scholarly journals HIV and Sexual Dysfunction in Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Sara De Vincentis ◽  
Giulia Tartaro ◽  
Vincenzo Rochira ◽  
Daniele Santi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sexual Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Loss Of Libido ◽  
Living With Hiv

Sexual issues tend to go unaddressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management, although overt sexual dysfunctions are more prevalent in people living with HIV than uninfected people. Erectile dysfunction is the most frequent sexual problem, with a prevalence of 30–50% even in men <40 years of age, but other issues such as loss of libido and ejaculatory disorders should not be overlooked. Peculiar factors related to HIV infection (e.g., fear of virus transmission, changes in body image, HIV-related comorbidities, HIV distress and stigma), alongside classical factors non-related to HIV, should be considered when approaching sexual problems in HIV patients. For this reason, the diagnostic and therapeutic workout of sexual dysfunction in the context of HIV requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving specialists in both infectious diseases and sexual medicine. This narrative review presents an overview of current knowledge on sexual dysfunction in HIV men, deepening the factors driving and taking part in these issues, providing advice for the clinical approach, and underlining the importance of caring for sexual health to improve the quality of life of HIV patients.

scholarly journals Retrospective cohort study of statin prescribing for primary prevention among people living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204800402110310
Author(s):  
Joseph A Nardolillo ◽  
Joel C Marrs ◽  
Sarah L Anderson ◽  
Rebecca Hanratty ◽  
Joseph J Saseen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective To compare statin prescribing rates between intermediate-risk people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) and intermediate-risk patients without a diagnosis of HIV for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods Retrospective cohort study . Electronic health record data were used to identify a cohort of PLWH aged 40–75 years with a calculated 10-year ASCVD risk between 7.5%-19.9% as determined by the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE). A matched cohort of primary prevention non-HIV patients was identified. The primary outcome was the proportion of PLWH who were prescribed statin therapy compared to patients who were not living with HIV and were prescribed statin therapy Results 81 patients meeting study criteria in the PLWH cohort were matched to 81 non-HIV patients. The proportion of patients prescribed statins was 33.0% and 30.9% in the PLWH and non-HIV cohorts, respectively (p = 0.74). Conclusion and relevance: This study evaluated statin prescribing in PLWH for primary prevention of ASCVD as described in the 2018 AHA/ACC/Multisociety guideline. Rates of statin prescribing were similar, yet overall low, among intermediate-risk primary prevention PLWH compared to those not diagnosed with HIV.

scholarly journals HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadien M. Nijmeijer ◽  
Marta Bermejo-Jambrina ◽  
Tanja M. Kaptein ◽  
Carla M. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Doris Wilflingseder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractSemen is important in determining HIV-1 susceptibility but it is unclear how it affects virus transmission during sexual contact. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 during sexual contact and have a barrier function as LCs are restrictive to HIV-1. As semen from people living with HIV-1 contains complement-opsonized HIV-1, we investigated the effect of complement on HIV-1 dissemination by human LCs in vitro and ex vivo. Notably, pre-treatment of HIV-1 with semen enhanced LC infection compared to untreated HIV-1 in the ex vivo explant model. Infection of LCs and transmission to target cells by opsonized HIV-1 was efficiently inhibited by blocking complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 enhanced uptake, fusion, and integration by LCs leading to an increased transmission of HIV-1 to target cells. However, in the absence of both CR3 and CR4, C-type lectin receptor langerin was able to restrict infection of complement-opsonized HIV-1. These data suggest that complement enhances HIV-1 infection of LCs by binding CR3 and CR4, thereby bypassing langerin and changing the restrictive nature of LCs into virus-disseminating cells. Targeting complement factors might be effective in preventing HIV-1 transmission.

scholarly journals A Step Closer to the “Fourth 90”: A Practical Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management of Nutritional Issues of People Living with HIV

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Davide Fiore Bavaro ◽  
Paola Laghetti ◽  
Mariacristina Poliseno ◽  
Nicolò De Gennaro ◽  
Francesco Di Gennaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH) has remarkably increased thanks to the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy. Still, PLWH are exposed to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about diagnosis and nutritional management with specific indication of macro and micronutrients intake for the main comorbidities of PLWH. In fact, a prompt diagnosis and management of lifestyle behaviors are fundamental steps to reach the “fourth 90”. To achieve an early diagnosis of these comorbidities, clinicians have at their disposal algorithms such as the Framingham Score to assess cardiovascular risk; transient elastography and liver biopsy to detect NAFLD and NASH; and markers such as the oral glucose tolerance test and GFR to identify glucose impairment and renal failure, respectively. Furthermore, maintenance of ideal body weight is the goal for reducing cardiovascular risk and to improve diabetes, steatosis and fibrosis; while Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets are the dietetic approaches proposed for cardioprotective effects and for glycemic control, respectively. Conversely, diet management of chronic kidney disease requires different nutritional assessment, especially regarding protein intake, according to disease stage and eventually concomitant diabetes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Stigma and Discrimination on Adherence to Medication amongst People Living with HIV in Tiv Land, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Godwin Aondohemba Timiun ◽  
Timothy J. Scrase
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In spite the identification of stigma as a factor impeding public utilisation of HIV counselling, testing, and treatment services in Nigeria, gaps still exist in knowledge on the impact of stigma, and discrimination on adherence to medication amongst people living with HIV (PLWH). This study adopted mixed methods to examine the impact of stigma and discrimination on adherence to medication amongst PLWH in Nigeria.  A sample of 1,621 respondents was collected using multi-stage and purposive sampling methods. Structured interviews using questionnaires and in-depth interviews (using a guide) were utilised for data collection. SPSS (version 21) was used for quantitative data analysis while the qualitative data was analysed thematically. There are 46.3% men and 53.7% women respondents. Generally, their income is low, 70.7% are earning less than N25, 000 (approximately $125 USD) per month. Some of the HIV patients are stigmatised. In reaction, they avoid public places, travel long distances away from their immediate community to collect drugs and to avoid been noticed around the centers. They sometimes miss taking drugs regularly as prescribed, suffer depression and die. Stigma and discrimination impede adherence to medication amongst PLHW in Nigeria. More efforts should be made to create awareness to reduce stigma and discrimination of HIV patients, while augmenting their income to meet up with the challenges of adherence to medication. The overall benefits would be enhanced mechanism of HIV prevention, treatment and control in the study area.

scholarly journals Psycho-behavioral factors associated with neurocognitive performance among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Accra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-596
Author(s):  
Nana Asiedu ◽  
Irene Kretchy ◽  
Emmanuel Asampong
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Selection Of

Background: It is estimated that almost half of all people living with HIV have some form of neurocognitive impairment, but few studies have looked at the risk of neurocognitive impairment and its associated factors in Ghana, due in part to limited resources for such testing. Objective: To examine neurocognitive performance in a group of Ghanaians living with HIV and possible factors that contribute to their performance. Methods: One hundred and four patients were assessed using a selection of brief non-invasive neuropsychological assess- ments as well as the International HIV Dementia Scale. Psycho-behavioural factors (alcohol use, depression, and medication adherence) as well as demographic characteristics and functional daily activities were assessed to determine their association with neurocognitive performance, using linear regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results: About 48% of the participants met the criteria for risk of neurocognitive impairment. Age, education, and symp- toms of depression were found to be significantly associated with the risk of impairment. Conclusion: Some people living with HIV showed risk of neurocognitive impairment, which was significantly associated with education, age and depressive symptoms. It is therefore important to consider routine neurocognitive screening in HIV management to recognize any risks for early interventions. Keywords: ART adherence; depression; neurologic disease.

Telephone-delivered behavioral health interventions for people living with HIV: patients’ perspectives from a qualitative study

AIDS Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eugene M. Dunne ◽  
Rochelle K. Rosen ◽  
Carla Rich ◽  
Alyssa L. Norris ◽  
Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Trends in proportion of older HIV-infected people in care in Latin America and the Caribbean: a growing challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Caro-Vega ◽  
P. F. Belaunzarán-Zamudio ◽  
B. Crabtree-Ramírez ◽  
B. E. Shepherd ◽  
F. Mejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
South American ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractWe aimed to quantify the proportion of people receiving care for HIV-infection that are 50 years or older (older HIV patients) in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2000 and 2015 and to estimate the contribution to the growth of this population of people enrolled before (<50yo) and after 50 years old (yo) (⩾50yo). We used a series of repeated, cross-sectional measurements over time in the Caribbean, Central and South American network (CCASAnet) cohort. We estimated the percentage of patients retained in care each year that were older HIV patients. For every calendar year, we divided patients into two groups: those who enrolled before age 50 and after age 50. We used logistic regression models to estimate the change in the proportion of older HIV patients between 2000 and 2015. The percentage of CCASAnet HIV patients over 50 years had a threefold increase (8% to 24%) between 2000 and 2015. Most of the growth of this population can be explained by the increasing proportion of people that enrolled before 50 years and aged in care. These changes will impact needs of care for people living with HIV, due to multiple comorbidities and high risk of disability associated with aging.

Motivational Interviewing and the Continuum of HIV Care in Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Shriya Kaneriya ◽  
K. Rivet Amico ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes

Advances in HIV treatment have transformed a nearly universally fatal disease into a manageable long-term medical condition. Treatment, however, requires long-term, active engagement and self-directed adherence to HIV medications, which can be challenging to manage. Factors influencing HIV management are multilevel and best understood from an interdisciplinary framework. This chapter reviews the interdisciplinary care model for HIV management, discusses barriers interfering with positive health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH), and positions motivational interviewing (MI) as particularly well suited to optimizing outcomes in an interdisciplinary context. This chapter advocates for the integration of MI into the care of PLWH throughout the HIV care continuum.

Sexual function and dysfunction in older HIV-positive individuals

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

With many parts of the world seeing an aging cohort of people living with HIV (PLHIV), it is becoming clear that some organ systems in these individuals are at a greater risk of disease. There are effects on sexual functioning in aging PLHIV, with many studies finding higher levels of sexual dysfunction in HIV-positive individuals compared with those who are HIV-negative. HIV itself, along with antiretroviral agents, may cause dysfunction. Treatment involves making an assessment of the dysfunction and using the usual methods available, although treatment may be complicated by hormonal deficiencies in HIV-positive individuals, along with the effects of antiretroviral therapy, and drug interactions involving such medications. Furthermore, the issue of HIV transmission needs to be addressed in those seeking treatment for sexual dysfunction.

scholarly journals 776. Tuberculosis Screening Among People Living With HIV in Arkansas: A Ryan White Program Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S278-S278
Author(s):  
Mofan Gu ◽  
Naveen Patil ◽  
Lori Fischbach ◽  
Tiffany Vance ◽  
Charles Bedell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Ryan White ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background The current TB screening practice among people living with HIV in the United States is understudied. In our preliminary study, we found that only 6 (12%) US states recommended TB screening in their HIV guidelines; and only half of the Ryan White Programs capture client TB status. In this ongoing project, we aim to determine the prevalence of TB screening among people living with HIV in Arkansas, inform policy revisions, and ultimately reduce the burden of TB-HIV comorbidity. Methods We generated a sample of patients who received Ryan White service during the last grant year (April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017) from CAREWare (Ryan White client database). We reviewed these patient files in multiple site visits and collected data on TB screening practice. We then performed descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression to analyze TB screening patterns in Arkansas. Results To date, we reviewed 728 patient records from 22 clinics across Arkansas during a 6-month study period. Three hundred sixty-seven (50%) patients have baseline (HIV diagnosis) TB status. On the basis of the multivariate logistic regression model (adjusting for age, gender, race, and patient residence), TB screening among Ryan White patients vary significantly by clinical regions in Arkansas (P &lt; 0.0001). As compared with the central region, HIV patients in the North Central clinical region are more likely to be screened for TB (OR, 23.28; 95% CI, 5.29, 102.49); and HIV patients in the Northeast clinical region are less likely to be screened (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.30). Conclusion We observed in Arkansas (1) low adherence to recommendations for TB screening among people living with HIV and (2) insufficient HIV surveillance infrastructure to capture TB status, and (3) geographic variations in TB screening practice among people with HIV, indicating the need for (1) clearer guidelines, (2) stronger TB education among providers, and (3) program collaboration and service integration between TB and HIV. In our next steps, we want to explore further into the regional variations in TB screening among people with HIV, in order to tailor interventions to different geographic regions. We also want to examine changes in TB screening practice after implementation of the new contract, and to determine the optimal frequency of TB screening among people living with HIV. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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