scholarly journals Integration of Light and Brassinosteroid Signaling during Seedling Establishment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12971
Author(s):  
Fang Lin ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Jiale Yuan ◽  
Yuxia Liang ◽  
Jia Li
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Signaling Network ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
External Stimuli

Light and brassinosteroid (BR) are external stimuli and internal cue respectively, that both play critical roles in a wide range of developmental and physiological process. Seedlings grown in the light exhibit photomorphogenesis, while BR promotes seedling etiolation. Light and BR oppositely control the development switch from shotomorphogenesis in the dark to photomorphogenesis in the light. Recent progress report that substantial components have been identified as hubs to integrate light and BR signals. Photomorphogenic repressors including COP1, PIFs, and AGB1 have been reported to elevate BR response, while photomorphogenesis-promoting factors such as HY5, BZS1, and NF-YCs have been proven to repress BR signal. In addition, BR components also modulate light signal. Here, we review the current research on signaling network associated with light and brassinosteroids, with a focus on the integration of light and BR signals enabling plants to thrive in the changeable environment.

The chemistry of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5- ones as a privileged scaffold in synthesis of heterocycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen A.-M. Gomaa ◽  
Huda A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Azacrown Ethers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Privileged Scaffold ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Near Future

Background : The reactivity of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one DCNP 1 and its derivatives makes it valuable as a building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds like pyrazolo-imidazoles, - thiazoles, spiropyridines, spiropyrroles, spiropyrans and others. As a number of publications have reported on the reactivity of DCNP and its derivatives, we compiled some features of this interesting molecule. Objective: This article aims to review the preparation of DCNP, its reactivity and application in heterocyclic and dyes synthesis. Conclusion: In this review we have provided an overview of recent progress in the chemistry of DCNP and its significance in synthesis of various classes of heterocyclic compounds and dyes. The unique reactivity of DCNP offers unprecedentedly mild reaction conditions for the generation of versatile cynomethylene dyes from a wide range of precursors including amines, α-aminocarboxylic acids, their esters, phenols, malononitriles and azacrown ethers. We anticipate that more innovative transformations involving DCNP will continue to emerge in the near future.

scholarly journals Electrodeposited Hydroxyapatite-Based Biocoatings: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Mir Saman Safavi ◽  
Frank C. Walsh ◽  
Maria A. Surmeneva ◽  
Roman A. Surmenev ◽  
Jafar Khalil-Allafi
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Component Size ◽  
Polymeric Particles ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Coating Methods

Hydroxyapatite has become an important coating material for bioimplants, following the introduction of synthetic HAp in the 1950s. The HAp coatings require controlled surface roughness/porosity, adequate corrosion resistance and need to show favorable tribological behavior. The deposition rate must be sufficiently fast and the coating technique needs to be applied at different scales on substrates having a diverse structure, composition, size, and shape. A detailed overview of dry and wet coating methods is given. The benefits of electrodeposition include controlled thickness and morphology, ability to coat a wide range of component size/shape and ease of industrial processing. Pulsed current and potential techniques have provided denser and more uniform coatings on different metallic materials/implants. The mechanism of HAp electrodeposition is considered and the effect of operational variables on deposit properties is highlighted. The most recent progress in the field is critically reviewed. Developments in mineral substituted and included particle, composite HAp coatings, including those reinforced by metallic, ceramic and polymeric particles; carbon nanotubes, modified graphenes, chitosan, and heparin, are considered in detail. Technical challenges which deserve further research are identified and a forward look in the field of the electrodeposited HAp coatings is taken.

Chromogenics for Sustainable Energy: Some Advances in Thermochromics and Electrochromics

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Goran Granqvist ◽  
Sara V. Green ◽  
Shu Yi Li ◽  
N.R. Mlyuka ◽  
Gunnar A. Niklasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Roll Coating ◽  
Coloration Efficiency ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Initial Results

Chromogenic materials are able to change their optical properties in response to external stimuli such as temperature (in thermochromic materials) and electrical charge insertion (in electrochromic materials). Below we review some recent advances for these types of materials. Specifically we first discuss the limitations of thermochromic VO2 films for energy efficient fenestration and show from calculations that nanocomposites containing VO2 can have superior properties and display high luminous transmittance and large temperature-dependent solar transmittance modulation. Even better results may be found for nanoparticles of VO2:Mg. In the second part of the paper we survey some recent progress for electrochromic devices and show that W oxide films have increased coloration efficiency when some Ni oxide is added. We also present initial results for flexible electrochromic foils produced by roll-to-roll coating and continuous lamination.

CLASSICAL-LIKE RESONANCE INDUCED BY NOISE IN A FITZHUGH–NAGUMO NEURON MODEL

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RIPOLL MASSANÉS ◽  
C. J. PÉREZ VICENTE
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Characteristic Time Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Interspike Interval Distribution ◽  
Stochastic Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Interval Distribution

We have studied the stochastic behavior of Fitzhugh–Nagumo neuron-like model (FN) induced by subthreshold external stimuli. Our analysis based on three standard measures: the power spectrum, interspike interval distribution (ISI) and autocorrelation function shows that it is possible to define a characteristic time scale which can be identified in the response of the system for a wide range of frequencies. In contrast to previous studies we have focused our attention on high frequency signals which could be of interest for real systems such as nervous fibers in the auditory system. We report behaviors which resemble those of classical deterministic oscillators but never the stochastic resonance phenomenon typical of low frequency signals.

scholarly journals Recent Progress of Nanocarrier-Based Therapy for Solid Malignancies

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Qi-Yao Wei ◽  
Yan-Ming Xu ◽  
Andy T. Y. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
The Face

Conventional chemotherapy is still an important option of cancer treatment, but it has poor cell selectivity, severe side effects, and drug resistance. Utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs has been highlighted in recent years. Nanotechnology dramatically changed the face of oncology by high loading capacity, less toxicity, targeted delivery of drugs, increased uptake to target sites, and optimized pharmacokinetic patterns of traditional drugs. At present, research is being envisaged in the field of novel nano-pharmaceutical design, such as liposome, polymer NPs, bio-NPs, and inorganic NPs, so as to make chemotherapy effective and long-lasting. Till now, a number of studies have been conducted using a wide range of nanocarriers for the treatment of solid tumors including lung, breast, pancreas, brain, and liver. To provide a reference for the further application of chemodrug-loaded nanoformulations, this review gives an overview of the recent development of nanocarriers, and the updated status of their use in the treatment of several solid tumors.

Shape-changing polymers for biomedical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kirillova ◽  
Leonid Ionov
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Smart Polymers ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Shape Transformations ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Significant Attention

Smart polymers that are capable of controlled shape transformations under external stimuli have attracted significant attention in the recent years due to the resemblance of this behavior to the biological intelligence observed in nature. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the field of shape-morphing polymers, highlighting their most promising applications in the biomedical field.

scholarly journals Regulation of Three Key Kinases of Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mao ◽  
Jianming Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Receptor Kinases

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant growth hormones that regulate a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes. The BR signals are perceived by two cell surface-localized receptor kinases, Brassinosteroid-Insensitive1 (BRI1) and BRI1-Associated receptor Kinase (BAK1), and reach the nucleus through two master transcription factors, bri1-EMS suppressor1 (BES1) and Brassinazole-resistant1 (BZR1). The intracellular transmission of the BR signals from BRI1/BAK1 to BES1/BZR1 is inhibited by a constitutively active kinase Brassinosteroid-Insensitive2 (BIN2) that phosphorylates and negatively regulates BES1/BZR1. Since their initial discoveries, further studies have revealed a plethora of biochemical and cellular mechanisms that regulate their protein abundance, subcellular localizations, and signaling activities. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the current literature concerning activation, inactivation, and other regulatory mechanisms of three key kinases of the BR signaling cascade, BRI1, BAK1, and BIN2, and discuss some unresolved controversies and outstanding questions that require further investigation.

Recent Progress in the Studies of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows at Microgravity Conditions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoji Takamasa ◽  
Takashi Hibiki
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase Flows ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Interfacial Area Transport ◽  
Drift Flux ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Heat Loads

In a thermal system of spacecraft, two-phase flow system now is an excellent alternative to the conventional single-phase system in transporting large amount of thermal energy at a uniform temperature regardless of variations in the heat loads. In addition, two-phase flows exist in a wide range of applications and enabling technologies in space. This report outlines recent progress in the studies of gas-liquid two-phase flows at microgravity conditions, especially for which regarding to interfacial area transport and drift flux.

scholarly journals Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Chen ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Linkage Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers ◽  
Made In

Shape-memory materials are smart materials that can remember an original shape and return to their unique state from a deformed secondary shape in the presence of an appropriate stimulus. This property allows these materials to be used as shape-memory artificial muscles, which form a subclass of artificial muscles. The shape-memory artificial muscles are fabricated from shape-memory polymers (SMPs) by twist insertion, shape fixation via Tm or Tg, or by liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The prepared SMP artificial muscles can be used in a wide range of applications, from biomimetic and soft robotics to actuators, because they can be operated without sophisticated linkage design and can achieve complex final shapes. Recently, significant achievements have been made in fabrication, modelling, and manipulation of SMP-based artificial muscles. This paper presents a review of the recent progress in shape-memory polymer-based artificial muscles. Here we focus on the mechanisms of SMPs, applications of SMPs as artificial muscles, and the challenges they face concerning actuation. While shape-memory behavior has been demonstrated in several stimulated environments, our focus is on thermal-, photo-, and electrical-actuated SMP artificial muscles.

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