of social networks; sexual orientation; marital status. Finally, the main findings of the study were reviewed, and the main recommendations and implications for mitigating the negative effects of technology and enhancing the positive ones were established.

Internet Addiction and the Pattern of Internet Use among Under Graduate Medical Students: A Cross- Sectional Study from North India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka . ◽  
R K Pal
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Introduction: Excessive use of the Internet affects the academic achievements of students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and the pattern of Internet use among undergraduate medical students. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 177 undergraduate medical students in batch 2016, 2017 and 2018, who were included in this study by convenience sampling method. The study tool was  Young’s Internet Addiction Test containing questions regarding the pattern of Internet use. Data entry and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 21. Qualitative data were described in terms of frequency and percentage while quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and multiple linear regression were used to find out the relationship between various factors and Internet Addiction (IA).  The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.3 years (± 1.19), and 62 % of the subjects were males. The prevalence rate of Internet Addiction (IA) was found to be 56.5% and 42.9% of them were in mild and 13.6% were in moderate addiction category. Being male (β= -0.143, p=0.038), staying at a hostel (β= 0.167, p=0.018), not having a time preference for using the Internet (β= -0.174, p=0.012), spending more time on the Internet everyday (β= 0.201, p=0.000), being always online (β= 0.276, p=0.000) and more years of using the Internet (β= 0.175, p=0.015) were significantly related with IA in students. Conclusion: A large proportion of medical students were found to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, this issue should be addressed immediately.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Nature of Internet Use among Adolescents in Vadodara (Gujarat)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janki Jhala ◽  
Renu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Test Results

Internet has been a very facilitating medium and making lives easier for many of us. Internet is increasingly becoming a channel through which people, and especially adolescents, socialize and be in constant contact with their family, relatives and friends. More than a medium of acquiring knowledge, for adolescents, it has become a medium of expression of their implicit feelings and to know what is happening in their peer group. The current research aims to study the prevalence and nature of Internet use among adolescents. Population for the research included adolescents of Vadodara District in Gujarat. A total of 1657 adolescents were taken as the sample for the study. A survey research was conducted on 1657 adolescents using a self developed questionnaire along with Young’s Internet Addiction test. Results indicate that 44.8% of the participants are Average Users of the Internet, while 14.6% of the participants belong to the category of above average users of the Internet. The present study also shows that participants use the Internet mainly for social communication and social networking sites are the most commonly used sites on the Internet.

scholarly journals Internet addiction among engineering students in Belagavi city: cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Ravikiran Kamate ◽  
Sulakshna Baliga ◽  
M. D. Mallapur
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Internet addiction is not clinical diagnosis, but a potentially pathological behavioral pattern with symptoms: a loss of control over the behavior, preoccupation with the Internet, using the Internet to modify mood, and withdrawal symptoms. Easy access and low cost of Internet packs- are main cause of development of increased internet use in India. Internet addiction – factors like gender, environmental factors, socioeconomic status, etc. have effect on internet use.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted during January 2016 to February 2016. Data was collected among 500 engineering students of four engineering colleges of Belagavi city using young's questionnaire. Analysis was performed using SPS 20. Chi-square applied as statistical test of significance for the association between age, sex, residence, SES and schooling. P<0.01 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The present study revealed that 16.2 and 6.2% of participants had moderate and severe form of internet addiction respectively. With increase in age prevalence of addiction increased. Internet addiction was more among Males when compared to females. Addiction was seen more in students whose both parents were working.Conclusions: Internet addiction is an emerging form of addiction among students with males more than females mostly among engineering students who are dependent on internet for their work, carrier and completion of course Hence it's time to develop comprehensive intervention approach to promote healthy and safe internet use from family, college and peers.

scholarly journals Internet Usage and Its Addiction Level among Students in a Selected College in Ras Al Khaimah Emirate: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Rabab Gad Abd El-Kader ◽  
Victoria Funmilayo Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Education Performance

Background and aim: The internet is a worldwide area network that connects computer system throughout the world providing a variety of information and communication. Internet addiction is defined as any online-related, compulsive behavior which interferes with normal living and causes severe stress on family, friends, loved ones, and one's work environment. Aim: This study assessed the internet usage and its addiction level among university students in a selected university in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirate. University students are highly predisposed to internet addiction which can affect their personal, family, educational, interactive and societal life. Study design: A cross-sectional design .The sample of the study consisted of 110 nursing students who were selected using convenient sample. Internet addiction test, internet usage questionnaire and student attitude scale were used as data collection instruments.Results: The findings showed that more than half (50.9%) of students were aged 21-<25 years, with more than two- fifth (45.5% of them being average online internet user. Less than two-third (62.7%) of students had favorable attitude towards internet usage. There is a positive correlation between internet addiction score and age of the study group with no statistically significant differenceConclusions: the study concluded that nursing students are average internet users, they have favorable attitude to internet use, with positive correlation between internet addiction score and age, though experiencing occasional problems. The use of social networking sites, especially by the young people, should be done sparingly so as not to provoke extreme behaviors and negative impact to their education performance and social life that can lead to destruction of the life of youths globally as revealed in this study Internet addiction is a serious problem among university students generally which indicates the need for more public attention and resources to develop effective prevention/intervention strategies.

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