scholarly journals CD36 and GPR120 Methylation Associates with Orosensory Detection Thresholds for Fat and Bitter in Algerian Young Obese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Berrichi ◽  
Aziz Hichami ◽  
Lynda Addou-Klouche ◽  
Amira Sayed Khan ◽  
Naim Akhtar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Food Habit ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Lipid Sensor ◽  
Lean Children ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background: The spontaneous preference for dietary fat is regulated by two lingual lipid sensors (CD36 and GPR120) in humans and rodents. Our objective was to investigate whether obesity in children is associated with methylation of lipid sensor genes, and whether this alteration was implicated in altered gustatory perception of fat and bitter and increased preference of palatable foods. Methods: School children were recruited and classified according to their body mass index (BMI) z-score into two groups: obese and lean children. The detection of orosensory perception for oleic acid and 6-n-propylthiouracil was assessed by using a 3-alternative forced-choice test. After blood DNA extraction, methylation patterns were investigated by methylation-specific PCR. The children were also subjected to a food habit questionnaire. Results: Obese children showed higher lipid and bitter detection thresholds than lean children. Besides, more obese children presented higher methylation level of the CpG sites than lean participants. Interestingly, CD36 and GPR120 gene methylation was associated with high lipid detection thresholds in obese participants. The obese participants preferred highly palatable fat-rich food items, associated with CD36 and GPR120 gene methylation. Conclusion: Epigenetic changes in CD36 and GPR120 genes might contribute to low orosensory perception of fat and bitter taste, and might be, consequently, critically involved in obesity in children

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from the Age Range of 2 to 19 Years Old in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina R. Niehues ◽  
Ana Inês Gonzales ◽  
Robson R. Lemos ◽  
Poliana Penasso Bezerra ◽  
Patrícia Haas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Juvenile Obesity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Obesity In Children

Introduction. Infant juvenile obesity is currently a worldwide public health problem and it is increasing at alarming rate in the Brazilian population, showing its relevance in terms of public health.Objectives. Determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents between 2 and 19 years old in different regions of Brazil.Methods. The following electronic databases were searched (from September through November 2013): Medline (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO, using the descriptors and Boolean operators (obesity) and (overweight) and (child) and (prevalence) and (Brazil). Prospective and/or cross-sectional designs studies were found regarding the prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents in the five regions of Brazil.Results. A total of 191 scientific articles were found of which 17 met all inclusion criteria. A higher prevalence of overweight was found in the south (25.7%) and north (28.8%) of the country, and obesity in the southeast (15.4%) and south (10.4%).Conclusions. The scope of the studies was mostly based on municipal coverage, which resulted in limitations for conclusive analysis, showing the need for further studies of prevalence at the national level, with emphasis on public health in obese children and adolescents throughout the Brazilian territory.

Abstract 6262: Obesity in Childhood is Associated With an Impaired Regenerative Capacity of Circulating Progenitor Cells and Vascular Dysfunction

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Erbs ◽  
Robert Höllriegel ◽  
Axel Linke ◽  
Agnieszka Burman ◽  
Daniela Friebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Lean Children

The raising prevalence of obesity in childhood appears to preceed the development of atherosclerosis and the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. This might be related to the fact that already in children, obesity is associated with classical risk factors for coronary disease, like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes. Therefore, aim of the present study was to evaluate, whether obese children (compared to lean controls) are characterized by vascular damages and altered regenerative capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CPCs) as an early indicator of developing atherosclerosis. Methods: In 30 obese (11±3 years of age, BMI 28.1±1.3) and 30 lean control children (12±3 years of age, BMI 17.5±0.4) insulin sensitivity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGT). Peripheral flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and intima media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery were assessed as measures of vascular integrity. The number of CD34/KDR+ CPCs was quantified using FACS analysis and the functional capacity of CPCs was determined by migration assay. Results: Obesity in early childhood is associated with peripheral insulin resistance as an early manifestation of diabetes (serum insulin in OGT after 120 min: 543±102 pmol/L in obese vs. 275±39 pmol/L in lean, p<0.05). FMD was significantly impaired in obese compared to lean children (reactive hyperemia index 1.25±0.05 vs. 1.55±0.08, p<0.05). Already in childhood, obesity was accompanied by a gain in IMT (0.40±0.01 mm vs. 0.30±0.01 mm in lean, p<0.05). Obese children had significantly reduced numbers of circulating CPCs compared to lean children (70±7 vs. 119±13 cells/mL blood, p<0.05). There was an inverse correlation between the number of CPCs and the extent of obesity as determined by BMI-SDS (r=−0.27, p<0.05). Additionally, functional capacity of CPCs was significantly reduced in obese children (migration following a SDF-1 gradient: 170±31 CPCs/1000 plated CPCs in obese vs. 258±37 CPCs/1000 plated CPCs in lean, p<0.05). Conclusion: Already in childhood, obesity is associated with an impaired endogenous regenerative capacity, which might result in generalized vascular damage as an early stage of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE MORBIDITY IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
B. B. Rakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Nutrition Disorders ◽  
Digestive System Diseases ◽  
The Republic ◽  
All Diseases ◽  
Obesity In Children

Aim of the study. To estimate the prevalence of the obesity in children and adult population of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the identification of the structure of the overall incidence of child and adolescent obesity. Methods. Clinical, analytical and statistical. The prevalence rate of obesity in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2012-2014 among adults was founded to be of 31-34 ‰, in children - 50-66 ‰. Results. There was noted the gain in the rate obesity in children by 30% over 3 years. In contrast to children with normal weight, in the structure of diseases in obese children in order of significance there are dominated diseases of the endocrine system and nutrition disorders, respiratory diseases, diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the circulatory system and neuro - psychiatric disorders, amounting in total of 75% of all diseases.

scholarly journals Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Its Relation to Insulin Resistance in Obese Children before and after Weight Loss

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2287-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reinehr ◽  
Birgit Stoffel-Wagner ◽  
Christian L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4 ◽  
Lean Children

Abstract Context: There are limited and controversial data concerning the relationships between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), weight status, and insulin resistance in obese humans and especially in children. Objective: Our objective was to study the longitudinal relationships among RBP4, insulin resistance and weight status in obese children. Design, Setting, and Patients: We conducted a 1-yr longitudinal follow-up study in a primary-care setting with 43 obese children (median age 10.8 yr) and 19 lean children of same the age and gender. Intervention: Our outpatient 1-yr intervention program was based on exercise, behavior, and nutrition therapy. Main Outcomes Measures: Changes of weight status (body mass index sd score), RBP4, molar RBP4/serum retinol (SR) ratio, insulin resistance index homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Results: Obese children had significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher RBP4 concentrations and a higher RBP4/SR ratio compared with lean children. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusted to age, gender, and pubertal stage, RBP4 was significantly correlated to insulin and body mass index. Pubertal children demonstrated significantly decreased QUICKI and significantly increased HOMA index, insulin, and RBP4 concentrations compared with prepubertal children. Changes of RBP4 correlated significantly to changes of insulin (r = 0.29), HOMA index (r = 0.29), QUICKI (r = 0.22), and weight status (r = 0.31). Substantial weight loss in 25 children led to a significant (P &lt; 0.001) decrease of RBP4, RBP4/SR, blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA index and an increase in QUICKI in contrast to the 18 children without substantial weight loss. Conclusion: RBP4 levels were related to weight status and insulin resistance in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, suggesting a relationship between RBP4, obesity, and insulin resistance in children.

Obesity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Chidambaran ◽  
Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Obesity In Children

Over the past few decades, obesity rates have doubled among adolescents and tripled among children in the United States. The risk for anesthesia-related morbidity is higher in obese children, so anesthesiologists need to have a comprehensive knowledge of the pathophysiology of obesity in children and its unique anesthetic implications.

scholarly journals Sugar-Containing Beverages Consumption and Obesity in Children Aged 4–5 Years in Spain: the INMA Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios ◽  
Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz ◽  
Manoli García-de-la-Hera ◽  
Laura Torres-Collado ◽  
Loreto Santa-Marina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity In Children

The consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) has been associated with obesity although the evidence in preschool children is scarce. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and SCB consumption (packaged juices and sugar-sweetened soft drinks) in 1823 children at the age of 4–5 years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. One drink was defined as a glass of 175 mL, and the consumption of SCB was categorized in <1, 1–7 drinks/week and > 1 drink/day. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR). The average SCB consumption was 79.1 mL/day, mainly from packaged juices (80.9%). The SCB consumption was lower in non-obese children than in children with obesity, 76.6 vs 118.4 mL/day (p = 0.02). After adjusting for covariates, children who consumed >1 drink/day showed elevated odds of obesity, OR = 3.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–6.98) compared to children who consumed <1 SCB drink a week. Each additional SCB drink per day was associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.14–2.09). Higher consumption of packaged juices, but not sugar-sweetened soft drinks, was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.09–2.15) and OR = 1.59 (0.76–3.39), respectively. A higher SCB consumption is associated with obesity in preschool children, mainly due to the consumption of packaged juices.

Tumor suppressor p16 methylation in multiple myeloma: biological and clinical implications

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1228-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Gonzalez-Paz ◽  
Wee J. Chng ◽  
Rebecca F. McClure ◽  
Emily Blood ◽  
Martin M. Oken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
P16 Gene ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Abstract The biological and clinical implications of p16 gene methylation in multiple myeloma (MM) are still unclear despite previous studies. In this comprehensive study, using methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR), we show that p16 methylation is relatively common and occurs in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; n = 17), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM; n = 40), and MM (n = 522) at a prevalence of 24%, 28%, and 34%, respectively. However, p16 methylation does not appear to affect gene expression level. In a large cohort of patients with long-term follow-up information (n = 439), there was no difference in overall survival between patients with or without p16 methylation. We also found no association between p16 methylation and the main cytogenetic categories, although it was more common among patients with 17p13.1 deletions (p53 locus), a genetic progression event in MM. In addition, p16 methylation has no apparent effect on the cycle because there was also no difference in the plasma cell labeling index (a direct measurement of proliferation) between patients with and without p16 methylation. Our results question a major role for p16 methylation in the oncogenesis of the PC neoplasm, and we now believe p16 methylation may be a marker for overall epigenetic changes associated with disease progression, with no obvious direct biological or clinical consequences.

scholarly journals Favorable role of IDH1/2 mutations aided with MGMT promoter gene methylation in the outcome of patients with malignant glioma

2020 ◽  
pp. FSO663
Author(s):  
Arshad A Pandith ◽  
Iqbal Qasim ◽  
Shahid M Baba ◽  
Aabid Koul ◽  
Wani Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Mgmt Promoter Methylation ◽  
Mgmt Methylation ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Mgmt Promoter ◽  
Promoter Gene ◽  
Prognostic Outcome

Aim: The implications of molecular biomarkers IDH1/2 mutations and MGMT gene promoter methylation were evaluated for prognostic outcome of glioma patients. Materials & methods: Glioma cases were analyzed for IDH1/2 mutations and MGMT promoter methylation by DNA sequencing and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Results: Mutations found in IDH1/2 genes totaled 63.4% (N = 40) wherein IDH1 mutations were significantly associated with oligidendrioglioma (p = 0.005) and astrocytoma (p = 0.0002). IDH1 mutants presented more, 60.5% in MGMT promoter-methylated cases (p = 0.03). IDH1 mutant cases had better survival for glioblastoma and oligodendrioglioma (log-rank p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed better survival in MGMT methylation carriers (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.59; p = 0.031). Combination of both biomarkers showed better prognosis on temozolomide (p < 0.05). Conclusion: IDH1/2 mutations proved independent prognostic factors in glioma and associated with MGMT methylation for better survival.

scholarly journals Evaluation of MGMT gene methylation in neuroendocrine neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Della Monica ◽  
Mariella Cuomo ◽  
Roberta Visconti ◽  
Annabella di Mauro ◽  
Michela Buonaiuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Mgmt Methylation ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Mgmt Gene ◽  
Methylguanine Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Well Differentiated

Unresectable neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) often poorly respond to standard therapeutic approaches. Alkylating agents, in particular temozolomide, commonly used to treat high-grade brain tumors including glioblastomas, have recently been tested in advanced or metastatic NENs, where they showed promising response rates. In glioblastomas, prediction of response to temozolomide is based on the assessment of the methylation status of the MGMT gene, as its product, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, may counteract the damaging effects of the alkylating agent. However, in NENs, such a biomarker has not been validated yet. Thus, we have investigated MGMT methylation in 42 NENs of different grades and from various sites of origin by two different approaches: in contrast to methylation-specific PCR (MSP), which is commonly used in glioblastoma management, amplicon bisulfite sequencing (ABS) is based on high resolution next-generation sequencing and interrogates several additional CpG sites compared to those covered by MSP. Overall, we found MGMT methylation in 74% (31/42) of the NENs investigated. A higher methylation degree was observed in well-differentiated tumors and in tumors originating in the gastrointestinal tract. Comparing MSP and ABS results, we demonstrate that the region analyzed by the MSP test is sufficiently informative of the MGMT methylation status in NENs, suggesting that this predictive parameter could routinely be interrogated also in NENs

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