Biological Treatment of Real Textile Effluent Using Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium and Their Consortium along with the Evaluation of Their Phytotoxicity

Twenty-one fungal strains were isolated from dye-contaminated soil; out of them, two fungal strains A2 and G2-1 showed the highest decolorization capacity for real textile effluent and were, hence, identified as Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium based on morphological and molecular methods. The highest decolorization percentage of 78.12 ± 2.1% was attained in the biotreatment with fungal consortium followed by A. flavus and F. oxysporium separately with removal percentages of 54.68 ± 1.2% and 52.41 ± 1.0%, respectively. Additionally, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of the treated effluent showed that a maximum peak (λmax) of 415 nm was reduced as compared with the control. The indicators of wastewater treatment efficacy, namely total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, conductivity, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand with removal percentages of 78.2, 78.4, 58.2, 78.1, and 77.6%, respectively, demonstrated a considerable decrease in values due to fungal consortium treatment. The reduction in peak and mass area along with the appearance of new peaks in GC-MS confirms a successful biodegradation process. The toxicity of treated textile effluents on the seed germination of Vicia faba was decreased as compared with the control. The shoot length after irrigation with effluents treated by the fungal consortium was 15.12 ± 1.01 cm as compared with that treated by tap-water, which was 17.8 ± 0.7 cm. Finally, we recommended the decrease of excessive uses of synthetic dyes and utilized biological approaches for the treatment of real textile effluents to reuse in irrigation of uneaten plants especially with water scarcity worldwide.

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Mycoremediation and toxicity assessment of textile effluent pertaining to its possible correlation with COD

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94666-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Geetanjali Rajhans ◽

Adyasa Barik ◽

Sudip Kumar Sen ◽

Amrita Masanta ◽

Naresh Kumar Sahoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Geotrichum Candidum ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Textile Effluent ◽

Acid Orange ◽

Dye Pollutants ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Acid Orange 10

AbstractGlobally, textile industries are one of the major sectors releasing dye pollutants. This is the first report on the positive correlation between toxicity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of textile effluent along with the proposed pathway for enzymatic degradation of acid orange 10 using Geotrichum candidum within a very short stretch of time (18 h). Removal efficiency of this mycoremedial approach after 18 h in terms of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, salinity, color and dye concentration in the treated effluent reached to 98.5%, 56.3%,73.2%, 64%, 89% and 87% respectively. Also there was a decrease in pH of the treated effluent. FTIR analysis of the treated effluent confirmed biodegradation. The LCMS analysis showed the degradation of acid orange 10, which was confirmed by the formation of two biodegradation products, 7-oxo-8-iminonapthalene-1,3-disulfonate and nitrosobenzene, which subsequently undergoes stepwise hydrogenation and dehydration to form aniline via phenyl hydroxyl amine as intermediate. The X-ray diffraction studies showed that heavy metal content in the treated effluent has reduced along with decrease in % crystallinity, indicating biodegradation. The connection between toxicity and COD was also inveterated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Further the toxicological studies indicated the toxicity of raw textile effluent and relatively lower toxic nature of metabolites generated after biodegradation by G. candidum.

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DYNAMIC MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRINTING WASTEWATER REUSE

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979209061871 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (06n07) ◽

pp. 1943-1948

Author(s):

LIN LIU ◽

XUJIE LU ◽

JIHUA CHEN

Keyword(s):

Flow Velocity ◽

Tap Water ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Dynamic Membrane ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Cross Flow Velocity

As environmental regulations become rigid and the cost of freshwater increases, wastewater is considered as a major resource in China. The paper presented a study on the implementation of the advanced treatment process using dynamic membrane (DM) in reusing of printing wastewater. The DM was well formed by circulating 1.5g/L of PAC in 20 minutes, the trans-membrane pressure of 200 kPa and the cross-flow velocity of 0.75m/s. The printing effluents were treated in effluent treatment plants comprising a physicochemical option followed by biological process. The treated effluent contained chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity in the range of 45-60 mg/L, 0.030-0.045 (absorbance at 420 nm) and 3-5 NTU. The results showed that the COD, color and turbidity removal efficiencies of the DM permeate were 84%, 85% and 80%, respectively. The wastewater treated by DM was reused as process water and the final concentrated retentate could be discharged directly into sewage treatment works with no additional treatments. Cleaning and regeneration of DM were very convenient if necessary. The proper process was that the polluted DM was cleaned with tap water at high cross-flow velocity. When irreversible pollutants accumulate, it would be rinsed with chemicals tested and the membrane flux would be restored up to 95%. The result showed that DM was considered as a promising method for purification aimed at reuse of printing wastewater, resulting in direct environmental and economic benefits.

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Mycoremediation of Textile Effluent: A Toxicological Evaluation and its Possible Correlation with COD

10.21203/rs.3.rs-356935/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Geetanjali Rajhans ◽

Adyasa Barik ◽

Sudip Sen ◽

Amrita Masanta ◽

Naresh Sahoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Geotrichum Candidum ◽

Textile Effluent ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Acid Orange ◽

Dye Pollutants ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Acid Orange 10

Abstract Globally, textile industries are one of the major sectors releasing dye pollutants. This is the first report on the positive correlation between toxicity and COD of textile effluent along with the proposed pathway for enzymatic degradation of acid orange 10 using Geotrichum candidum within a very short stretch of time (18h). Removal efficiency of this mycoremedial approach after 18 h in terms of color, dye concentration as well as reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in the treated effluent reached to 89%, 87%, 98.5% and 96.3% respectively. FT-IR analysis of the treated effluent confirmed biodegradation. The LC-MS analysis showed the degradation of acid orange 10, which was confirmed by the formation of two biodegradation products, 7-oxo-8-iminonapthalene-1,3-disulfonate and nitrosobenzene, which subsequently undergoes stepwise hydrogenation and dehydration to form aniline via phenyl hydroxyl amine as intermediate. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that heavy metals content in the treated effluent has reduced along with decrease in % crystallinity, indicating biodegradation. The connection between toxicity and COD was also inveterated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Further the toxicological studies indicated the toxicity of raw textile effluent and relatively lower toxic nature of metabolites generated after biodegradation by G. candidum.

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Synthesis, photosensitization and antimicrobial activity evaluation of some novel Merocyanine dyes

10.31221/osf.io/yv273 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

Cyanine Dyes ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Activity Evaluation ◽

Visible Spectra ◽

Merocyanine Dyes

Novel acyclic and cyclic merocyanine dyes derived from the nucleu of furo [(3,2-d) pyrazole; ( d 2 , 3 )imidazole]were prepared. The electronic visible absorptionspectra of all the synthesized new cyanine dyes were examined in 95% ethanolsolution to evaluate their photosensitization properties. Antibacterial andantifungal activities for some selected dyes were tested against various bacterialand fungal strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus andCandida albicans) to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Structural identificationwas carried out via elemental analysis, visible spectra, IR and 1H NMRspectroscopic data.

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Post-treatment of tannery wastewater using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (polishing)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 988-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tadesse Alemu ◽

Andualem Mekonnen ◽

Seyoum Leta

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Subsurface Flow ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽

Pollutants Removal

Abstract In the present study, a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) system planted with Phragmites karka; longitudinal profile was studied. The wetland was fed with tannery wastewater, pretreated in a two-stage anaerobic digester followed by a sequence batch reactor. Samples from each CW were taken and analyzed using standard methods. The removal efficiency of the CW system in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr and total coliforms were 91.3%, 90%, 97.3% and 99%, respectively. The removal efficiency for TN, NO3− and NH4+-N were 77.7%, 66.3% and 67.7%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiency of SO42−, S2− and total suspended solids (TSS) were 71.8%, 88.7% and 81.2%, respectively. The concentration of COD, BOD, TN, NO3−N, NH4+-N, SO42 and S2− in the final treated effluent were 113.2 ± 52, 56 ± 18, 49.3 ± 13, 22.75 ± 20, 17.1 ± 6.75, 88 ± 120 and 0.4 ± 0.44 mg/L, respectively. Pollutants removal was decreased in the first 12 m and increased along the CW cells. P. karka development in the first cell of CW was poor, small in size and experiencing chlorosis, but clogging was higher in this area due to high organic matter settling, causing a partial surface flow. The performance of the pilot CW as a tertiary treatment showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards.

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Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans and comparison of their effects with antifungal drugs

10.21203/rs.3.rs-194546/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi ◽

Razieh Nazari ◽

Majid Darroudi ◽

Mohsen Zargar ◽

Hossein Zarrinfar

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Selenium Nanoparticles ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can stand as a replacement for the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective. Considering how nanoparticles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers contain unique physical and chemical properties, recent reports are indicative of observing the antifungal qualities of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). Recently, the observance of antifungal resistance towards different species of these fungi is often reported. Therefore, due to the antifungal effects of biological nanoparticles, this study aimed to investigate the exertion of these nanoparticles and evaluate their effects on the growth of fungal pathogens. Se-NPs were biosynthesized by the application of wet reduction method, which included specific concentrations of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, and FESEM electron microscope that involved FESEM and EDAX diagram. The fungal strains were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se-NPs at concentrations of 1 µg/ ml and below resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, their growth was inhibited by antifungal drugs at concentrations of 2 µg/ ml and higher. Based on the obtained results, biological nanoparticles produced by fungal agents at different concentrations exhibited favorable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.

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Integrated faecal sludge treatment and recycling through constructed wetlands and sunflower plant irrigation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.846 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (11-12) ◽

pp. 155-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Koottatep ◽

C. Polprasert ◽

S. Hadsoi

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Tap Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Application Rate ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Sunflower Plant ◽

Increase With Increase ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Sanitation Systems ◽

Faecal Sludge

Faecal sludge (FS) from the on-site sanitation systems is a nutrient-rich source but can contain high concentrations of toxic metals and chemicals and infectious micro-organisms. The study employed 3 vertical-flow CW units, each with a dimension of 5×5×0.65 m (width×length×media depth) and planted with cattails (Typha augustifolia). At the solid loading rate of 250 kg total solids (TS)/m2.yr and a 6-day percolate impoundment, the CW system could achieve chemical oxygen demand (COD), TS and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies in the range of 80–96%. A solid layer of about 80 cm was found accumulated on the CW bed surface after operating the CW units for 7 years, but no clogging problem has been observed. The CW percolate was applied to 16 irrigation sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus) plots, each with a dimension of 4.5×4.5 m (width×length). In the study, tap water was mixed with 20%, 80% and 100% of the CW percolate at the application rate of 7.5 mm/day. Based on a 1-year data in which 3 crops of plantation were experimented, the contents of Zn, Mn and Cu in soil of the experimental plots were found to increase with increase in CW percolate ratios. In a plot with 100% of CW percolate irrigation, the maximum Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations of 5.0, 12.3 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, were detected in the percolate-fed soil, whereas no accumulation of heavy metals in the plant tissues (i.e. leaves, stems and flowers) of the sunflower were detected. The highest plant biomass yield and oil content of 1000 kg/ha and 35%, respectively, were obtained from the plots fed with 20% or 50% of the CW percolate.

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Sensitivity of Effluent Variables in Activated Sludge Process

Chemical Product and Process Modeling ◽

10.1515/cppm-2017-0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

B Vivekanandan ◽

K Jeyannathann ◽

A. Seshagiri Rao

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Oxygen Transfer Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Maximum Flow ◽

Activated Sludge Process ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Influent Flow

Abstract The quality of a treated effluent changes when there is a sudden variation in the influent flow to the wastewater treatment plant during dry, rain, and storm weather conditions. In this study, various influent flow conditions in an activated sludge process are considered that affect the sensitivity of effluent variables such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate nitrogen (SNO), ammonical nitrogen (SNH), and total nitrogen (TN) with respect to varying internal recycle flow rate (Qa), sludge recycle flow rate (Qr), sludge wastage flow rate (Qw) and oxygen transfer rate co-efficient of aerobic tanks (KLa(3,4,5)). The analysis has been carried out based on benchmark simulation model no.1 (BSM 1) plant layout which comprises of two models namely activated sludge model no.1 (ASM 1) and simple one dimensional (Simple 1-D) Takacs model. Based on the present analysis, it is observed that the changes in influent flow rate have larger impact on the effluent variables. This variation can be subdued by introducing additional tanks to smoothen the perturbations or using internal recycle rate from the fifth tank in order to maintain the flow around the optimal influent flow rate. The sludge wastage rate has a greater impact on all effluent variables except nitrogenous variables during maximum flow conditions.

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Screening of five marine-derived fungal strains for their potential to produce oxidases with laccase activities suitable for biotechnological applications

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19704/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wissal BEN ALI ◽

Delphine Chaduli ◽

David Navarro ◽

Christian Lechat ◽

Annick Turbé-Doan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Supernatant ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Dye Decolorization ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Active Cell ◽

Oxidative Enzymes ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Fungal Strains

Abstract Background : Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that the world is facing today. Several approaches have been taken, from physical and chemical methods to biotechnological strategies (e.g. the use of oxidoreductases). Oxidative enzymes from microorganisms offer eco-friendly, cost–effective processes amenable to biotechnological applications, such as in industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active cell-free supernatants of interest for dye decolorization.Results : Following the screening of 20 fungal strains isolated from the harbors of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified that displayed laccase-like activities. Molecular-based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum , Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans . Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain ( T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and so was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first undertaken to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, the culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator.Conclusions : The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active cell-free supernatants from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO 4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic a seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. The culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 effectively decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.

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