scholarly journals Natural Compounds for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Andrade ◽  
Maria João Ramalho ◽  
Joana Angélica Loureiro ◽  
Maria do Carmo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder related with the increase of age and it is the main cause of dementia in the world. AD affects cognitive functions, such as memory, with an intensity that leads to several functional losses. The continuous increase of AD incidence demands for an urgent development of effective therapeutic strategies. Despite the extensive research on this disease, only a few drugs able to delay the progression of the disease are currently available. In the last years, several compounds with pharmacological activities isolated from plants, animals and microorganisms, revealed to have beneficial effects for the treatment of AD, targeting different pathological mechanisms. Thus, a wide range of natural compounds may play a relevant role in the prevention of AD and have proven to be efficient in different preclinical and clinical studies. This work aims to review the natural compounds that until this date were described as having significant benefits for this neurological disease, focusing on studies that present clinical trials.

Therapeutic Properties of Several Chemical Compounds from Salvia officinalis L. in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Uță ◽  
Denisa Ștefania Manolescu ◽  
Speranța Avram
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L

Background.: Currently, the pharmacological management in Alzheimer's disease is based on several chemical structures, represented by acetylcholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ligands, with still unclear molecular mechanisms, but severe side effects. For this reason, a challenge for Alzheimer's disease treatment remains to identify new drugs with reduced side effects. Recently, the natural compounds, in particular certain chemical compounds identified in the essential oil of peppermint, sage, grapes, sea buckthorn, have increased interest as possible therapeutics. Objectives.: In this paper, we have summarized data from the recent literature, on several chemical compounds extracted from Salvia officinalis L., with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Methods.: In addition to the wide range of experimental methods performed in vivo and in vitro, also we presented some in silico studies of medicinal compounds. Results. Through this mini-review, we present the latest information regarding the therapeutic characteristics of natural compounds isolated from Salvia officinalis L. in Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion.: Thus, based on the information presented, we can say that phytotherapy is a reliable therapeutic method in a neurodegenerative disease.

Electromagnetic field in Alzheimer’s disease: a literature review of recent preclinical and clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Habib Mohamad Ali Ahmad ◽  
Marc Fakhoury ◽  
Nada Lawand
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Brain

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons leading to cognitive and memory decay. The main signs of AD include the irregular extracellular accumulation of amyloidbeta (Aβ) protein in the brain and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein inside neurons. Changes in Aβ expression or aggregation are considered key factors in the pathophysiology of sporadic and early-onset AD and correlate with the cognitive decline seen in patients with AD. Despite decades of research, current approaches in the treatment of AD are only symptomatic in nature and are not effective in slowing or reversing the course of the disease. Encouragingly, recent evidence revealed that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) can delay the development of AD and improve memory. This review paper discusses findings from in vitro and in vivo studies that investigate the link between EMF and AD at the cellular and behavioural level, and highlights the potential benefits of EMF as an innovative approach for the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress and Opportunity

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Yi-An Chen ◽  
Cheng-Hsiu Lu ◽  
Chien-Chih Ke ◽  
Ren-Shyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Synaptic Loss ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
And Function ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Ad Therapy

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by mass neuronal and synaptic loss and, currently, there are no successful curative therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging approach to intercellular communication via transferring cellular materials such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs from parental cells to recipient cells, leading to the reprogramming of the molecular machinery. Numerous studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of AD, based on the neuroprotective, regenerative and immunomodulatory effects as effective as MSCs. In this review, we focus on the biology and function of EVs, the potential of MSC-derived EVs for AD therapy in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the potent mechanisms of MSC-derived EVs actions. Finally, we highlight the modification strategies and diagnosis utilities in order to make advance in this field.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds as Beneficial Antioxidant Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Amato ◽  
Simona Terzo ◽  
Flavia Mulè
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Triggering Factor

The positive role of nutrition in chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggests that dietary interventions represent helpful tools for preventing NDs. In particular, diets enriched with natural compounds have become an increasingly attractive, non-invasive, and inexpensive option to support a healthy brain and to potentially treat NDs. Bioactive compounds found in vegetables or microalgae possess special properties able to counteract oxidative stress, which is involved as a triggering factor in neurodegeneration. Here, we briefly review the relevant experimental data on curcuminoids, silymarin, chlorogenic acid, and compounds derived from the microalga Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) which have been demonstrated to possess encouraging beneficial effects on neurodegeneration, in particular on Alzheimer’s disease models.

scholarly journals Harnessing Intranasal Delivery Systems of Sumatriptan for the Treatment of Migraine

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sara Assadpour ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shiran ◽  
Peyman Asadi ◽  
Javad Akhtari ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Novel Delivery Systems

Sumatriptan (ST) is a commonly prescribed drug for treating migraine. The efficiency of several routes of ST administration has been investigated. Recently, the intranasal route with different delivery systems has gained interest owing to its fast-acting and effectiveness. The present study is aimed at reviewing the available studies on novel delivery systems for intranasal ST administration. The oral route of ST administration is common but complicated with some problems. Gastroparesis in patients with migraine may reduce the absorption and effectiveness of ST upon oral use. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal (GI) system and hepatic metabolism can alter the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ST. The bioavailability of conventional nasal liquids is low due to the deposition of a large fraction of the delivered dose of a drug in the nasal cavity. Several delivery systems have been utilized in a wide range of preclinical and clinical studies to enhance the bioavailability of ST. The beneficial effects of the dry nasal powder of ST (AVP-825) have been proven in clinical studies. Moreover, other delivery systems based on microemulsions, microspheres, and nanoparticles have been introduced, and their higher bioavailability and efficacy were demonstrated in preclinical studies. Based on the extant findings, harnessing novel delivery systems can improve the bioavailability of ST and enhance its effectiveness against migraine attacks. However, further clinical studies are needed to approve the safety and efficacy of employing such systems in humans.

scholarly journals Energy homeostasis deregulation is attenuated by TUDCA treatment in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease mice model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Zangerolamo ◽  
Carina Solon ◽  
Gabriela M. Soares ◽  
Daiane F. Engel ◽  
Licio A. Velloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lower Body Weight

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. While cognitive deficits remain the major manifestation of AD, metabolic and non-cognitive abnormalities, such as alterations in food intake, body weight and energy balance are also present, both in AD patients and animal models. In this sense, the tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has shown beneficial effects both in reducing the central and cognitive markers of AD, as well as in attenuating the metabolic disorders associated with it. We previously demonstrated that TUDCA improves glucose homeostasis and decreases the main AD neuromarkers in the streptozotocin-induced AD mouse model (Stz). Besides that, TUDCA-treated Stz mice showed lower body weight and adiposity. Here, we investigated the actions of TUDCA involved in the regulation of body weight and adiposity in Stz mice, since the effects of TUDCA in hypothalamic appetite control and energy homeostasis have not yet been explored in an AD mice model. The TUDCA-treated mice (Stz + TUDCA) displayed lower food intake, higher energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient. In addition, we observed in the hypothalamus of the Stz + TUDCA mice reduced fluorescence and gene expression of inflammatory markers, as well as normalization of the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY expression. Moreover, leptin-induced p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 signaling in the hypothalamus of Stz + TUDCA mice was improved, accompanied by reduced acute food intake after leptin stimulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that TUDCA treatment restores energy metabolism in Stz mice, a phenomenon that is associated with reduced food intake, increased EE and improved hypothalamic leptin signaling. These findings suggest treatment with TUDCA as a promising therapeutic intervention for the control of energy homeostasis in AD individuals.

scholarly journals In Silico Molecular Docking Approach Against Enzymes Causing Alzheimer’s Disease Using Borassus Flabellifer Linn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Tom Abraham ◽  
H. Noorul Samsoon Maharifa ◽  
S Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Docking Approach ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is a life-threatening neurodegenerative disorder. About 50 million people across the globe are affected by this disease. At final stages, this disease causes patients to lose cognitive ability, memory and brain cells to the point of being totally depend on other individuals for livelihood. The incidence of this disease is increasing across the world in the recent years, making the need of a better drug an urgency. Existing drugs show various side-effects and natural sources of medicinal drugs are being explored. In this study, we explore the activity of natural compounds isolated through GCMS analysis from the haustoria of palmyra palm against two major Alzheimer’s disease-causing enzymes, β-amyloid and Acetylcholinesterase. The binding affinity of these compounds against the target proteins and their pharmacokinetic properties were checked. Among the 37 compounds docked, 5 compounds showed good binding affinity and pharmacokinetic properties. These natural compounds showed a potential as a drug against Alzheimer’s disease. Further research is needed to study the synergistic activity of the compounds in live cells.

scholarly journals Impact of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD): From Risk Factors to Therapeutic Targeting

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yam Nath Paudel ◽  
Efthalia Angelopoulou ◽  
Christina Piperi ◽  
Iekhsan Othman ◽  
Khurram Aamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hmgb1 Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Glycation End Products

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia, with accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as defining pathological features. AD presents a serious global health concern with no cure to date, reflecting the complexity of its pathogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that neuroinflammation serves as the link between amyloid deposition, Tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, an initiator and activator of neuroinflammatory responses, has been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that exerts its biological activity mainly through binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). RAGE and TLR4 are key components of the innate immune system that both bind to HMGB1. Targeting of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in experimental AD models has demonstrated beneficial effects in halting AD progression by suppressing neuroinflammation, reducing Aβ load and production, improving spatial learning, and inhibiting microglial stimulation. Herein, we discuss the contribution of HMGB1 and its receptor signaling in neuroinflammation and AD pathogenesis, providing evidence of its beneficial effects upon therapeutic targeting.

NAD+ supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via cGAS–STING

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (37) ◽  
pp. e2011226118
Author(s):  
Yujun Hou ◽  
Yong Wei ◽  
Sofie Lautrup ◽  
Beimeng Yang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Synaptic Functions

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Impaired neuronal bioenergetics and neuroinflammation are thought to play key roles in the progression of AD, but their interplay is not clear. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important metabolite in all human cells in which it is pivotal for multiple processes including DNA repair and mitophagy, both of which are impaired in AD neurons. Here, we report that levels of NAD+ are reduced and markers of inflammation increased in the brains of APP/PS1 mutant transgenic mice with beta-amyloid pathology. Treatment of APP/PS1 mutant mice with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) for 5 mo increased brain NAD+ levels, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased activation of microglia and astrocytes. NR treatment also reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression, DNA damage, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in the AD mouse brains. Activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) are associated with DNA damage and senescence. cGAS–STING elevation was observed in the AD mice and normalized by NR treatment. Cell culture experiments using microglia suggested that the beneficial effects of NR are, in part, through a cGAS–STING-dependent pathway. Levels of ectopic (cytoplasmic) DNA were increased in APP/PS1 mutant mice and human AD fibroblasts and down-regulated by NR. NR treatment induced mitophagy and improved cognitive and synaptic functions in APP/PS1 mutant mice. Our findings suggest a role for NAD+ depletion-mediated activation of cGAS–STING in neuroinflammation and cellular senescence in AD.

scholarly journals Electroencephalogram and Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical and Research Approaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthoula Tsolaki ◽  
Dimitrios Kazis ◽  
Ioannis Kompatsiaris ◽  
Vasiliki Kosmidou ◽  
Magda Tsolaki
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Knowledge Platform

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive deficits, problems in activities of daily living, and behavioral disturbances. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been demonstrated as a reliable tool in dementia research and diagnosis. The application of EEG in AD has a wide range of interest. EEG contributes to the differential diagnosis and the prognosis of the disease progression. Additionally such recordings can add important information related to the drug effectiveness. This review is prepared to form a knowledge platform for the project entitled “Cognitive Signal Processing Lab,” which is in progress in Information Technology Institute in Thessaloniki. The team tried to focus on the main research fields of AD via EEG and recent published studies.

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