scholarly journals Pleiotropic Functions of FoxN1: Regulating Different Target Genes during Embryogenesis and Nymph Molting in the Brown Planthopper

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4222
Author(s):  
Yu-Xuan Ye ◽  
Chuan-Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Type I ◽  
Keratin Gene ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions ◽  
Foxn1 Gene

FoxN1 gene belongs to the forkhead box gene family that comprises a diverse group of “winged helix” transcription factors that have been implicated in a variety of biochemical and cellular processes. In the brown planthopper (BPH), FoxN1 is highly expressed in the ovaries and newly laid eggs, where it acted as an indispensable gene through its molecular targets to regulate early embryonic development. Moreover, the results of the RNAi experiments indicated that Nilaparvata lugens FoxN1 (NlFoxN1) exhibited pleiotropism: they not only affected the embryogenesis, but also played an important role in molting. RNA-seq and RNAi were further used to reveal potential target genes of NlFoxN1 in different stages. In the eggs, ten downregulated genes were defined as potential target genes of NlFoxN1 because of the similar expression patterns and functions with NlFoxN1. Knockdown of NlFoxN1 or any of these genes prevented the development of the eggs, resulting in a zero hatchability. In the nymphs, NlFoxN1 regulated the expression of a keratin gene, type I cytoskeletal keratin 9 (NlKrt9), to participate in the formation of an intermediate filament framework. Depletion of NlFoxN1 or NlKrt9 in nymphs, BPHs failed to shed their old cuticle during nymph-to-nymph or nymph-to-adult molting and the mortality was almost 100%. Altogether, the pleiotropic roles of NlFoxN1 during embryogenesis and nymph molting were supported by the ability to coordinate the temporal and spatial gene expression of their target genes.

scholarly journals TGF-β and the Smad Signaling Pathway Support Transcriptomic Reprogramming during Epithelial-Mesenchymal Cell Transition

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1987-2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Valcourt ◽  
Marcin Kowanetz ◽  
Hideki Niimi ◽  
Carl-Henrik Heldin ◽  
Aristidis Moustakas
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Smad Signaling

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to normal tissue patterning and carcinoma invasiveness. We show that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/activin members, but not bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) members, can induce EMT in normal human and mouse epithelial cells. EMT correlates with the ability of these ligands to induce growth arrest. Ectopic expression of all type I receptors of the TGF-β superfamily establishes that TGF-β but not BMP pathways can elicit EMT. Ectopic Smad2 or Smad3 together with Smad4 enhanced, whereas dominant-negative forms of Smad2, Smad3, or Smad4, and wild-type inhibitory Smad7, blocked TGF-β–induced EMT. Transcriptomic analysis of EMT kinetics identified novel TGF-β target genes with ligand-specific responses. Using a TGF-β type I receptor that cannot activate Smads nor induce EMT, we found that Smad signaling is critical for regulation of all tested gene targets during EMT. One such gene, Id2, whose expression is repressed by TGF-β1 but induced by BMP-7 is critical for regulation of at least one important myoepithelial marker, α-smooth muscle actin, during EMT. Thus, based on ligand-specific responsiveness and evolutionary conservation of the gene expression patterns, we begin deciphering a genetic network downstream of TGF-β and predict functional links to the control of cell proliferation and EMT.

scholarly journals Raw sequence to target gene prediction: An integrated inference pipeline for ChIP-seq and RNA-seq datasets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar Wani ◽  
Khalid Raza
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dna Binding Proteins ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Regulatory Effects

AbstractGene expression patterns determine the manner whereby organisms regulate various cellular processes and therefore their organ functions.These patterns do not emerge on their own, but as a result of diverse regulatory factors such as, DNA binding proteins known as transcription factors (TF), chromatin structure and various other environmental factors. TFs play a pivotal role in gene regulation by binding to different locations on the genome and influencing the expression of their target genes. Therefore, predicting target genes and their regulation becomes an important task for understanding mechanisms that control cellular processes governing both healthy and diseased cells.In this paper, we propose an integrated inference pipeline for predicting target genes and their regulatory effects for a specific TF using next-generation data analysis tools.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel miRNAs and Their Target Genes in the Response to Abscisic Acid in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7153
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Sivakumar Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Michal Wojciech Szczesniak ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwików
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Novel Mirna

miRNAs are involved in various biological processes, including adaptive responses to abiotic stress. To understand the role of miRNAs in the response to ABA, ABA-responsive miRNAs were identified by small RNA sequencing in wild-type Arabidopsis, as well as in abi1td, mkkk17, and mkkk18 mutants. We identified 10 novel miRNAs in WT after ABA treatment, while in abi1td, mkkk17, and mkkk18 mutants, three, seven, and nine known miRNAs, respectively, were differentially expressed after ABA treatment. One novel miRNA (miRn-8) was differentially expressed in the mkkk17 mutant. Potential target genes of the miRNA panel were identified using psRNATarget. Sequencing results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR of several known and novel miRNAs in all genotypes. Of the predicted targets of novel miRNAs, seven target genes of six novel miRNAs were further validated by 5′ RLM-RACE. Gene ontology analyses showed the potential target genes of ABA-responsive known and novel miRNAs to be involved in diverse cellular processes in plants, including development and stomatal movement. These outcomes suggest that a number of the identified miRNAs have crucial roles in plant responses to environmental stress, as well as in plant development, and might have common regulatory roles in the core ABA signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Overexpression of an Osa-miR162a Derivative in Rice Confers Cross-Kingdom RNA Interference-Mediated Brown Planthopper Resistance without Perturbing Host Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12652
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Shen ◽  
Shanni Cao ◽  
Jinhui Liu ◽  
Wenqing Zhang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Host Development

Rice is a main food crop for more than half of the global population. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Currently, repeated overuse of chemical insecticides represents a common practice in agriculture for BPH control, which can induce insect tolerance and provoke environmental concerns. This situation calls for innovative and widely applicable strategies for rice protection against BPH. Here we report that the rice osa-miR162a can mediate cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) by targeting the NlTOR (Target of rapamycin) gene of BPH that regulates the reproduction process. Through artificial diet or injection, osa-miR162a mimics repressed the NlTOR expression and impaired the oviposition of BPH adults. Consistently, overproduced osa-miR162a in transgenic rice plants compromised the fecundity of BPH adults fed with these plants, but meanwhile perturbed root and grain development. To circumvent this issue, we generated osa-miR162a-m1, a sequence-optimized osa-miR162a, by decreasing base complementarity to rice endogenous target genes while increasing base complementarity to NlTOR. Transgenic overexpression of osa-miR162a-m1 conferred rice resistance to BPH without detectable developmental penalty. This work reveals the first cross-kingdom RNAi mechanism in rice-BPH interactions and inspires a potentially useful approach for improving rice resistance to BPH. We also introduce an effective strategy to uncouple unwanted host developmental perturbation from desirable cross-kingdom RNAi benefits for overexpressed plant miRNAs.

scholarly journals Update of the keratin gene family: evolution, tissue-specific expression patterns, and relevance to clinical disorders

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Ho ◽  
Brian Thompson ◽  
Jeffrey Nicholas Fisk ◽  
Daniel W. Nebert ◽  
Elspeth A. Bruford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Gene Family Evolution ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Keratin Gene ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression

AbstractIntermediate filament (IntFil) genes arose during early metazoan evolution, to provide mechanical support for plasma membranes contacting/interacting with other cells and the extracellular matrix. Keratin genes comprise the largest subset of IntFil genes. Whereas the first keratin gene appeared in sponge, and three genes in arthropods, more rapid increases in keratin genes occurred in lungfish and amphibian genomes, concomitant with land animal-sea animal divergence (~ 440 to 410 million years ago). Human, mouse and zebrafish genomes contain 18, 17 and 24 non-keratin IntFil genes, respectively. Human has 27 of 28 type I “acidic” keratin genes clustered at chromosome (Chr) 17q21.2, and all 26 type II “basic” keratin genes clustered at Chr 12q13.13. Mouse has 27 of 28 type I keratin genes clustered on Chr 11, and all 26 type II clustered on Chr 15. Zebrafish has 18 type I keratin genes scattered on five chromosomes, and 3 type II keratin genes on two chromosomes. Types I and II keratin clusters—reflecting evolutionary blooms of keratin genes along one chromosomal segment—are found in all land animal genomes examined, but not fishes; such rapid gene expansions likely reflect sudden requirements for many novel paralogous proteins having divergent functions to enhance species survival following sea-to-land transition. Using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, tissue-specific keratin expression throughout the human body was reconstructed. Clustering of gene expression patterns revealed similarities in tissue-specific expression patterns for previously described “keratin pairs” (i.e., KRT1/KRT10, KRT8/KRT18, KRT5/KRT14, KRT6/KRT16 and KRT6/KRT17 proteins). The ClinVar database currently lists 26 human disease-causing variants within the various domains of keratin proteins.

scholarly journals Knockdown of TRPV Genes Affects the Locomotion and Feeding Behavior of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Zhu ◽  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Kunmiao Zhu ◽  
Hanyu Zhou ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Sap

Abstract The vanilloid-type transient receptor potential (TRPV) channel is reported to be the molecular target of the commercial insecticide pymetrozine, which specifically disrupts the feeding of plant sap-sucking insects. However, the functions of TRPV channels in plant sap-sucking insects have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, RNA interference was used to investigate the effects of the knockdown of TRPV genes (Nan and Iav) on the mortality, locomotion, and feeding behavior of an important plant-feeding insect pest in rice, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Injecting dsRNA of Nan and Iav into fourth-instar nymphs significantly knocked down the target genes. The injection of dsNan or dsIav did not affect any morphological phenotype (including leg extension) of N. lugens nymphs and adults. Knockdown of Nan or Iav resulted in significantly decreased climbing activity against top plants but did not influence the leg-griping strength of adults. Knockdown of Nan resulted in a significantly elevated mortality of N. lugens in the observation period of 7 d after injection, whereas no significant difference in survival rates 7 d after injection was found between dsIav-injected and dsGFP-injected insects. Electropenetrographic (EPG) recordings indicated that knockdown of Nan and Iav reduced the ingestion activity in the rice phloem tissues of N. lugens. Knockdown of Nan and Iav significantly reduced the amount of honeydew excreted by N. lugens. Our findings indicated a relationship between TRPV and N. lugens locomotion and feeding behavior, which may help to fully elucidate the functions of TRPV in insects.

scholarly journals The Desaturase Gene Family is Crucially Required for Fatty Acid Metabolism and Survival of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-mei Zeng ◽  
Wen-feng Ye ◽  
Ali Noman ◽  
Ricardo Machado ◽  
Yong-gen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Desaturase Gene

Desaturases are essentially required for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. We identified 10 genes encoding putative desaturases in the transcriptome database of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. These include eight First Desaturase family genes, one cytochrome b5 fused desaturase gene (Nlug-Cytb5r) and one Sphingolipid Desaturase gene (Nlug-ifc). Transcript level profiling revealed significant variation in the expression patterns of these genes across tissues and developmental stages, which occur in a gene-specific manner. Interestingly, their expression was also modulated by the insect food source: the mRNA levels of Nlug-desatC and Nlug-Cytb5r were down-regulated, but the expression level of Nlug-desatA1-b and Nlug-desatA1-c were elevated in the BPH fed on the resistant rice variety Babawee as compared to the non-resistant variety Taichun Native 1 (TN1). Silencing Nlug-desatA1-b, Nlug-desatA1-c, or Nlug-Ifc reduced fatty acid composition and abundance in female BPH 1-d-old-adults compared to controls. Whereas, single knockdown of all ten desaturase genes significantly increased mortality of BPH nymphs compared with controls. Of the ten desaturase genes, knockdown of Nlug-desatA1-b and Nlug-desatA2 caused the highest mortality in BPH (91% and 97%, respectively). Our findings offer a base for expression and functional characterization of newly identified desaturase genes in BPH, and may contribute to RNA interference-based pest management strategies.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of different host adaptation in two rice planthopper species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Jian Huang ◽  
Jia-Rong Cui ◽  
Xiao-Yue Hong
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Type I ◽  
Laodelphax Striatellus ◽  
Gene Expression Variation ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Shock Proteins

Abstract Background The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) are most destructive insect pests belonging to Delphacidae. These two species differ in host range, but the underlying mechanism remained unknown.Results In this work, we compared the gut transcriptome of two planthoppers that colonized on rice, colonized on wheat, and transferred from rice to wheat. We found that the majority of differentially expressed genes in SBPH were Type I responsive, which are plastic and evolved in the same direction. Genes associated with sugar transporters and heat shock proteins showed similar expression trends between BPH and SBPH. However, distinct gene expression variation were found after BPH and SBPH transferring from rice to wheat, with detoxifying-, ribosomal-, and amino acid metabolic-related genes reciprocally regulated.Conclusion The results of this study provide evidence that non-adaptation of BPH on wheat was determined within 24 h after transferring, with the majority of genes regulating in “wrong” way. In contrast, SBPH sophisticatedly response to wheat hosts, with the majority of genes plastic and evolved in same direction. Our study promotes our understanding on herbivore adapting to different food source, and might provide a potential strategy for pest management.

scholarly journals Geomagnetic field absence reduces adult body weight of a migratory insect by disrupting feeding behavior and appetite regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijun Wan ◽  
Shoulin Jiang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Jingyu Zhao ◽  
Yingchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduced Body

AbstractThe geomagnetic field (GMF) is well documented for its essential role as a cue used in animal orientation or navigation. Recent evidence indicates that the absence of GMF can trigger stress-like responses such as reduced body weight, as we have previously shown in newly emerged adults of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. To test the hypothesis that reduced feeding in the absence of the GMF leads to a decrease of N. lugens body weight, we compared magnetic responses in feeding behavior, glucose levels, and expression of magnetoreception- and appetite-related genes in brown planthopper nymphs exposed to either a near-zero magnetic field (NZMF, i.e., GMF absence) or typical GMF conditions. In addition to observing the expected responses in the expression of the potential magnetosensor cryptochromes, the food intake of 5th instar nymphs was significantly reduced in insects reared in the absence of GMF. Insects that exhibited reduced feeding reared in the absence of the GMF also had higher glucose levels which is associated with food aversion. Expression patterns of appetite-related neuropeptide genes were also altered in the absence of GMF in a manner consistent with diminishing appetite. These findings support the hypothesis that strong changes in GMF intensity can affect insect feeding behavior and underlying regulatory processes. Our results provide further evidence that magnetoreception and regulatory responses to GMF changes can affect a wide variety of biological processes.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Amino Acid Polyamine Organocation Transporter Family Genes Reveal Their Role in Fecundity Regulation in a Brown Planthopper Species (Nilaparvata lugens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yue ◽  
Ziying Guan ◽  
Mingzhao Zhong ◽  
Luyao Zhao ◽  
Rui Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Common Amino Acid

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera:Delphacidae), is one of the most destructive pests of rice worldwide. As a sap-feeding insect, the BPH is incapable of synthesizing several amino acids which are essential for normal growth and development. Therefore, the insects have to acquire these amino acids from dietary sources or their endosymbionts, in which amino acid transporters (AATs) play a crucial role by enabling the movement of amino acids into and out of insect cells. In this study, a common amino acid transporter gene family of amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC) was identified in BPHs and analyzed. Based on a homology search and conserved functional domain recognition, 20 putative APC transporters were identified in the BPH genome. Molecular trait analysis showed that the verified BPH APC family members were highly variable in protein features, conserved motif distribution patterns, and exon/intron organization. Phylogenetic analysis of five hemipteran species revealed an evolutionary pattern of interfamily conservation and lineage-specific expansion of this gene family. Moreover, stage- and tissue-specific expression analysis revealed diverse expression patterns in the 20 BPH APC transporter genes. Lastly, a potential BPH fecundity regulatory gene of NlAPC09 was identified and shown to participate in the fecundity regulation through the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA inference experiments. Our results provide a basis for further functional investigations of APC transporters in BPH.

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