scholarly journals Role of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Genes in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Kumar ◽  
Dung Thi Le ◽  
Seongbin Hwang ◽  
Pil Joon Seo ◽  
Hyun Uk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ammonium Metabolism

The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) genes comprise a conserved transcription factor family that regulates a variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Many recent studies have focused on the genetic characterization of IDD family members and revealed various biological functions, including modulation of sugar metabolism and floral transition, cold stress response, seed development, plant architecture, regulation of hormone signaling, and ammonium metabolism. In this review, we summarize the functions and working mechanisms of the IDD gene family in the regulatory network of metabolism and developmental processes.

Neurotensin Enhances Locomotor Activity and Arousal and Inhibits Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Levitas-Djerbi ◽  
Dana Sagi ◽  
Ilana Lebenthal-Loinger ◽  
Tali Lerer-Goldshtein ◽  
Lior Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone ◽  
Behavioral Assays

Background: Hypothalamic neurotensin (Nts)-secreting neurons regulate fundamental physiological processes including metabolism and feeding. However, the role of Nts in modulation of locomotor activity, sleep, and arousal is unclear. We previously identified and characterized Nts neurons in the zebrafish hypothalamus. Materials and Methods: In order to study the role of Nts, nts mutant (nts–/–), and overexpressing zebrafish were generated. Results: The expression of both nts mRNA and Nts protein was reduced during the night in wild-type zebrafish. Behavioral assays revealed that locomotor activity was decreased during both day and night, while sleep was increased exclusively during the nighttime in nts–/– larvae. Likewise, inducible overexpression of Nts increased arousal in hsp70:Gal4/uas:Nts larvae. Furthermore, the behavioral response to light-to-dark transitions was reduced in nts–/– larvae. In order to elucidate potential contenders that may mediate Nts action on these behaviors, we profiled the transcriptome of 6 dpf nts–/– larvae. Among other genes, the expression levels of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1b were increased in nts–/– larvae. Furthermore, a portion of promelanin-concentrating hormone 1 (pmch1) and pmch2 neurons expressed the nts receptor. In addition, expression of the the two zebrafish melanin-concentrating hormone (Mch) orthologs, Mch1 and Mch2, was increased in nts–/– larvae. Conclusion: These results show that the Nts and Mch systems interact and modulate locomotor activity and arousal.

Biological and genetic characterization of the role of SRSF2 mutations in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. S73
Author(s):  
Ayana Kon ◽  
Satoshi Yamazaki ◽  
Keisuke Kataoka ◽  
Tetsuichi Yoshizato ◽  
Yusuke Shiozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Genetic Characterization

Characterization of proteins with Siaα2-3/6Gal-linked glycans from bovine milk and role of their glycans against influenza A virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5198-5208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjie Yu ◽  
Yaogang Zhong ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Bovine Milk Proteins

The bovine milk proteins have a wide range of functions, but the role of the attached glycans in their biological functions has not been fully understood yet.

scholarly journals Structural and Genetic Characterization of Glycosylation of Type a Flagellin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (9) ◽  
pp. 2523-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schirm ◽  
S. K. Arora ◽  
A. Verma ◽  
E. Vinogradov ◽  
P. Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Type A ◽  
Protein Backbone ◽  
Central Surface

ABSTRACT Type a flagellins from two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strains PAK and JJ692, were found to be glycosylated with unique glycan structures. In both cases, two sites of O-linked glycosylation were identified on each monomer, and these sites were localized to the central, surface-exposed domain of the monomer in the assembled filament. The PAK flagellin was modified with a heterogeneous glycan comprising up to 11 monosaccharide units that were O linked through a rhamnose residue to the protein backbone. The flagellin of JJ692 was less complex and had a single rhamnose substitution at each site. The role of the glycosylation island gene cluster in the production of each of these glycosyl moieties was investigated. These studies revealed that the orfA and orfN genes were required for attachment of the heterologous glycan and the proximal rhamnose residue, respectively.

scholarly journals Antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies viruses isolated from domestic and wild animals of Brazil identifies the hoary fox as a rabies reservoir

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 3153-3162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bernardi ◽  
S. A. Nadin-Davis ◽  
A. I. Wandeler ◽  
J. Armstrong ◽  
A. A. B. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Central Variable Region ◽  
Vampire Bats

Fifty Brazilian rabies viruses, collected from many different animal species and several regions of the country, were characterized by partial sequencing of the central, variable region of the P gene, a locus useful for sensitive molecular epidemiological studies. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences, which included comparison with other rabies strains recovered from throughout the Americas, identified three main groups of Brazilian viruses, arbitrarily designated BRL-1 to BRL-3. BRL-1 was found in terrestrial carnivores and clusters with other American strains of the cosmopolitan lineage. BRL-2 comprised two distinct isolates, recovered from two species of non-haematophagous bats, that had evolutionary links to insectivorous-bat-derived strains of North America. BRL-3 consisted of isolates from vampire bats and from livestock species probably infected via contact with vampire bats. The terrestrial group was further subdivided into three subtypes: BRL-1a was associated exclusively with dogs and cats, while BRL-1b and BRL-1c were found exclusively in hoary foxes. These observations strongly support the role of the Brazilian hoary fox as a rabies reservoir. Screening of representative Brazilian rabies viruses against a collection of anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identified a small panel of mAbs that could be used to discriminate between all Brazilian subgroups as defined by genetic classification in this study.

scholarly journals Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Diabetic-Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6715
Author(s):  
Shuangyu Lv ◽  
Huiyang Liu ◽  
Honggang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Vital Cell ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
Growth And Aging

Autophagy is a vital cell mechanism which plays an important role in many physiological processes including clearing long-lived, accumulated and misfolded proteins, removing damaged organelles and regulating growth and aging. Autophagy also participates in a variety of biological functions, such as development, cell differentiation, resistance to pathogens and nutritional hunger. Recently, autophagy has been reported to be involved in diabetes, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, water-soluble, flammable gas with the typical odor of rotten eggs, which has been known as a highly toxic gas for many years. However, it has been reported recently that H2S, together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, is an important gas signal transduction molecule. H2S has been reported to play a protective role in many diabetes-related diseases, but the mechanism is not fully clear. Recent studies indicate that H2S plays an important role by regulating autophagy in many diseases including cancer, tissue fibrosis diseases and glycometabolic diseases; however, the related mechanism has not been fully studied. In this review, we summarize recent research on the role of H2S in regulating autophagy in diabetic-related diseases to provide references for future related research.

scholarly journals Plasmodium matutinum Causing Avian Malaria in Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) Hosted in an Italian Zoo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Cristiano Cocumelli ◽  
Manuela Iurescia ◽  
Elena Lavinia Diaconu ◽  
Valentina Galietta ◽  
Caterina Raso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Possible Cause

Avian malaria is a worldwide distributed, vector-born disease of birds caused by parasites of the order Haemosporida. There is a lack of knowledge about the presence and pathogenetic role of Haemosporida in Psittacidae. Here we report a case of avian malaria infection in lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), with the genetic characterization of the Plasmodium species involved. The birds were hosted in a zoo located in Italy, where avian malaria cases in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) were already reported. Animals (n = 11) were submitted for necropsy after sudden death and were subjected to further analyses including histopathology, bacteriology, and PCR for the research of haemosporidians. Clinical history, gross lesions and histopathological observation of schizonts, together with positive PCR results for Plasmodium spp., demonstrated that avian malaria was the cause of death for one animal and the possible cause of death for the other nine. The sequences obtained were compared using BLAST and analyzed for similarity to sequences available at the MalAvi database. Genetic analyses demonstrated a 100% nucleotide identity to Plasmodium matutinum LINN1 for all the obtained sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing avian malaria in lovebirds.

scholarly journals A simple method for calculation of basic molecular properties of nutrients and their use as a criterion for a healthy diet

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Veljkovic ◽  
Vladimir Perovic ◽  
Marko Anderluh ◽  
Slobodan Paessler ◽  
Milena Veljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Healthy Nutrition

Background: Healthy nutrition is vital for good health and well-being. Despite the important role of a healthy nutritional diet, recommendations for healthy eating remain elusive and are mainly based on general properties of nutrients. The present study proposes an improved characterization of the molecular characteristics of nutrients, which are important for biological functions and can be useful in describing a healthy diet. Methods: We investigated the electronic properties of some known nutrient ingredients. In this analysis, we used the average quasi valence number (AQVN) and the electron-ion interaction potential (EIIP), which are molecular descriptors that represent the basic electronic properties of organic molecules.  Results: Our results show that most nutrients can be represented by specific groups of organic compounds according to their basic electronic properties, and these differ from the vast majority of known chemicals. Based on this finding, we have proposed a simple criterion for the selection of food components for healthy nutrition. Discussion: Further studies on the electronic properties of nutrients could serve as a basis for better understanding of their biological functions.

scholarly journals NMR Characterization of the Interactions Between Glycosaminoglycans and Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changkai Bu ◽  
Lan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gag Protein ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Nmr Characterization ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) constitute a considerable fraction of the glycoconjugates found on cellular membranes and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all mammalian tissues. The essential role of GAG-protein interactions in the regulation of physiological processes has been recognized for decades. However, the underlying molecular basis of these interactions has only emerged since 1990s. The binding specificity of GAGs is encoded in their primary structures, but ultimately depends on how their functional groups are presented to a protein in the three-dimensional space. This review focuses on the application of NMR spectroscopy on the characterization of the GAG-protein interactions. Examples of interpretation of the complex mechanism and characterization of structural motifs involved in the GAG-protein interactions are given. Selected families of GAG-binding proteins investigated using NMR are also described.

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