Assessment of Suitability of Tree Species for Bioenergy Production on Burned and Degraded Peatlands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Large areas of deforested and degraded land, particularly degraded peatlands, need a viable long-term solution for restoration, ideally one that ensures energy security without compromising food security or biodiversity conversation. To address a knowledge gap on the most adaptive bioenergy crop(s) for degraded lands, this research project assessed the survival and growth performance of potential bioenergy crops to restore burned and degraded peatlands. Our methodology compared the bioenergy species with the potential to survive in extreme environments, i.e., gamal [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.], kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner), kemiri sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw], and nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). Observed parameters are plant survival rates, tree height, and circular stem growth. The experiment was conducted between March 2016 to February 2017 in a two-hectare demonstration plot on burned and degraded peatland in Buntoi village, Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan province. Using a split plot design, two treatments were given to each species, i.e., monoculture plantation and agroforestry (intercropped with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.); with each treatment, the species were replicated on two separate plots. Results indicate that nyamplung is the most adoptable species followed by kemiri sunan, however both species performed very well under agroforestry treatment when compared with monoculture. Further study is needed to assess the productivity and associate biofuel yield.

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Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) growth performance on different types of degraded peatlands in Central Kalimantan

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/914/1/012009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 914 (1) ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

B Leksono ◽

E Windyarini ◽

TM Hasnah ◽

Saijo ◽

Fahruni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Ground Level ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Average Height ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Above Ground Level ◽

The Government

Abstract To achieve its national goals in climate and landscape resilience, including bioenergy production, the Government of Indonesia has launched an initiative to restore 14 million hectares of degraded land, including 2 million hectares of peatlands, by 2030. Here we present early findings on tamanu adaptability and tree growth (height, diameter and branches) on two types of degraded peatlands in Central Kalimantan. The paper reports peatland type and tamanu tree growth and adaptability in a 3-ha plantation trial plot over three years and a 2-ha plot over two years in Kalampangan and Buntoi villages. Results show survival rates of 82% in the plot on ombrogenous peat in Kalampangan and 81% on topogenous peat in Buntoi. Furthermore, the growth performance of 2-year-old tamanu trees on topogenous peat in Buntoi with an average height of 1.74 m and diameter of 3.97 cm at 5 cm above ground level and 15 branches was better than on ombrogenous peat in Kalampangan with an average height of 0.68 m and diameter of 1.43 cm at 5cm above ground level and five branches. While initial survival and tree growth results are promising, further monitoring of flowering and fruiting is necessary to determine tamanu’s viability for biodiesel production on degraded peatlands.

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Evaluation of potential and local forages nutrition as ruminant feed-in Payo Agro-Tourism Area, Solok City, West Sumatera, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012055

Author(s):

Adrizal ◽

Roni Pazla ◽

Riesi Sriagtula ◽

Adrinal ◽

Gusmini

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Survey Method ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Bidens Pilosa ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Ruminant Feed

Abstract This study aims to evaluate local forage’s potential and nutritional content in the Payo agro-tourism area of Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to be used as a ruminant feed. This study used a survey method by taking a sample of the forage that grows a lot in the area and then analyzed its nutritional content. The nutritional content analyzed were dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, calcium, and phosphorus minerals. At the same time, the TDN value and the extracted material without nitrogen were calculated based on the formula. The results showed that 12 types of forage have the potential as ruminant feed, namely Panicum maximum, Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium, Digitaria sp, Centrocema pubescens, Calliandra calothyrsus, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Bidens pilosa, Ipomea triloba, Micania Scandens, Asystasia gangetica, and corn straw. This study shows that Calliandra calothyrsus has the highest crude protein content, and Corn straw contains the lowest crude protein. The highest and lowest TDN values were Gliricidia sepium and Panicum maximum, respectively. Through the linear programming program, these 12 plants can be formulated into 4 ration formulations with 58% TDN and 15-16% crude protein.

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Bioenergy Production on Degraded Land: Landowner Perceptions in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10020099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yustina Artati ◽

Wanggi Jaung ◽

Kartika Juniwaty ◽

Sarah Andini ◽

Soo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Agricultural Extension ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Bioenergy Production ◽

Technical Capacity ◽

Extension Support

Bioenergy production from degraded land provides an opportunity to secure a new renewable energy source to meet the rapid growth of energy demand in Indonesia while turning degraded land into productive landscape. However, bioenergy production would not be feasible without landowner participation. This study investigates factors affecting landowners’ preferences for bioenergy production by analyzing 150 landowners with fire experience in Buntoi village in Central Kalimantan using Firth’s logistic regression model. Results indicated that 76% of landowners preferred well-known species that have a readily available market such as sengon (Albizia chinensis (Osb.) Merr.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.) for restoration on degraded land. Only 8% of preferred nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) for bioenergy production; these particular landowners revealed a capacity to handle the uncertainty of the bioenergy market because they had additional jobs and income, had migrated from Java where nyamplung is prevalent, and preferred agricultural extension to improve their technical capacity. These results contribute to identifying key conditions for a bottom-up approach to bioenergy production from degraded land in Indonesia: a stable bioenergy market for landowners, application of familiar bioenergy species, and agricultural extension support for capacity building.

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UAV-derived Estimates of Vertical and Horizontal Structure across Forest Density Gradients

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11896 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Temuulen Sankey ◽

Adam Belmonte

Keyword(s):

Density Gradient ◽

Forest Structure ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Tree Height ◽

Single Species ◽

High Density ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Forest Density ◽

Uav Image

<p>Restoring forest ecosystems and predicting forest response to projected climate change have become an increasingly high priority for land managers. Restoration and management goals require accurate, quantitative estimates of vertical and horizontal forest structure, which has relied upon either field-based measurements, manned airborne, or satellite remote sensing datasets. We use unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image-derived structure from motion (SfM) models and high resolution multispectral and thermal orthoimagery to: 1) quantify vertical and horizontal forest structure at both fine- (< 4 ha) and mid-scales (4-400 ha) across a forest density gradient, and 2) quantify horizontal structure, health, and survival rates in a genetics experimental garden also with a density gradient. In both cases, we find that UAV multispectral and thermal image-derived SfM model estimates of individual tree height and canopy diameter are most accurate in low-density conditions, with accuracies degrading significantly in high-density conditions. In addition, UAV thermal images demonstrate significant differences in tree health and survival rates among various populations and genotypes within a single species.&#160; Mid-scale estimates of canopy cover and forest density follow a similar pattern across the density gradient, demonstrating the effectiveness of UAV image-derived estimates in low to medium-density conditions as well as the challenges associated with high-density conditions.</p>

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AKTIVITAS HATI TIKUS (RATTUS SP) YANG DIBERI RANSUM MENGANDUNG TEPUNG DAUN KALIANDRA (Calliandra calothyrsus) DAN KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus) SELAMA MASA PERTUMBUHAN

Jurnal Biologi Udayana ◽

10.24843/jbiounud.2017.vol21.i01.p07 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

IRIANI SETYAWATI ◽

I GUSTI NGURAH AGUNG DEWANTARA PUTRA ◽

NI GUSTI KETUT RONI

Keyword(s):

Growth Period ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Pineapple Peel ◽

Animal Diet

Calliandra calothyrsus leaves contain 17-28% protein thus potential as a protein source in animal diet. However, it also contain a high antinutrition of condensed tannins (>10%). The addition of protease enzymes (bromelain) in the diet containing tannins is expected to overcome the negative effects of tannins. Bromelain can be obtained from the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) including the peel. This study was a feeding experiment on weaned male and female rats during the growth period. This study used a completely randomized design of 4x4 factorial design. The main factor was Calliandra leaf meal substitution levels of 0; 10; 17.5 and 25% in the diet. The sub factor was pineapple peel additive levels of 0; 4.35; 8.70 and 13.05 g/rat/day. Weaned rats were divided into 16 groups and they were fed for two months during growth period. The study showed that there was no interaction between calliandra leaves and pineapple peels on the rat liver activity including the blood levels of SGOT and SGPT levels. SGPT and SGOT levels were not affected by all levels of pineapple peels in the diets. All calliandra levels did not affect the level of SGOT, but 17.5 and 25% calliandra in the diets increased SGPT level.

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Evaluation of the Leaf of a Range of Tree Legumes as a Source of Nitrogen for Crop Growth

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700019633 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 195-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. C. Gutteridge

Keyword(s):

Lignin Content ◽

Poor Response ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Yield Response ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Sesbania Sesban ◽

Short Term ◽

Tree Legumes ◽

Leaf Mulch

SUMMARYThe leaf mulch of the tree legumes Acacia cunninghamii, A. fimbriata, Calliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania sesban was evaluated as a source of nitrogen for maize growth in glasshouse pot experiments. The mulch of Sesbania sesban resulted in the largest yields of maize stover but yields were less than those that resulted from application of equivalent rates of fertilizer nitrogen. The mulches of Gliricidia and Leucaena also produced a yield response in maize but those of Calliandra and the two Acacia species were ineffective as sources of nitrogen in the short term. Sesbania mulch at the equivalent of 5 t dry matter ha-1 produced a maize yield similar to that obtained with 75 kg N ha-1. The poor response to Calliandra and Acacia mulch may be associated with the high polyphenol and/or lignin content of the leaf of these species.

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POTENSI GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BIOMASSA STUDI KASUS : KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR (NTT)

Journal of Environmental Engineering & Waste Management ◽

10.33021/jenv.v3i1.397 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dedi Hudaedi ◽

Hariyadi Hariyadi ◽

Syaiful Anwar

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Wood Products ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Community Economy ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Potential Land

<p align="justify">The ability of East Manggarai Regency to meet the electricity needs of the region is estimated at only 44.91%. This metter is caused by natural conditions that have a dry climate and critical land, making it difficult to can improve of community economy and generaly region for development of adequate electricity. Therefore, the electrical energi need has been to development challenge, while fossil energi untenable. The construction of a biomass from the Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) plant is a potential alternative to develop. This research aimed to identify the potential lands for Gamal and predict the electricity potency. The method was image analysis from Citra TM 8 using GIS Version 10.1 as an analysis tool. Collecting data was through community interviews with purposive sampling method. The results of this study described the degraded land areas of 187.462,01 hectares which are the potential land for Gamal planting. Prediction of critical lands could produce 98 181.76 m3 of wood products and generate 18.90 MW / year of electricity.</p>

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NET N MINERALISATION IN COCONUT/NITROGEN FIXING TREE BASED SYSTEM

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v13i01.307 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

N.A Tennakoon ◽

M. de S, Liyanage

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

The Other ◽

Acacia Auriculiformis ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

N Availability ◽

N Mineralisation ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Field Incubation

To study the net N mineralisation rates of coconut/NFT plantations, a field incubation technique was carried out. In this study, four types of NFT i.e. Acacia auriculiformis, Calliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and coconut monocropping were selected. Forty plastic tubes were inserted into the soil, to a depth of 15 cm at a distance of 2 m and l m away from coconut palm, for field incubation period of 2 weeks. Similarly another set of forty tubes were inserted for a 4 week field incubation period, after removing the previous set of tubes. Fresh soll samples (same depth) were also taken close to the inserted tubes on the day on which tubes were inserted for the estimation of initial N concentrations in the soil. Mineralised N concentrations were extracted by 2 M KCl and the net N mineralisation rates were calculated. Net N mineralisation was significantly higher (P= 0.001) 4 weeks after field incubation peniod than 2 weeks and also, the significant higher (P= 0.001) net N mineralisation was shown 2 m away from coconut than l m away from coconut. The highest net N mineralisation (4.9 ‑ 15.5 kgha-1) was found in Gliricidia site than in the other NFT sites, followed by Leucaena > Calliandra > Acacia. The lowest net N mineralisation (1.2 ‑ 2.2 kgha-1) was recorded in the coconut monocrop, either 2 weeks or 4 weeks incubation period. This study clearly indicated that growing NFTs with coconut enhances N availability in coconut lands and Gliricidia being the most promismig.

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Kajian In Vitro Kecernaan Fraksi Serat Hijauan Tropis pada Media Cairan Rumen Kambing

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v7i1.8907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Marselinus Hambakodu ◽

Alexander Kaka ◽

Yessy Tamu Ina

Keyword(s):

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Sesbania Grandiflora ◽

Fiber Digestibility ◽

Swietenia Mahagoni

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF dan kecernaan hemiselulosa pada hijauan pakan tropis secara in vitro. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 8 jenis pakan hijauan tropis dan cairan rumen kambing PE berfistula yang diberi pakan dengan kandungan PK 12% dan TDN 62%. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap 8 perlakuan pakan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = turi (Sesbania grandiflora), P2 = nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus), P3 = pisang (Musa acuminate), P4 = mangga (Mangifera indica L.), P5 = gamal (Gliricidia sepium), P6 = mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.), P7 = kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) dan P8 = lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA taraf 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF, dan kecernaan hemiselulosa berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Hijauan pakan tropis lamtoro, kaliadra dan gamal memiliki kecernaan NDF, kecernaan ADF lebih tinggi dibandingkan turi, nangka, pisang, mangga, dan mahoni, namun kecernaan hemiselulosa kaliandra, manga dan lamtoro tertinggi. Kesimpulan, hijauan Leucaena leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus, dan Gliricidia sepium memiliki kecernaan NDF tertinggi (70,34%; 66,26% dan 62,29%), dan kecernaan ADF tertinggi (53,79%; 48,08%; dan 58,91%), namun kecernaan hemiselulosa tertinggi adalah Calliandra calothyrsus, Mangifera indica L, dan Leucaena leucocephala (18,18%; 17,80% dan 16,55%).Kata kunci: in vitro, hijauan tropis, kecernaan, serat ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to evaluate neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, and hemicellulose digestibility on tropical browse plants in vitro. The materials used in this research were 8 types of tropical forages and rumen fluid from Etawa Crossbreed goat fistulated with CP 12 % and 62 % TDN. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design of 8 feed treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of P1 = Sesbania grandiflora, P2 = Artocarpus heterophyllus, P3 = Musa acuminata, P4 = Mangifera indica L., P5 = Gliricidia sepium, P6 = Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq, P7 = Calliandra calothyrsus, and P8 = Leucaena leucocephala. Data were analyzed using ANOVA 5%, and continued by Duncan test. The results of the study showed that neutral detergent fiber digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, hemicellulose digestibility were significantly (P<0.05). Tropical forages of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium were highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (70,34% and 62,29%), and highest acid detergent fiber digestibility (57,14% and 58,91%), with hemicellulose digestibility (64,10% and 65,00%).Keywords: digestibility, fiber, tropical browse plants, in vitro

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Growth evaluation of several types of energy crops from tropical shrubs species

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.18063.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dwi Susanto ◽

Auliana Auliana ◽

Rudianto Amirta

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Energy Crops ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Four Levels ◽

Tropical Shrubs

Background: Few species of tropical shrubs potentially produce biomass to replace fossil fuels for heat production and electricity. The aims of this study were to determine the growth and nutrient status of leaves of several types of energy crops from tropical shrub species with NPK fertilizer application. Methods: Randomized block design was used with ten replications of four levels of fertilizer treatment: T0 = 40 g, T1 = 80 g, T2 = 120 g and T4 = 160 g per plant. Results: The results indicated that fertilization increased plant growth and the quantity of nutrients in leaves. The plants accumulated a lot of potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The species of tropical shrubs with the best growth were Vernonia amygdalina, Calliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia sepium, which are all potentially cultivated as sustainable energy crops. Conclusions: Serious attention must be paid to the availability of soil nutrients in order to sustain the cultivation of these plants.

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