scholarly journals Novel Low-Twist Bast Fibre Yarns from Flax Tow for High-Performance Composite Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Nina Graupner ◽  
Karl-Heinz Lehmann ◽  
David E. Weber ◽  
Hans-Willi Hilgers ◽  
Erik G. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Staple Fibre ◽  
High Price ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Injection Process

The use of natural fibres for components subjected to higher mechanical requirements tends to be limited by the high price of high-quality semi-finished products. Therefore, the present study deals with the development of more cost-effective staple fibre yarns made from flax tow. In the subsequent processing stage, the yarns were processed into quasi-unidirectional (UD) fabrics. The results of the fibre characterisation along the process chain have shown that no significant mechanical fibre damage occurs after slivers’ production. Fibres prepared from yarns and fabrics show comparable characteristics. The yarns were processed to composites by pultrusion to verify the reinforcement effect. The mechanical properties were comparable to those of composites made from a high-quality UD flax roving. The fabrics were industrially processed into composite laminates using a vacuum infusion and an autoclave injection process (vacuum injection method in an autoclave). While impact strength compared to a reference laminate based on the UD flax roving was achieved, tensile and flexural properties were not reached. An analysis showed that the staple fibre yarns in the fabric show an undulation, leading to a reorientation of the fibres and lower characteristic values, which show 86–92% of the laminate made from the flax roving. Hybrid laminates with outer glass and inner flax layers were manufactured for the intended development of a leaf spring for the bogie of a narrow-gauge railroad as a demonstrator. The hybrid composites display excellent mechanical properties and showed clear advantages over a pure glass fibre-reinforced composite in lightweight construction potential, particularly flexural stiffness.

Effect of ethanol on the mold filling-time and mechanical properties of woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy filled with TiO2 nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372097134
Author(s):  
Sherif M Youssef ◽  
M Megahed ◽  
Soliman S Ali-Eldin ◽  
MA Agwa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mold Filling ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber

Vacuum resin infusion (VRI) is a promising technique for manufacturing complicated structural laminates. This high viscosity of nanofilled resin increases the filling time and leads to an incomplete mold filling. The mold filling time can be reduced either by making the fiber dimensions smaller than the mold (gaps around the fibers) or by adding ethanol to nanofilled epoxy. However, ethanol addition influences the mechanical properties of composite laminates. In this study, different amounts of ethanol (0.5 wt. % and 1 wt. %) were used as a diluent to both neat epoxy and epoxy filled with (0.25 wt. %) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. From results, it was found that ethanol addition saves the time for neat and nanofilled epoxy by 47.1% and 24.1%, respectively. It was found that adding 0.5 wt. % of ethanol to 0.25wt. % of TiO2 nanoparticles (GT0.25E0.5) enhances the tensile and flexural strength by 30.8% and 55.9%, respectively compared with neat specimens. Furthermore, the tensile and flexural moduli increased by 62% and 72.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the mold filling time was investigated experimentally and validated numerically using ANSYS FLUENT software. The mold filling time prediction using ANSYS FLUENT can be used to avoid resin gelation before the incomplete mold filling and thus can be considered a cost-effective methodology. The results showed that the gaps around the fibers reduce the time by 178% without affecting the mechanical properties.

Designing Composites for Graceful Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Micheal ◽  
Yehia Bahei-El-Din ◽  
Mahmoud E. Abd El-Latief
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Effective Product

Abstract When inevitable, failure in composite laminates is preferred to occur gracefully to avoid loss of property and possibly life. While the inherent inhomogeneity leads to slow dissipation of damage-related energy, overall failure is fiber-dominated and occurs in a rather brittle manner. Multidirectional plies usually give a more ductile response. Additionally, stiffness and strength as well as cost are important factors to consider in designing composite laminates. It is hence desirable to optimize for high mechanical properties and low cost while keeping graceful failure. Designing composite laminates with hybrid systems and layups, which permit gradual damage energy dissipation, are two ways proposed in this work to optimize for mechanical properties while avoiding catastrophic failure. In the hybrid system design, combining the less expensive glass reinforced plies with carbon reinforced plies offers a cost-effective product, marginal mechanical properties change and ductile profile upon failure. Hybrid glass/carbon composite laminates subjected to three-point bending showed strain to failure which is double that measured for carbon composite specimens, without affecting the ultimate load. Energy dissipation mechanisms were also created by building laminates which were intentionally made discontinuous by introducing cuts in the fibers of the interior plies. This created a longer path for damage before cutting through the next ply resulting in double failure strain with marginal reduction in load. The effect of fiber discontinuity in terms of spacing and distribution are among the factors considered.

scholarly journals Reclaimed Carbon and Flax Fibre Composites: Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties

Recycling ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Longana ◽  
Vaclav Ondra ◽  
HaNa Yu ◽  
Kevin Potter ◽  
Ian Hamerton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Composites Manufacturing ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Vibrational Response ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Noise Vibration

The feasibility of using the HiPerDiF (high performance discontinuous fibre) method to manufacture highly aligned discontinuous fibres intermingled hybrid composites with flax and reclaimed carbon fibres (rCF), and the potential benefits of so doing, are investigated in this paper. It is demonstrated that, despite their hydrophilic nature, flax fibres are not affected by this water-based process. Intermingled flax/rCF hybrid composites are characterised in terms of their tensile and vibrational response. It is concluded that natural/rCF fibre hybrid composites can be a viable solution for those applications where a reduction in primary mechanical properties, e.g., stiffness and strength, is an acceptable trade-off for the enhancement of secondary properties, e.g., noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) mitigation, and the reduction of monetary costs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability on Banyan/Ramie Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
T. Raja ◽  
S. Ravi ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
Asif Afzal ◽  
B. Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Fabric Composite

The usage of natural fibers has increased recently. They are used to replace synthetic fiber products in aircraft and automobile industries. In this study, natural fibers of bidirectional banyan mat and ramie fabrics are used for reinforcement, and the matrix is an epoxy resin to fabricate composite laminates by traditional hand layup technique at atmospheric temperature mode. Five different sequences of reinforcements are as follows to quantify the effect of thermal stability and mechanical behavior of silane-treated and untreated hybrid composites. The results revealed that silane-treated fabric composite laminates were given enhanced mechanical properties of 7% tensile, 11% flexural, and 9% impact strength compared with untreated fabric composite, and at the same time when the increasing of ramie fabric was given the positive influence of 41% improved tensile strength of 40.7 MPa, 49% improved in flexural strength of 38.9 MPa and negative influence in 57% lower impact strength in sample E and positive value in sample A 21.12 J impact energy absorbed in the hybrid composite. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the thermal stability of the hybrid composite. In sample A, the thermal stability is more than in other samples, and 410°C is required to reduce the mass loss of 25%. The working mass condition of the hybrid composite is up to 3.25 g after it moves to degrade.

scholarly journals The role and impact of high throughput biomimetic measurements in drug discovery

ADMET & DMPK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenaz Bunally ◽  
Robert J Young
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Physicochemical Property ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Right

During the early phase of drug discovery, it is becoming increasingly important to acquire the full physicochemical profile of molecules. For this purpose, there is a strong interest in developing efficient and cost-effective platforms for fast and reliable measurements of physicochemical properties. We have developed an automated physchem platform which ensures that consistent, comprehensive, and high-quality physicochemical property measurements and derived property information for 100's of compounds per week are available alongside potency data at the right time to guide compound progression decisions. We discuss the routine assessments of biomimetic properties using high throughput automated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) platforms, with details of the methods and hardware employed, also with illustrations of the quality and impact of the data generated.

On the mechanical and morphological properties of highly performant composite laminates based on epoxy resin and oxidized ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 992-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Belgacemi ◽  
Mehdi Derradji ◽  
Abdelrazak Mouloud ◽  
Djalal Trache ◽  
Abdeldjalil Zegaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight ◽  
Uhmwpe Fibers

In this study, new high-performance composite laminates were prepared from epoxy resin and surface modified ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. The UHMWPE fibers underwent two types of chemical modifications, namely through chromic acid and potassium permanganate oxidations. The adopted chemical procedure aimed the grafting of polar groups on the outer surface of fibers for an improved chemical and physical compatibility with the polymeric matrix. The efficiency of the grafting methodology was confirmed by vibrational, thermal, and morphological analyses, and the grafting mechanism was thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, composite laminates were prepared to study the effects of chemical treatments on the mechanical and morphological properties of the resulting composites. The grafting techniques allowed consequent improvements in the tensile and bending properties, up to 34% and 23% for the tensile and flexural strengths, respectively. The study of the fractured surfaces confirmed the exceptional compatibility between the fillers and the polymeric matrix and further corroborated the mechanical findings. Finally, the adopted modification techniques can be regarded as cost-effective and highly suitable for the manufacturing of structural composites for advanced applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Plasma-Treatment of Interleaved Thermoplastic Films on Delamination in Interlayer Fibre Hybrid Composite Laminates

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2834
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giacomo Marino ◽  
Florian Mayer ◽  
Alexander Bismarck ◽  
Gergely Czél
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment ◽  
Engineering Structures

Safe, light, and high-performance engineering structures may be generated by adopting composite materials with stable damage process (i.e., without catastrophic delamination). Interlayer hybrid composites may fail stably by suppressing catastrophic interlayer delamination. This paper provides a detailed analysis of delamination occurring in poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) or polystyrene (PS) film interleaved carbon-glass/epoxy hybrid composites. The ABS films toughened the interfaces of the hybrid laminates, generating materials with higher mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC), delamination stress (σdel), and eliminating the stress drops observed in the reference baseline material, i.e., without interleaf films, during tensile tests. Furthermore, stable behaviour was achieved by treating the ABS films in oxygen plasma. The mechanical performance (GIIC and σdel) of hybrid composites containing PS films, were initially reduced but increased after oxygen plasma treatment. The plasma treatment introduced O-C=O and O-C-O-O functional groups on the PS surfaces, enabling better epoxy/PS interactions. Microscopy analysis provided evidence of the toughening mechanisms, i.e., crack deflection, leading plasma-treated PS to stabilise delamination.

Effect of Hybridization on Flexural Performance of Unidirectional and Bidirectional Composite Laminates under Ambient Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Getahun Aklilu ◽  
Sarp Adali ◽  
Glen Bright
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Flexural Performance

Abstract. Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) materials are widely used in several key engineering applications such as ships, aircraft, wind turbine blades, helicopter blade, automobiles, and other transportation vehicles because of their mechanical properties and tailoring capabilities.Carbon and glass fibres are the most popular fibre reinforcements used for composite components. In the present study, two different stacking sequences, (0 degrees) and (0/90 degrees), are selected to study effect of fibre hybridization on flexural performance using three-point bending tests. Materials used are E-glass and T-300 carbon fibres in an epoxy matrix and the laminates were produced by resin transfer moulding methods. Fracture surfaces of composite laminates were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the flexural strength, modulus and strain at failure of unidirectional and bidirectional composite laminates were strongly influenced by stacking sequences, fibre orientation and the hybrid ratio of the fibres. A higher flexural modulus was achieved when carbon fibres were placed on the compressive side. Hybrid specimens showed higher flexural strength and modulus by 21.08% and 145.39%, respectively, compared to the pure glass fibre reinforced laminates. On the other hand, flexural strength and modulus of hybrid specimen were less by 6.50% and 8.20%, respectively, as compared to carbon fibre reinforced specimens. Stacking sequences and hybrid ratio of glass/carbon fibre reinforced specimens were investigated with a view towards improving the mechanical properties of hybrid composites.

Low Velocity Impact Resistance of Hybrid Woven Glass Fiber-Carbon Fiber/Vinyl Ester Composite Laminates

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Zafarullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, for the purpose of achieving enhanced mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites, hybridized composites containing a combination of two or more types of fiber reinforcements have been explored. Perhaps the main parameter which controls the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites is the flexibility to arrange the hybrid fiber reinforcement layers in a variety of ways within the hybrid laminate. In this study, low velocity drop weight impact resistance of plain weave woven glass and carbon hybrid composites has been investigated. The study explores the effects of intra-ply arrangement sequence on the impact resistance of 24 and 32 ply laminates in which glass and the carbon plies have been differently stacked. The results show that impact resistance of woven glass fiber composites can be enhanced by hybridizing woven glass fabrics with woven carbon fabrics. The results indicate that the impact resistance is a function of the positions of the glass and carbon layers in the hybridized inter ply laminates.

scholarly journals Multi-objective optimization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with newly developed resin (NDR) using gray relational analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1729
Author(s):  
Sagar Dnyandev Patil ◽  
Yogesh J. Bhalerao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Gray Relational Analysis ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Design Variables

PurposeIt is seen that little amount of work on optimization of mechanical properties taking into consideration the combined effect of design variables such as stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates has been carried out. The focus of this research work is on the optimization of the design variables like stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates which affect the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. For this purpose, the Taguchi technique and the method of gray relational analysis (GRA) are used to identify the optimum combination of design variables. In this case, the effect of the abovementioned design variables, particularly of the newly developed resin (NDR) on mechanical properties of hybrid composites has been investigated.Design/methodology/approachThe Taguchi method is used for design of experiments and with gray relational grade (GRG) approach, the optimization is done.FindingsFrom the experimental analysis and optimization study, it was seen that the NDR gives excellent bonding strength of fibers resulting in enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates. With the GRA method, the initial setting (A3B2C4D2) was having GRG 0.866. It was increased by using a new optimum combination (A2B2C4D1) to 0.878. It means that there is an increment in the grade by 1.366%. Therefore, using the GRA approach of analysis, design variables have been successfully optimized to achieve enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates.Originality/valueThis is an original research work.

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