scholarly journals Electrophoretic Deposition of a Hybrid Graphene Oxide/Biomolecule Coating Facilitating Controllable Drug Loading and Release

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Jun-Sung Oh ◽  
Jun-Hwee Jang ◽  
Eun-Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metal Implants ◽  
Bone Differentiation ◽  
Substrate Drug ◽  
High Drug Loading

Two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) exhibits a high drug loading capacity per unit mass due to its unique structure and hydrophilicity and has been widely researched for drug-delivery systems. Here, we modified the surfaces of metal implants; we applied GO-based coatings that controlled drug loading and release. We used electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to apply the coatings at room temperature. The EPD coatings were analyzed in terms of their components, physical properties such as hardness and hydrophilicity, and in vitro cell tests of their biological properties. Uniform GO-EPD coatings improved surface hydrophilicity and hardness and greatly improved the bone differentiation properties of the metal substrate. Drug loading and release increased greatly compared to when the drug was adsorbed to only the surface of a coating. GO facilitated deposition of a drug-containing coating via EPD, and the surface modification, and drug loading and release, were controlled by the thickness of the coating.

scholarly journals Intravenous delivery of enzalutamide based on high drug loading multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticles for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Jiang ◽  
Jiyuan Chen ◽  
Chunai Gong ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
High Drug Loading

Abstract Background: Enzalutamide (Enz) has shown limited bioavailability via oral administration. It is easy for patients to develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to resistance to 18-24 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Moreover, it is hard to delivery Enz in vivo for low drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE).Therefore, we developed a multifunctional enzalutamide-loaded graphene oxide nanosystem (TP-GQDss/Enz) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) intravenous treatment, with high drug loading efficiency.Methods: Aminated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were first cross-linked via disulfide bonds into a graphene quantum dot derivative of approximately 200 nm (GQDss), which was further functionalized with a tumour-targeting peptide and PEG to form TP-GQDss. Enz was loaded into TP-GQDss for in vitro and in vivo study.Results: The results showed that high drug-loading efficiency was achieved by TP-GQDss via π-π electron interaction. TP-GQDss could be rapidly internalized by CRPC cells via endocytosis. Moreover, Enz in TP-GQDss could promote the inhibition of cell growth in vitro against CRPC cells. Further, TP-GQDss exhibited an enhanced cancer-targeting ability and alleviated the side effects of Enz in vivo. Conclusions: The multifunctional nanocarrier constructed here could accomplish controlled Enz release and serve as an intravenous therapy platform for CRPC.

scholarly journals Intravenous delivery of enzalutamide based on high drug loading multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticles for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Jiang ◽  
Jiyuan Chen ◽  
Chunai Gong ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Drug Loading Efficiency ◽  
High Drug Loading

Abstract Background: Enzalutamide (Enz) has shown limited bioavailability via oral administration and is easy for patients to develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to resistance to 18-24 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Moreover, it is hard to delivery Enz for low drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). Therefore, we developed a multifunctional enzalutamide-loaded graphene oxide nanosystem (TP-GQDss/Enz) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) intravenous treatment, with high drug loading efficiency and good biocompatibility.Methods: Aminated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were first cross-linked via a disulfide bond into a graphene quantum dot derivative of approximately 200 nm (GQDss), which was further functionalized with a tumour-targeting peptide and PEG to form TP-GQDss. Enz was loaded into TP-GQDss for in vitro and in vivo study.Results: The results showed that high drug-loading efficiency was achieved by TP-GQDss via π-π electron interaction. TP-GQDss could be rapidly internalized by CRPC cells via endocytosis. Moreover, Enz in TP-GQDss could promote the inhibition of cell growth in vitro against CRPC cells, while TP-GQDss alone did not show any obvious cytotoxicity on CRPC cells after 24 h of incubation. Further, TP-GQDss exhibited an enhanced cancer-targeting ability and alleviated the side effects of Enz in vivo. Conclusions: The multifunctional nanocarrier constructed here could accomplish controlled Enz release and serve as a intravenous therapy platform for CRPC.

scholarly journals Development of Spanish Broom and Flax Dressings with Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Loaded Films for Wound Healing: Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Properties

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Angela Abruzzo ◽  
Concettina Cappadone ◽  
Valentina Sallustio ◽  
Giovanna Picone ◽  
Martina Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Biological Studies

The selection of an appropriate dressing for each type of wound is a very important procedure for a faster and more accurate healing process. So, the aim of this study was to develop innovative Spanish Broom and flax wound dressings, as alternatives to cotton used as control, with polymeric films containing glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) to promote wound-exudate absorption and the healing process. The different wound dressings were prepared by a solvent casting method, and characterized in terms of drug loading, water uptake, and in vitro release. Moreover, biological studies were performed to evaluate their biocompatibility and wound-healing efficacy. Comparing the developed wound dressings, Spanish Broom dressings with GA-loaded sodium hyaluronate film had the best functional properties, in terms of hydration ability and GA release. Moreover, they showed a good biocompatibility, determining a moderate induction of cell proliferation and no cytotoxicity. In addition, the wound-healing test revealed that the Spanish Broom dressings promoted cell migration, further facilitating the closure of the wound.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide Oxygen Content Affects Physical and Biological Properties of Scaffolds Based on Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Conjugates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Francolini ◽  
Elena Perugini ◽  
Ilaria Silvestro ◽  
Mariangela Lopreiato ◽  
Anna Scotto d’Abusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

Tissue engineering is a highly interdisciplinary field of medicine aiming at regenerating damaged tissues by combining cells with porous scaffolds materials. Scaffolds are templates for tissue regeneration and should ensure suitable cell adhesion and mechanical stability throughout the application period. Chitosan (CS) is a biocompatible polymer highly investigated for scaffold preparation but suffers from poor mechanical strength. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was conjugated to chitosan at two weight ratios 0.3% and 1%, and the resulting conjugates were used to prepare composite scaffolds with improved mechanical strength. To study the effect of GO oxidation degree on scaffold mechanical and biological properties, GO samples at two different oxygen contents were employed. The obtained GO/CS scaffolds were highly porous and showed good swelling in water, though to a lesser extent than pure CS scaffold. In contrast, GO increased scaffold thermal stability and mechanical strength with respect to pure CS, especially when the GO at low oxygen content was used. The scaffold in vitro cytocompatibility using human primary dermal fibroblasts was also affected by the type of used GO. Specifically, the GO with less content of oxygen provided the scaffold with the best biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Gradient Chitosan Hydrogels Modified with Graphene Derivatives and Hydroxyapatite: Physiochemical Properties and Initial Cytocompatibility Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4888
Author(s):  
Karolina Kosowska ◽  
Patrycja Domalik-Pyzik ◽  
Małgorzata Sekuła-Stryjewska ◽  
Sylwia Noga ◽  
Joanna Jagiełło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chitosan Matrix ◽  
Graphene Derivatives

In this study, we investigated preparation of gradient chitosan-matrix hydrogels through a novel freezing–gelling–thawing method. The influence of three types of graphene family materials (GFM), i.e., graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and poly(ethylene glycol) grafted graphene oxide (GO-PEG), as well as hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the physicochemical and biological properties of the composite hydrogels was examined in view of their potential applicability as tissue engineering scaffolds. The substrates and the hydrogel samples were thoroughly characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, digital and scanning electron microscopy, rheological and mechanical analysis, in vitro chemical stability and bioactivity assays, as well as initial cytocompatibility evaluation with human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). We followed the green-chemistry approach and avoided toxic cross-linking agents, using instead specific interactions of our polymer matrix with tannic acid, non-toxic physical cross-linker, and graphene derivatives. It was shown that the most promising are the gradient hydrogels modified with GO-PEG and HAp.

scholarly journals Biological Properties of Ti-Nb-Zr-O Nanostructures Grown on Ti35Nb5Zr Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Li ◽  
Congqin Ning ◽  
Dongyan Ding ◽  
Hegang Liu ◽  
Lin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Implant Alloys

Surface modification of low modulus implant alloys with oxide nanostructures is one of the important ways to achieve favorable biological behaviors. In the present work, amorphous Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures were grown on a peak-aged Ti35Nb5Zr alloy through anodization. Biological properties of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures were investigated throughin vitrobioactivity testings, stem cell interactions, and drug release experiments. The Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures demonstrated a good capability of inducing apatite formation after immersion in simulated body fluids (SBFs). Drug delivery experiment based on gentamicin and the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures indicated that a high drug loading content could result in a prolonged release process and a higher quantity of drug residues in the oxide nanostructures after drug release. Quick stem cell adhesion and spreading, as well as fast formation of extracellular matrix materials on the surfaces of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures, were found. These findings make it possible to further explore the biomedical applications of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructure modified alloys especially clinical operation of orthopaedics by utilizing the nanostructures-based drug-release system.

scholarly journals Enamel Anti-Demineralization Effect of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Bioactive Glass and Graphene Oxide: an in-Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Lee ◽  
Kyung-Hyeon Yoo ◽  
Seog-Young Yoon ◽  
In-Ryoung Kim ◽  
Bong-Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Base Solution

White spot lesions (WSLs), a side effect of orthodontic treatment, can result in reversible and unaesthetic results. Graphene oxide (GO) with a bioactive glass (BAG) mixture(BAG@GO) was added to Low Viscosity Transbond XT(LV) in a ratio of 1, 3, 5%. The composite’s characterization and its physical and biological properties were verified with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD); its microhardness, shear bond stress (SBS), cell viability, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were also assessed. Efficiency in reducing WSL was evaluated using antibacterial activity of S. mutans. Anti-demineralization was analyzed using a cycle of the acid-base solution. Adhesives with 3 or 5 wt.% of BAG@GO showed significant increase in microhardness compared with LV. The sample and LV groups showed no significant differences in SBS or ARI. The cell viability test confirmed that none of the sample groups showed higher toxicity compared to the LV group. Antibacterial activity was higher in the 48-hour group than in the 24-hour group; the 48-hour test showed that BAG@GO had a high antibacterial effect, which was more pronounced in 5 wt.% of BAG@GO. Anti-demineralization effect was higher in the BAG@GO-group than in the LV-group; the higher the BAG@GO concentration, the higher the anti-demineralization effect.

scholarly journals A Micellar Mitotane Formulation with High Drug Loading and Solubility: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies in 2D and 3D in Vitro Tumor Models.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Salman Haider ◽  
Jochen Schreiner ◽  
Sabine Kendl ◽  
Matthias Kroiß ◽  
Robert Luxenhofer
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
High Drug Loading

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor and prognosis is overall poor but heterogeneous. Mitotane (MT) has been used for treatment of ACC for decades, either alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Even at doses up to 6 g per day, more than half of the patients do not achieve targeted plasma concentration (14-20 mg/L) even after many months of treatment which is caused by low water solubility and unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties such as poor bioavailability and high volume of distribution of MT. The clinical need and previously reported extraordinary high drug loading of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (A-pBuOx-A) based micelles for paclitaxel (PTX), led us to develop MT loaded micelles which may enable an injectable formulation. We successfully solubilized up to 6 g/L of MT in an aqueous formulation. The MT loaded nanoformulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray<br> <p>diffraction (XRD), confirmed the amorphous nature of drug in the formulations. The polymer itself did not show cytotoxicity in adrenal and liver cell lines. By using the ACC model cell line NCI-H295 both in monolayers and tumor cell spheroids, we demonstrated micellar MT to exhibit comparable efficacy to its ethanol solution. We postulate that this formulation would be suitable for i.v. application and more rapid attainment of therapeutic plasma concentrations. In conclusion, we consider our micellar formulation a promising tool to alleviate major drawbacks of current MT treatment while retaining bioactivity towards ACC in vitro.</p>

Preparation and In Vitro Cellular Uptake Assessment of Multifunctional Rubik-Like Magnetic Nano-Assemblies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 3301-3309
Author(s):  
Xiawen Zheng ◽  
Yuejian Chen ◽  
Zhiming Wang ◽  
Lina Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
High Drug ◽  
High Drug Loading

Through self-assembly of nanoparticles into high-order and stable structures of cubic clusters, high drug-loading rubik-like magnetic nano-assemblies (MNAs), possessing folic acid targeting and strong magnetism-enhanced cellular uptake capabilities, were built. In this study, the core of the cubic drug assemblies consisted of four monodisperse superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with layers of oleic acid (Fe3O4@OA), simultaneously encapsulating fluorescein, and Paclitaxol (Flu-MNAs and PTX-MNAs) for imaging and therapeutic applications. To enable preferential tumor cellular uptake by the nanocarriers, the outermost layer of Fe3O4 was functionalized with the new dual-oleic acid-polyethylene glycol-folic acid polymer (FA-PEG-Lys-OA2) as a “shell.” The drug carriers exhibited excellent stability and biocompatibility, and showed high drug loading and excellent magnetic response In Vitro. Furthermore, preliminary evaluations of the drug carriers with Hela cells showed effective cellular targeting capability. In addition, the cubic assemblies enhanced anticancer efficiency for Hela cells compared to bare drugs. Especially, the applied external magnetic field further improved the uptake of the vectors, and thereby enhanced the inhibitory effect. In brief, all these results suggested that cubic assemblies could serve as potential strategies for targeted anticancer therapies.

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