scholarly journals Chitosan-TiO2: A Versatile Hybrid Composite

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza ◽  
José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez ◽  
Claudia Ivette Maytorena-Verdugo ◽  
Napoleón González-Silva ◽  
Rafael Romero-Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Dose Dependent

In recent years, a strong interest has emerged in hybrid composites and their potential uses, especially in chitosan–titanium dioxide (CS–TiO2) composites, which have interesting technological properties and applications. This review describes the reported advantages and limitations of the functionalization of chitosan by adding TiO2 nanoparticles. Their effects on structural, textural, thermal, optical, mechanical, and vapor barrier properties and their biodegradability are also discussed. Evidence shows that the incorporation of TiO2 onto the CS matrix improves all the above properties in a dose-dependent manner. Nonetheless, the CS–TiO2 composite exhibits great potential applications including antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi; UV-barrier properties when it is used for packaging and textile purposes; environmental applications for removal of heavy metal ions and degradation of diverse water pollutants; biomedical applications as a wound-healing material, drug delivery system, or by the development of biosensors. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effects of CS–TiO2 have been reported on different cell lines, which supports their use for food and biomedical applications. Moreover, CS–TiO2 has also been used as an anti-corrosive material. However, the development of suitable protocols for CS–TiO2 composite preparation is mandatory for industrial-scale implementation.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ROTULA AQUATICA LOUR. ROOTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
T. Shyam ◽  
◽  
S Ganapaty
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Four compounds viz α-amyrin, β- amyrin, bauerenol and ellagic acid were isolated from the methanolic extract of Rotula aquatica roots. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and chemical evidence. The extract was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxic model at a dose levels of 200,400 and 800 mg/ kg body weight and compared with that of the standard silymarin (25mg/kg body weight). It showed good hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner. The extract was also screened for antimicrobial activity against various types of organisms like bacteria and fungi.

Cytotoxic effects of cisplatin, cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), on Tetrahymena

1988 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716
Author(s):  
J.R. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

A study was made of the effects of cisplatin, cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (5–250 mg l-1), on the physiology and fine structure of Tetrahymena. The physiological effects observed were dose-dependent. Endocytosis was inhibited reversibly in all, but late in the high, concentrations. After an initial dose-related increase, due to division of cells most advanced in the cell cycle, proliferation ceased for at least two normal cell generations (6 h) in 50 and 100 mg drug l-1, but for 24 h in 250 mg l-1, after which multiplication was resumed in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to cisplatin resulted in the appearance of small, refractive granules and platinum (i.e. electron-dense material) accumulated in these granules. Fine structural observations of cells exposed to 250 mg drug l-1 showed nucleolar fusion and appearance initially of lipid droplets, dense granules and autophagosomes. A time-dependent redistribution of cell organelles was revealed by morphometry; in particular, the mitochondria increased in number, but decreased in size. Moreover, after prolonged treatment (24 h) and without cell division, the inner mitochondrial membrane had diminished and the ratio of the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane was only half of the value for control mitochondria. Concomitantly with this decrease, the cell content of ATP was reduced to a similar extent. The findings indicate a specific action of cisplatin on mitochondria, resembling that induced in Tetrahymena by chloramphenicol and methotrexate.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects of Air Freshener Biocides in Lung Epithelial Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Jung-Taek Kwon ◽  
Mimi Lee ◽  
Gun-Baek Seo ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kim ◽  
Ilseob Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
A549 Lung

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of mixtures of citral (CTR) and either benzisothiazolinone (BIT, Mix-CTR-BIT) or triclosan (TCS, Mix-CTR-TCS) in human A549 lung epithelial cells. We investigated the effects of various mix ratios of these common air freshener ingredients on cell viability, cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage. Mix-CTR-BIT and Mix-CTR-TCS significantly decreased the viability of lung epithelial cells and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, both mixtures increased ROS generation, compared to that observed in control cells. In particular, cell viability, growth, and morphology were affected upon increase in the proportion of BIT or TCS in the mixture. However, comet analysis showed that treatment of cells with Mix-CTR-BIT or Mix-CTR-TCS did not increase DNA damage. Taken together, these data suggested that increasing the content of biocides in air fresheners might induce cytotoxicity, and that screening these compounds using lung epithelial cells may contribute to hazard assessment.

scholarly journals Effect of Clinoptilolite and Sepiolite Nanoclays on Human and Parasitic Highly Phagocytic Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanis Toledano-Magaña ◽  
Leticia Flores-Santos ◽  
Georgina Montes de Oca ◽  
Alfonso González-Montiel ◽  
Juan-Pedro Laclette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Nanoclays have potential applications in biomedicine raising the need to evaluate their toxicity inin vitromodels as a first approach to its biocompatibility. In this study,in vitrotoxicity of clinoptilolite and sepiolite nanoclays (NC) was analyzed in highly phagocytic cultures of amoebas and human and mice macrophages. While amebic viability was significantly affected only by sepiolite NC at concentrations higher than 0.1 mg/mL, the effect on macrophage cultures was dependent on the origin of the cells. Macrophages derived from human peripheral blood monocytes were less affected in viability (25% decrease at 48 h), followed by the RAW 264.7 cell line (40%), and finally, macrophages derived from mice bone marrow monocytes (98%). Moreover, the cell line and mice macrophages die mainly by necrosis, whereas human macrophages exhibit increased apoptosis. Cytokine expression analysis in media of sepiolite NC treated cultures showed a proinflammatory profile (INFγ, IL-1α, IL-8, and IL-6), in contrast with clinoptilolite NC that induced lees cytokines with concomitant production of IL-10. The results show that sepiolite NC is more toxic to amoebas and macrophages than clinoptilolite NC, mostly in a time and dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of sepiolite NC was comparable with talc powder suggesting that both NC have low cytotoxicityin vitro.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effect of Nanocrystalline MgFe2O4Particles for Cancer Cure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kanagesan ◽  
M. Hashim ◽  
S. Tamilselvan ◽  
N. B. Alitheen ◽  
I. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Mcf 7

Nanocrystalline magnesium ferrites (MgFe2O4) were produced with an average grain size of about 20 nm. Their structural, morphological, and magnetic characterizations were studied. The cytotoxic effects of MgFe2O4nanoparticles in various concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL) against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were analyzed. MTT assay findings suggest the increased accumulation of apoptotic bodies with the increasing concentration of MgFe2O4nanoparticles in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis shows that MgFe2O4nanoparticles in 800 μg/mL concentration are more cytotoxic compared to vehicle-treated MCF-7 cells and suggests their potential utility as a drug carrier in the treatment of cancer.

scholarly journals Responses to Cadmium in Early-Diverging Streptophytes (Charophytes and Bryophytes): Current Views and Potential Applications

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Erika Bellini ◽  
Camilla Betti ◽  
Luigi Sanità di Toppi
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Heavy Damage ◽  
Vacuolar Sequestration

Several transition metals are essential for plant growth and development, as they are involved in various fundamental metabolic functions. By contrast, cadmium (Cd) is a metal that can prove extremely toxic for plants and other organisms in a dose-dependent manner. Charophytes and bryophytes are early-diverging streptophytes widely employed for biomonitoring purposes, as they are able to cope with high concentrations of toxic metal(loid)s without showing any apparent heavy damage. In this review, we will deal with different mechanisms that charophytes and bryophytes have evolved to respond to Cd at a cellular level. Particular attention will be addressed to strategies involving Cd vacuolar sequestration and cell wall immobilization, focusing on specific mechanisms that help achieve detoxification. Understanding the effects of metal(loid) pollution and accumulation on the morpho-physiological traits of charophytes and bryophytes can be in fact fundamental for optimizing their use as phytomonitors and/or phytoremediators.

scholarly journals Examination of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Hemigraphisalternate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S6) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Dose Dependent

Plants as the source of medicine plays avital role in the health service around world. Hemigraphis alternata (Acanthaceae), exotic plants adapt to India, is versatile tropical lower-creeping perennial herbs that reachheight of 15 - 30 centimeters. The matured leaf of Hemigraphis alternata was collected from Kurunthankode , Kanyakumari district. Phytochemical screening of the H.alternata revealed the presence of some phytoconstituents such as carbohydrate, protein, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid and tannin. Previous report shows that H.coloratacontains similar compounds like saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. The antioxidant property of H.alternata extract were compared with standard ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of H.alternata leaf exhibit good scavenging activity with dose dependent manner. Antimicrobial activities of H.alternata leaf extract show the ethanol extract has the maximum activity against bacteria and fungi. This study revealed the presence of different Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of plant H.alternataand can be suggested that the bioactive components are promising natural antimicrobial agents.

Anticancer activity, phytochemical screening and acute toxicity evaluation of an aqueous extract of Aristolochia longa L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachir Benarba ◽  
Atanasio Pandiella ◽  
Almahy Elmallah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aristolochia longa (Aristolochiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to investigate the cytotoxic activity and the acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of A. longa roots. Also, the phytochemical composition of the extract was evaluated. The cytotoxic effects of the aqueous extract in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100 cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. A. longa roots were screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents using the standard qualitative phytochemical procedures. The acute oral toxicity (5000 mg/kg limited dose test) was evaluated. Our results showed that both cells were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by A. longa aqueous extract. The IC50 of A. longa aqueous extract was estimated after 72h treatment at 40μg/ml and 97μg/ml in HBL100 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. A. longa aqueous extract at a concentration of 500μg/ml suppressed effectively the cell growth of HBL100 and MDA-MB-231 cells. TLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonols, flavones and/or flavonoid glycosides as major compounds in the extract. Results of the acute toxicity study suggest the non-toxicity of the A. longa aqueous extract to the liver. Interestingly, the renal function was not affected by the extract administration at 5000mg/kg. A. longa aqueous extract could be toxicologically safe when administered orally in rats in a single dose. A. longa could be considered as a promising and safe source for developing novel therapeutics against breast cancer. Keywords: Aristolochia longa, breast cancer, phytochemical, acute toxicity, TLC.

scholarly journals Antischistosomal and Cytotoxic Effects of the Essential Oil of Tetradenia riparia (Lamiaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Nathalya I. de Melo ◽  
André L. L. Mantovani ◽  
Pollyanna F. de Oliveira ◽  
Milton Groppo ◽  
Ademar A. da Silva Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
V79 Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Colorimetric Assays ◽  
Dose Dependent

This paper reports on the antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil obtained from Tetradenia riparia leaves (TR-EO). At concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL, TR-EO killed all the worms after 120 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At a concentration equal to or higher than 50 μg/mL, this oil also separated the coupled pairs and decreased the adult worm motor activity after incubation periods higher than 72 h. In addition, at 120 h of incubation, TR-EO slightly decreased the number of eggs produced by Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and significantly reduced the percentage of developed eggs, in a dose-dependent manner. XTT-colorimetric assays showed that the tested TR-EO concentrations were not considerably cytotoxic to V79 cells (IC50 = 253.5 μg/mL). The effects of TR-EO on egg development were noteworthy; therefore, this essential oil deserves further investigation to identify the chemical constituents that elicit activity against S. mansoni.

scholarly journals Macrophage-inflammatory protein protects multipotent hematopoietic cells from the cytotoxic effects of hydroxyurea in vivo

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 2605-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
BI Lord ◽  
TM Dexter ◽  
JM Clements ◽  
MA Hunter ◽  
AJ Gearing
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Multipotent Progenitor Cells ◽  
S Cycling ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

Abstract Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) has been assessed for its potential in vivo to protect hematopoietic progenitor cells from the cytotoxic effects of a cycle-specific drug--in this case hydroxyurea (HU). Two doses of HU, 7 hours apart, were administered to mice to induce spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S) cycling and then to kill them during DNA-synthesis. MIP-1 alpha, in a variety of dose and time combinations, was injected before the second dose of HU in an attempt to prevent recruitment or maintain CFU-S quiescence, and thus protect them from the second dose of HU. Without MIP-1 alpha, recovery of the CFU-S population was complete in 7 days. In a dose-dependent manner, MIP-1 alpha either reduced the initial kill and accelerated recovery, or completely protected the CFU-S population. We conclude that MIP-1 alpha does protect multipotent progenitor cells in vivo and that these observations provide a base from which to build practical clinical applications.

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