scholarly journals Bioavailability, Accumulation and Distribution of Toxic Metals (As, Cd, Ni and Pb) and Their Impact on Sinapis alba Plant Nutrient Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12947
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Geanina Vasile ◽  
Anda-Gabriela Tenea ◽  
Cristina Dinu ◽  
Ana Maria Mihaela Iordache ◽  
Stefania Gheorghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Impact

This study presents the behavior of white mustard seedlings Sinapis alba grown for three months in laboratory polluted soil containing As, Cd, Ni and Pb. Four different experiments were performed in which As was combined with the other three toxic metals in different combinations (As, AsCd, AsCdNi, AsCdNiPb), keeping the same concentrations of As and Cd in all tests and following the national soil quality regulations. The effects of these metals were monitored by the analytical control of metal concentrations in soil and plants, bioavailability tests of mobile metal fractions using three different extracting solutions (DTPA + TEA + CaCl2-DTPA, DTPA + CaCl2-CAT, and CH3COONH4 + EDTA-EDTA) and calculation of bioaccumulation and translocation factors. Additionally, micro, and macro-nutrients both in soil and plant (root, stem, leaves, flowers and seeds) were analyzed in order to evaluate the impact of toxic metals on plant nutrient metabolism. Metals were significantly and differently accumulated in the plant tissues, especially under AsCdNi and AsCdNiPb treatments. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the concentration of both As and Cd were highlighted. Translocation could be influenced by the presence of other toxic metals, such as Cd, but also of essential metals, through the competition and antagonism processes existing in plant tissues. Significantly, more Cd and Ni levels were detected in leaves and flowers. Cd was also detected in seeds above the WHO limit, but the results are not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The extraction of metallic nutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Mg, K, Fe, Ca, Cr) in the plant was not influenced by the presence of toxic metal combinations, on the contrary, their translocation was more efficient in the aerial parts of the plants. No phytotoxic effects were recorded during the exposure period. The most efficient methods of metal extraction from soil were for As-CAT; Cd-all methods; Pb and Ni-DTPA. The Pearson correlations (r) between applied extraction methods and metal detection in plants showed positive correlations for all toxic metals as follows: As-CAT > DTPA > EDTA, Cd-DTPA > CAT > EDTA, Ni-EDTA = DTPA > CAT, Pb-EDTA = DTPA = CAT). The results revealed that Sinapis alba has a good ability to accumulate the most bioavailable metals Cd and Ni, to stabilize As at the root level and to block Pb in soil.

Diversification of Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes, 1844) and their growth conditions by the impact of toxic metals in the river Tamiraparani

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaridasan Arumugam ◽  
Mohamed Shahila Abul Asan Sathali ◽  
Soranam Ramaiah ◽  
Gandhimaniyan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Circadian clock control of eIF2α phosphorylation is necessary for rhythmic translation initiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (20) ◽  
pp. 10935-10945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Karki ◽  
Kathrina Castillo ◽  
Zhaolan Ding ◽  
Olivia Kerr ◽  
Teresa M. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Eif2α Phosphorylation ◽  
Eif2α Kinase ◽  
The Impact

The circadian clock in eukaryotes controls transcriptional and posttranscriptional events, including regulation of the levels and phosphorylation state of translation factors. However, the mechanisms underlying clock control of translation initiation, and the impact of this potential regulation on rhythmic protein synthesis, were not known. We show that inhibitory phosphorylation of eIF2α (P-eIF2α), a conserved translation initiation factor, is clock controlled in Neurospora crassa, peaking during the subjective day. Cycling P-eIF2α levels required rhythmic activation of the eIF2α kinase CPC-3 (the homolog of yeast and mammalian GCN2), and rhythmic activation of CPC-3 was abolished under conditions in which the levels of charged tRNAs were altered. Clock-controlled accumulation of P-eIF2α led to reduced translation during the day in vitro and was necessary for the rhythmic synthesis of select proteins in vivo. Finally, loss of rhythmic P-eIF2α levels led to reduced linear growth rates, supporting the idea that partitioning translation to specific times of day provides a growth advantage to the organism. Together, these results reveal a fundamental mechanism by which the clock regulates rhythmic protein production, and provide key insights into how rhythmic translation, cellular energy, stress, and nutrient metabolism are linked through the levels of charged versus uncharged tRNAs.

scholarly journals Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ajab ◽  
Asim Yaqub ◽  
Salman Akbar Malik ◽  
Muhammad Junaid ◽  
Sadia Yasmeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Cigarette Ash ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Condensate ◽  
Significant Concentration

In this study, concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr were determined in tobacco, tobacco smoke-condensate, and cigarette ash for selected brands used in Pakistan. Smoking apparatus was designed for metal extraction from cigarette smoke. Samples were digested through microwave digester and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). Higher concentration of Ni was detected in imported brands than the counterparts in the local brands. Pb levels were however higher in local brands while significant concentration of Cd was observed in both brands. For Cr, the level in tobacco of local brands was higher than their emitted smoke, whereas imported brands showed higher level in smoke than in tobacco. The cigarette ash retained 65 to 75% of the metal and about 25 to 30% went into the body. While this study revealed the serious requirement to standardize the manufacturing of tobacco products, more importantly is the urgent need for stronger enforcements to put in place to alert the general population about the hazardous effects of cigarettes and the health risks associated with these toxic metals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiple Impacts of Furfural Acetone on Nematodes In Vitro and Control Efficiency against Root-Knot Nematodes in Pots and Fields

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Wanli Cheng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Dian Huang ◽  
Minmin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) seriously endanger agricultural development and cause great economic losses worldwide. Natural product furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising nematicide with strong attractant and nematicidal activities, but baseline information about the impact of FAc on the reproduction, egg hatching, feeding, and growth of nematodes and its pest control efficiency in field are lacking. Here, the inhibition effects of FAc on nematodes in vitro and its RKN control efficiency in pot and field were investigated. FAc inhibited the egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita by 91.7% at 200 mg/L after 2 days and suppressed the reproduction, feeding, and growth of Caenorhabditis elegans in vitro. In pot experiments, FAc in various dosages reduced the disease index of plant root significantly. In field experiments, FAc exhibited control effect on RKNs equivalent to commercial nematicides avermectin and metam sodium, with a reduction in disease index by 36.9% at a dose of 50 mg/plant. FAc also reduced the population density of RKNs in soil, with a reduction rate of 75.3% at the dose of 750 mg/m2. No adverse effect was detected on plant growth after FAc application. These results provide compelling evidence for development of FAc as an appropriate alternative for current nematicides.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Single Antibiotics and Antibiotics in Combination on Germination and Growth of Sinapis alba L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Timmerer ◽  
Lennart Lehmann ◽  
Ewald Schnug ◽  
Elke Bloem
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
Pot Trial ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotics enter agro-ecosystems via the application of farmyard manure, sewage sludge, animal by-products, or digestates. There are many open questions regarding the behavior of such compounds in the soil like their adsorption, degradation, half-life, and their effects on soil organisms and plants. The impact of antibiotics on the development of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment is regarded as the most important effect that endangers the environment as well as human health. Nevertheless, direct plant toxicity, especially of different antibiotics and heavy metals at the same time, can be of importance as well. In the current study, commercially available phytotoxkits were tested with regard to the toxicity of single antibiotics and antibiotics in combination with the root growth of Sinapis alba L. Additionally, a pot trial was conducted to study the transfer of the observed phytotoxkits results in more complex systems. The phytotoxkits revealed direct toxicity of antibiotics on root development only at high concentrations. The highest toxicity was determined for sulfadiazine, followed by tetracycline and enrofloxacin, showing the least toxicity. When two antibiotics were tested at the same time in the phytotoxkit, synergistic effects were detected. The pot trial indicated lower effect concentrations for enrofloxacin than determined in the phytotoxkit and, therefore, to higher toxicity on plant growth.

scholarly journals An Update on Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Mailloux
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact

Mitochondria are quantifiably the most important sources of superoxide (O2●−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in mammalian cells. The overproduction of these molecules has been studied mostly in the contexts of the pathogenesis of human diseases and aging. However, controlled bursts in mitochondrial ROS production, most notably H2O2, also plays a vital role in the transmission of cellular information. Striking a balance between utilizing H2O2 in second messaging whilst avoiding its deleterious effects requires the use of sophisticated feedback control and H2O2 degrading mechanisms. Mitochondria are enriched with H2O2 degrading enzymes to desensitize redox signals. These organelles also use a series of negative feedback loops, such as proton leaks or protein S-glutathionylation, to inhibit H2O2 production. Understanding how mitochondria produce ROS is also important for comprehending how these organelles use H2O2 in eustress signaling. Indeed, twelve different enzymes associated with nutrient metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can serve as important ROS sources. This includes several flavoproteins and respiratory complexes I-III. Progress in understanding how mitochondria generate H2O2 for signaling must also account for critical physiological factors that strongly influence ROS production, such as sex differences and genetic variances in genes encoding antioxidants and proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics. In the present review, I provide an updated view on how mitochondria budget cellular H2O2 production. These discussions will focus on the potential addition of two acyl-CoA dehydrogenases to the list of ROS generators and the impact of important phenotypic and physiological factors such as tissue type, mouse strain, and sex on production by these individual sites.

scholarly journals 100 Sequential feeding with diets that differ in amino acid content can significantly increase performance of growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Alini Veira ◽  
Luan S Santos ◽  
Alicia Fraga ◽  
Paulo Campos ◽  
Raphael Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent studies have shown that feed intake, nutrient metabolism and utilization may vary during the 24-h circadian period. In this regard, this study aimed at evaluating the impact on performance from the switching of conventional to sequential feeding programs with diets that differ in amino acid content over the day for growing–finishing pigs. Sixty-eight 25-kg (±2.04) BW barrows were assigned to 4 feeding programs (17 animals per treatment): 1) conventional feeding (CONV), in which pigs received 100% of standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA recommendations for the entire day; 2) sequential feeding (SEQ80-120), providing 80% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 120% from 1200 to 2359 h; 3) sequential feeding (SEQ70-130) providing 70% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 130% from 1200 to 2359 h; and 4) sequential feeding (SEQ60-140) providing 60% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 140% from 1200 to 2359 h. The experimental period lasted 82 d and was subdivided in 3 phases: phase 1 (0 to 28 d), phase 2 (29 to 54 d) and phase 3 (55 to 82 d). The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). SEQ80-120 and SEQ60-140 did not improve performance compared to CONV (P &gt; 0.05). However, ADFI, ADG and BW was higher for SEQ70-130 than CONV during phase 1 (1.49 vs 1.3 kg/d; 0.74 vs 0.65 kg/d; 46.55 vs 43.40 kg, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). During phase 2, BW tended to be higher for SEQ70-130 than CONV (69.20 vs 63.60 kg; P = 0.08). In the entire experimental period, ADFI tended to be higher for SEQ70-130 than CONV (2.08 vs 1.89 kg/d; P = 0.10). According to our results, sequential feeding program improves performance of growing–finishing at the beginning of the period.

scholarly journals Effect of biochar application on the content of nutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P) and amino acids in subsequently growing spinach and mustard

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemanová Veronika ◽  
Břendová Kateřina ◽  
Pavlíková Daniela ◽  
Kubátová Pavla ◽  
Tlustoš Pavel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
P Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar on growth and metabolism of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) planted in crop rotation: spinach (spring)-mustard-spinach (autumn). The impact of biochar soil application (5% per mass of soil) on the availability of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P to plants as well as the content of free proline and total amino acids contents were evaluated at degraded Chernozem soil. The results showed that biochar soil addition significantly increased spinach growth by 102% and 353% in spring and autumn, respectively. Biochar limited plant content of Ca, Mg and Na, however K content increased in all plants. Inconsistent effect was determined for Fe and P content in plants biomass. Total content of free amino acids was higher in plants harvested at amended treatments, except autumn spinach. Biochar increased proline content in all plants in comparison to control. The highest increase was obtained in mustard – by 186%. The results showed a more sensitive reaction of mustard to biochar application than spinach.

scholarly journals Primary data on the impact from trap magmatism on the hydrogeochemistry of brines in the southwestern part of the Kureyka syncline (Siberian Platform)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 08017
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Novikov ◽  
Lyudmila M. Zhitova ◽  
Fedor F. Dultsev ◽  
Anatoliy V. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Platform ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Types ◽  
Dissolved Form

The new data on the trap magmatism affecting the hydrogeochemistry of brines in southwestern Kureyka syncline in the west of the ancient Siberian platform are presented. The brines occurring in Paleozoic and Proterozoic deposits have salinity (total dissolved solids) varying broadly: from 30.2 to 469.6 g/dm3 for Na Cl, Na-Ca Cl, Ca-Na Cl, Ca-Mg Cl and Ca Cl types, among which the mixed types (Ca-Na Cl and Na-Ca Cl) are found prevailing. The activity of intrusive trap magmatism in the contact zone (with a strike length of up to 400 m) facilitated the disintegration of organic compounds in the free and water-dissolved form (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, iC4H10, nC4H10, iC5H12, nC5H12, C6H14, I, B, NH4). The reaction of the intruding traps brines interaction significantly affected the initial composition of brines, showing a shift towards their saturation with iron, aluminum, silica and other components and thus bearing the evidence of possible salt-induced metal extraction from magmatic melts into an ore-bearing fluid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document