scholarly journals A Review of Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhd Tomeh ◽  
Roja Hadianamrei ◽  
Xiubo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and one of the major public health problems. Despite the great advances in cancer therapy, the incidence and mortality rates of cancer remain high. Therefore, the quest for more efficient and less toxic cancer treatment strategies is still at the forefront of current research. Curcumin, the active ingredient of the Curcuma longa plant, has received great attention over the past two decades as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent. In this review, a summary of the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of curcumin and its derivatives in regard to anticancer activity, their main mechanisms of action, and cellular targets has been provided based on the literature data from the experimental and clinical evaluation of curcumin in cancer cell lines, animal models, and human subjects. In addition, the recent advances in the drug delivery systems for curcumin delivery to cancer cells have been highlighted.

Current Studies of Aspirin as an Anticancer Agent and Strategies to Strengthen its Therapeutic Application in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong H.L. Tran ◽  
Beom-Jin Lee ◽  
Thao T.D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

: Aspirin has emerged as a promising intervention in cancer in the past decade. However, there are existing controversies regarding the anticancer properties of aspirin as its mechanism of action has not been clearly defined. In addition, the risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract from aspirin is another consideration that requires medical and pharmaceutical scientists to work together to develop more potent and safe aspirin therapy in cancer. This review presents the most recent studies of aspirin with regard to its role in cancer prevention and treatment demonstrated by highlighted clinical trials, mechanisms of action as well as approaches to develop aspirin therapy best beneficial to cancer patients. Hence, this review provides readers with an overview of aspirin research in cancer that covers not only the unique features of aspirin, which differentiates aspirin from other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but also strategies that can be used in the development of drug delivery systems carrying aspirin for cancer management. These studies convey optimistic messages on continuing efforts of scientist on the way of developing an effective therapy for even patients with a low response to current cancer treatments.

scholarly journals Diarylureas as Antitumor Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Alessia Catalano ◽  
Domenico Iacopetta ◽  
Maria Stefania Sinicropi ◽  
Carlo Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Come Into The Market

The diarylurea is a scaffold of great importance in medicinal chemistry as it is present in numerous heterocyclic compounds with antithrombotic, antimalarial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Some diarylureas, serine-threonine kinase or tyrosine kinase inhibitors, were recently reported in literature. The first to come into the market as an anticancer agent was sorafenib, followed by some others. In this review, we survey progress over the past 10 years in the development of new diarylureas as anticancer agents.

scholarly journals An expanding HIV epidemic among older adults in Ukraine: Implications for patient-centered care

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256627
Author(s):  
Julia Rozanova ◽  
Oleksandr Zeziulin ◽  
Katherine M. Rich ◽  
Frederick L. Altice ◽  
Tetiana Kiriazova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Introduction The Eastern Europe and Central Asian (EECA) region has the highest increase in HIV incidence and mortality globally, with suboptimal HIV treatment and prevention. All EECA countries (except Russia) are low and middle-income (LMIC). While LMIC are home to 80% of all older people living with HIV (OPWH), defined as ≥50 years, extant literature observed that newly diagnosed OPWH represent the lowest proportion in EECA relative to all other global regions. We examined HIV diagnoses in OPWH in Ukraine, a country emblematic of the EECA region. Methods We analysed incident HIV diagnoses from 2015–2018 and mortality trends from 2016–2018 for three age groups: 1) 15–24 years; 2) 25–49 years; and 3) ≥50 years. AIDS was defined as CD4<200cells/mL. Mortality was defined as deaths per 1000 patients newly diagnosed with HIV within the same calendar year. Mortality rates were calculated for 2016, 2017, and 2018, compared to age-matched general population rates, and all-cause standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Results From 2015–2018, the proportion of OPWH annually diagnosed with HIV increased from 11.2% to 14.9% (p<0.01). At the time of diagnosis, OPWH were also significantly (p<0.01) more likely to have AIDS (43.8%) than those aged 25–49 years (29.5%) and 15–24 years (13.3%). Newly diagnosed OPWH had the same-year mortality ranging from 3 to 8 times higher than age-matched groups in the Ukrainian general population. Conclusions These findings suggest a reassessment of HIV testing, prevention and treatment strategies in Ukraine is needed to bring OPWH into focus. OPWH are more likely to present with late-stage HIV and have higher mortality rates. Re-designing testing practices is especially crucial since OPWH are absent from targeted testing programs and are increasingly diagnosed as they present with AIDS-defining symptoms. New strategies for linkage and treatment programs should reflect the distinct needs of this target population.

scholarly journals Novel Inhibitor-Based Therapies for Thyroid Cancer—An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11829
Author(s):  
Maciej Ratajczak ◽  
Damian Gaweł ◽  
Marlena Godlewska
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Fine Needle Biopsy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Past ◽  
Generation Line

Thyroid cancers (TCs) are the most common tumors of the endocrine system and a constant rise in the number of TC cases has been observed for the past few decades. TCs are one of the most frequent tumors in younger adults, especially in women, therefore early diagnosis and effective therapy are especially important. Ultrasonography examination followed by fine needle biopsy have become the gold standard for diagnosis of TCs, as these strategies allow for early-stage detection and aid accurate qualification for further procedures, including surgical treatment. Despite all the advancements in detection and treatment of TCs, constant mortality levels are still observed. Therefore, a novel generation line of targeted treatment strategies is being developed, including personalized therapies with kinase inhibitors. Recent molecular studies on TCs demonstrate that kinase inhibitor-based therapies might be considered as the most promising. In the past decade, new kinase inhibitors with different mechanisms of action have been reported and approved for clinical trials. This review presents an up-to-date picture of new approaches and challenges of inhibitor-based therapies in treatment of TCs, focusing on the latest findings reported over the past two years.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Zappavigna ◽  
Alessia Maria Cossu ◽  
Anna Grimaldi ◽  
Marco Bocchetti ◽  
Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Inflammation is strictly associated with cancer and plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that inflammation can predispose to tumors, therefore targeting inflammation and the molecules involved in the inflammatory process could represent a good strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. In the past, several clinical studies have demonstrated that many anti-inflammatory agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are able to interfere with the tumor microenvironment by reducing cell migration and increasing apoptosis and chemo-sensitivity. This review focuses on the link between inflammation and cancer by describing the anti-inflammatory agents used in cancer therapy, and their mechanisms of action, emphasizing the use of novel anti-inflammatory agents with significant anticancer activity.

Quercetin, a natural dietary flavonoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer in an in vivo model by inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2632-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Firdous ◽  
G. Sharmila ◽  
S. Balakrishnan ◽  
P. RajaSingh ◽  
S. Suganya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Egfr Signaling ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Egfr Signaling Pathway ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Dietary Flavonoid

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased over the past years.

scholarly journals 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Compounds as Anti–Lung Cancer Agents: Current Developments, Mechanisms of Action, and Structure–Activity Relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liang ◽  
Xiangyang Sun ◽  
Wenhong Li ◽  
Guihua Hou ◽  
Feng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Improved Technology ◽  
Common Malignancy

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and leads to around one-quarter of all cancer deaths. Great advances have been achieved in the treatment of lung cancer with novel anticancer agents and improved technology. However, morbidity and mortality rates remain extremely high, calling for an urgent need to develop novel anti–lung cancer agents. 1,2,3-Triazole could be readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in organisms through weak interaction. 1,2,3-Triazole can not only be acted as a linker to tether different pharmacophores but also serve as a pharmacophore. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in 1,2,3-triazole–containing compounds with anti–lung cancer potential, and their structure–activity relationship (SAR) together with mechanisms of action is also discussed to pave the way for the further rational development of novel anti–lung cancer candidates.

scholarly journals Exercising caution in correlating COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates with BCG vaccination policies due to variable rates of SARS CoV-2 testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Hensel ◽  
Kathleen M. McAndrews ◽  
Daniel J. McGrail ◽  
Dara P. Dowlatshahi ◽  
Valerie S. LeBleu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACTThe Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine provides protection against tuberculosis (TB), and is proposed to provide protection to non-TB infectious diseases. The COVID-19 outbreak results from infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) and was declared a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. We queried whether the BCG vaccine offers protection against CoV-2 infection. We observed that countries with a current universal BCG vaccination policy have a significantly lower COVID-19 incidence than countries which never had a universal BCG policy or had one in the past. However, population density, median age, TB incidence, urban population, and, most significantly, CoV-2 testing rate, were also connected with BCG policy and could potentially confound the analysis. By limiting the analysis to countries with high CoV-2 testing rates, defined as greater than 2,500 tests per million inhabitants, these parameters were no longer statistically associated with BCG policy. When analyzing only countries with high testing rates, there was no longer a significant association between the number of COVID-19 cases per million inhabitants and the BCG vaccination policy. Although preliminary, our analyses indicate that the BCG vaccination may not offer protection against CoV-2 infection. While reporting biases may confound our observations, our findings support exercising caution in determining potential correlation between BCG vaccination and COVID-19 incidence, in part due significantly lower rates of CoV-2 testing per million inhabitants in countries with current universal BCG vaccination policy.

Quinoline-based compounds with potential activity against drug-resistant cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Ting Li ◽  
Xiaoyong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Potential Activity

: Drug resistance is the major cause of the failure of cancer chemotherapy, so one of the most important features in developing effective cancer therapeutic strategies is to overcome drug resistance. Quinoline moiety has become one of the most privileged structural motifs in anticancer agent discovery since its derivatives possess potential activity against various cancers including drug-resistant cancers. Several quinoline-based compounds which are represented by Anlotinib, Bosutinib, Lenvatinib, and Neratinib have already been applied in clinical practice to fight against cancers, so quinoline-based compounds are potential anticancer agents. The present short review article provides an overview about the recent advances of quinoline-based compounds with potential activity against drug-resistant cancers. The structure-activity relationship and mechanisms of action are also discussed.

HPV-associated cervical diseases: screening, methods of examination, principles of treatment

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Vera N Prilepskaya
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Cervical Diseases

This article presents information about modern principles of diagnosis and treatment of HPV-associated diseases. Behind cervical cancer morbidity and mortality rates over the past 10 years increase significantly. Examination and observation of patients with human papillomavirus persistence of highly oncogenic types is important a link in cancer prevention. The article presents diagnostic methods, treatment of cervical diseases, as well as the possibility of pharmacotherapy in HPV-associated diseases.

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