scholarly journals Feeding Delivery of dsHvSnf7 Is a Promising Method for Management of the Pest Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lü ◽  
Zhuoqi Liu ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Mujuan Guo ◽  
Shimin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Henosepilachna Vigintioctopunctata

RNA interference (RNAi) techniques have emerged as powerful tools in the development of novel management strategies for the control of insect pests, such as Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, which is a major solanaceous pest in Asia. Our results showed that levels of HvSnf7 expression were greater in larval midguts than in other tissues. Silencing of HvSnf7 led to greater H. vigintioctopunctata mortality rates and appeared to be time- and partially dose-dependent. Bacterially expressed dsHvSnf7 that was applied to detached plant leaves caused 98, 88, and 60% mortality in 1st and 3rd instars, and adults after 10, 12, and 14 d, respectively; when applied to living plants, bacterially expressed dsHvSnf7 led to mortality in 1st and 3rd instars, with no effect on adults. Bacterially expressed dsHvSnf7 led to improved plant protection against H. vigintioctopunctata. Ultrastructural changes caused by HvSnf7-RNAi in larval midguts showed extensive loss of cellular contents that indicate loss of membrane integrity. This study indicate that HvSnf7 potentially can be used as RNAi target gene for controlling of H. vigintioctopunctata.

scholarly journals 13-Tetradecenyl acetate, a female-produced sex pheromone component of the economically important click beetle Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Livy Williams ◽  
Jacqueline M. Serrano ◽  
Paul J. Johnson ◽  
Jocelyn G. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Species-specific behavior-modifying chemicals have been used for more than 50 years for monitoring and management of insect pests of agriculture and human health. Elaterid beetle larvae are among insect pests in soil that are increasingly problematic, in part due to the lack of effective management strategies. However, little is known about the insect-produced chemicals that mediate the reproductive behavior of these pests. We used chemical and behavioral studies to identify, synthesize, and field test the sex attractant pheromone of adults of Melanotus communis, commonly called the corn wireworm, the larvae of which are economically important pests of U.S. crops. Our results indicated that a single female-produced chemical, 13-tetradecenyl acetate, was strongly attractive to conspecific male beetles, and did not appear to attract other species. In field evaluations, male M. communis exhibited a dose-dependent response to this compound. In a trial comparing different slow-release dispensers, a small rubber septum impregnated with the chemical was as effective as and easier to use than a plastic bag dispenser. Given that the sex attractant of this insect consists of a single compound that can be readily synthesized, its development for monitoring and management of the corn wireworm may be economically feasible.

scholarly journals Yield enhancement of chilli through integrated crop management in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-909
Author(s):  
Raju Raju ◽  
G. Teggelli ◽  
Siddappa Siddappa ◽  
Zaheer Ahamad ◽  
Anand Naik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Farmer Practices

One of the major reasons of low productivity in chilli is the lack of technical knowledge of the farmers about judicious and timely implementation of the management strategies against the major biotic stresses (insect pests and diseases) which ultimately reduce its return. Considering the integrated crop management on need based plant protection in vegetables was conducted in farmer’s fields at different villages of the Kalaburagi district, under northern part of Karnataka, during the period from 2011-12 to 2013-14 show the productivity potential and profitability of improved technologies. The results showed that, on an average the highest yield achieved by adopting integrated crop management was 260.17 quintals ha-1, whereas the corresponding yield ranged under farmer’s practices was to 235.243 quintals ha-1 of green chillies. Adoption of integrated crop management will increase the yield 10.56% over farmer practices. The average technological gap, extension gap and technological index were noticed 139.83 quintals ha-1, 24.92 quintals ha-1 and 34.95 % respectively. The economics of data indicated that an average of Rs. 1,64,500 ha-1 was recorded net profit under recommended practices while it was Rs 129976.7 ha-1 under farmer practices. Cost benefit ratio was 3.07 under demonstration, while it was 2.35 under farmer practices. Practicing of integrated crop management with improved technologies will improve the farmer socio-economical level.

scholarly journals Nanopesticides: A Systematic Review of Their Prospects With Special Reference to Tea Pest Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabesh Deka ◽  
Azariah Babu ◽  
Chittaranjan Baruah ◽  
Manash Barthakur
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
The Impact

Background: Tea is a natural beverage made from the tender leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis Kuntze). Being of a perennial and monoculture nature in terms of its cultivation system, it provides a stable micro-climate for various insect pests, which cause substantial loss of crop. With the escalating cost of insect pest management and increasing concern about the adverse effects of the pesticide residues in manufactured tea, there is an urgent need to explore other avenues for pest management strategies.Aim: Integrated pest management (IPM) in tea invites an multidisciplinary approach owing to the high pest diversity in the perennial tea plantation system. In this review, we have highlighted current developments of nanotechnology for crop protection and the prospects of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant protection, emphasizing the control of different major pests of tea plantations.Methods: A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar search engines with the following terms: nanotechnology, nanopesticides, tea, and insect pest. An article search concentrated on developments after 1988.Results: We have described the impact of various pests in tea production and innovative approaches on the use of various biosynthesized and syntheric nanopesticides against specific insect pest targets. Simultaneously, we have provided support for NP-based technology and their different categories that are currently employed for the management of pests in different agro-ecosystems. Besides the broad categories of active ingredients (AI) of synthetic insecticides, pheromones and natural resource-based molecules have pesticidal activity and can also be used with NPs as a carriers as alternatives to traditional pest control agents. Finally, the merits and demerits of incorporating NP-based nanopesticides are also illustrated.Conclusions: Nanopesticides for plant protection is an emerging research field, and it offers new methods to design active ingredients amid nanoscale dimensions. Nanopesticide-based formulations have a potential and bright future for the development of more effective and safer pesticide/biopesticides.

scholarly journals Insekticidni proteini in njihova uporaba za zatiranje koloradskega hrošča (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say, 1824])

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Primož ŽIGON ◽  
Jaka RAZINGER ◽  
Stanislav TRDAN
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Specific Proteins

<p class="042abstractstekst">Plants respond to pest attack, among other mechanisms, by producing specific proteins with insecticidal properties. Proteins with toxic effects on insects have also been discovered in many other organisms, especially fungi and bacteria. Due to their biological function, insecticidal proteins represent an important potential in the development of more environmentally friendly plant protection methods. Increasing knowledge about the mode of action of insecticidal proteins and the identification of genes encoding their synthesis enable the breeding of transgenic plants resistant to insect pests and the development of new bioinsecticidal agents. The Colorado potato beetle (<em>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</em>) is one of the most important pests of potato, so the study of such control methods is crucial for the development of sustainable integrated pest management strategies of potato. This review highlights the properties of some groups of insecticidal proteins and their modes of action, and summarizes examples of studies of their use for the control of Colorado potato beetle.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Time-Course Physiological Responses and Proteomic Analysis of Melatonin Priming on Promoting Germination in Aged Oat (Avena sativa L.) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Huifang Yan ◽  
Peisheng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Aged Seeds

Melatonin priming is an effective strategy to improve the germination of aged oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds, but the mechanism involved in its time-course responses has remained largely unknown. In the present study, the phenotypic differences, ultrastructural changes, physiological characteristics, and proteomic profiles were examined in aged and melatonin-primed seed (with 10 μM melatonin treatment for 12, 24, and 36 h). Thus, 36 h priming (T36) had a better remediation effect on aged seeds, reflecting in the improved germinability and seedlings, relatively intact cell ultrastructures, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Proteomic analysis revealed 201 differentially abundant proteins between aged and T36 seeds, of which 96 were up-accumulated. In melatonin-primed seeds, the restoration of membrane integrity by improved antioxidant capacity, which was affected by the stimulation of jasmonic acid synthesis via up-accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase, might be a candidate mechanism. Moreover, the relatively intact ultrastructures enabled amino acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which were closely associated with energy generation through intermediates of pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate, thus providing energy, active amino acids, and secondary metabolites necessary for germination improvement of aged seeds. These findings clarify the time-course related pathways associated with melatonin priming on promoting the germination of aged oat seeds.

Dose-Dependent Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Changes After Oral Methylphenidate Administration in Rat Heart Tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Take ◽  
M. Bahcelioglu ◽  
H. Oktem ◽  
E. Tunc ◽  
R. Gzil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals The effects of a synthetic insecticide and a mineral oil on alfalfa insect pests

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Natalia Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Integrated Pest Control

The effects of the synthetic insecticide Eforia 043 ZK (thiamethoxam+lambdacyhalothrin), applied alone and at 1/5 and 2/5 reduced doses in a mix with the mineral oil Akarzin, on Tychius flavus Beck. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze (Hemiptera: Miridae), Acyrthosiphon pisum Harr. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), harmful thrips (Thysanoptera) and cicadas (Hemiptera: suborder Auchenorrhyncha) were studied. The efficacy of Eforia (applied alone and in reduced doses) was significantly higher against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus and harmful thrips, compared to cicadas. The insecticidal action of Akarzin had a better protective effect against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus, in comparison with thrips and cicadas. Combined application of the broad-spectrum insecticide Eforia provided good control against insect pests. The mix of Eforia?s reduced 1/5 dose with the mineral oil showed the highest toxicity throughout the reporting period. Eforia applied at the reduced dose of 2/5 with Akarzin followed in efficacy. A synergistic effect was observed in combinations and was defined as subadditive synergism. Reduced dosage of Eforia and decrease in negative environmental impact of the plant protection products is a friendly approach to integrated pest control. It is important to apply innovative formulations of plant protection products that are safer both for plants and the environment.

scholarly journals LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OFTITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIALEAF EXTRACT ONPERI-URBAN MOSQUITO LARVEA INABAKALIKI; ALTERNATIVE TO INSECTICIDE DEVELOPMENT.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1225-1228
Author(s):  
UHUO CA ◽  
OKEREKE CN ◽  
NWELE ED ◽  
OGBONNA S.U ◽  
NWANCHOR K.C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anopheles Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Population ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Dose Dependent

The bioassay activitiesofTithonia diversifolia leave extract was conducted on the larvae of Anopheles mosquito collected at peri-urban areas of Abakaliki Ebonyi State, using the concentrations of the extract in dilutions at 50/100ml, 40/100ml, 30/100ml and 20/100ml introduced with 10 Anopheles mosquito larvae each in four replicates and allowed for 3hrs. Mean mortality rate of the larvae were observed after the first hour, thus 30%, 10%, 05% and 0% respectively while in the 2nd hour were 60%, 40%, 20% and 10% and in the 3rd hour were 80%, 60%, 50% & 30% respectively. The result thus revealed that the treatment is dose dependent and that the studied specie has some bioactive compounds that can be exploited for insect pests control hence observed to be sensitive in anopheles mosquito larvae. Therefore Tithonia diversifolialeaf extract could be used as a bioassay for the control of mosquito due to its active properties as this has exhibited adverse effects on the larvae thereby reducing the mosquito population and thus reducing the malarious infection associated with the bite of mosquito.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Persistence of Movento® Treatment against Myzus persicae and the Transmission of Aphid-Borne Viruses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Thomas Armand ◽  
Luâna Korn ◽  
Elodie Pichon ◽  
Marlène Souquet ◽  
Mélissandre Barbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Neonicotinoids are widely used to protect fields against aphid-borne viral diseases. The recent ban of these chemical compounds in the European Union has strongly impacted rapeseed and sugar beet growing practices. The poor sustainability of other insecticide families and the low efficiency of prophylactic methods to control aphid populations and pathogen introduction strengthen the need to characterize the efficiency of new plant protection products targeting aphids. In this study, the impact of Movento® (Bayer S.A.S., Leverkusen, Germany), a tetrameric acid derivative of spirotetramat, on Myzus persicae and on viral transmission was analyzed under different growing temperatures. The results show (i) the high efficiency of Movento® to protect rapeseed and sugar beet plants against the establishment of aphid colonies, (ii) the impact of temperature on the persistence of the Movento® aphicid properties and (iii) a decrease of approximately 10% of the viral transmission on treated plants. These observations suggest a beneficial effect of Movento® on the sanitary quality of treated crops by directly reducing primary infections and indirectly altering, through aphid mortality, secondary infections on which the spread of disease within field depends. These data constitute important elements for the future development of management strategies to protect crops against aphid-transmitted viruses.

scholarly journals Effect of Vernonia amygdalina on phospholipase activity from Naja Mossambica (Cobra)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 053-060
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Abdulkakdir ◽  
Omeremime Elizabeth Dania ◽  
Bala Alkali Mohammed ◽  
Yahaya Abubakar Mohammed ◽  
Maimuna Bello Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Menten Constant ◽  
Different Doses

Background: Phospholipases are one of the numerous enzymes found in the Naja mossambica venom. They play a major role in snakebite envenomation, and also responsible for the hydrolysis of a phospholipid, disrupting the membrane integrity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Vernonia amygdalina on Phospholipase activity from Naja mossambica (Cobra) Results: Partially purified phospholipase had maximal velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis Menten constant (Km) of 7.6 × 10-5 mol/min and 1.7mg/ml, while the crude phospholipase had Vmax and Km of 9.4 × 10-5mol/min and 2.5mg/ml respectively. Inhibition study of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf shows that the extract is a potent inhibitor of crude phospholipase in a dose-dependent pattern. The different doses of extract 15 %, 10 % and 5% produced percentage inhibition of 74.04 %, 78.6 % and 86.63% respectively. The kinetic binding constant (Ki) values of crude phospholipase for different concentrations of extracts 5%, 10% and 15% were 0.21mg/ml, 0.29mg/ml and 0.39mg/ml, while the partially purified phospholipase for different concentrations of extracts 5%, 10% and 15% were were 0.48mg/ml, 0.42mg/ml and 0.41mg/ml respectively. It can be deduced from the results that the extract inhibits the phospholipase activity in an uncompetitive manner. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves may contain some bioactive agents that could serve as potent inhibitors of phospholipase from Naja mossambica venom.

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