scholarly journals How Ceramides Orchestrate Cardiometabolic Health—An Ode to Physically Active Living

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Justin Carrard ◽  
Hector Gallart-Ayala ◽  
Nadia Weber ◽  
Flora Colledge ◽  
Lukas Streese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Phenotyping ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Ceramide Content ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) represent a growing socioeconomic burden and concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Improving patients’ metabolic phenotyping in clinical practice will enable clinicians to better tailor prevention and treatment strategy to individual needs. Recently, elevated levels of specific lipid species, known as ceramides, were shown to predict cardiometabolic outcomes beyond traditional biomarkers such as cholesterol. Preliminary data showed that physical activity, a potent, low-cost, and patient-empowering means to reduce CMD-related burden, influences ceramide levels. While a single bout of physical exercise increases circulating and muscular ceramide levels, regular exercise reduces ceramide content. Additionally, several ceramide species have been reported to be negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, which is a potent health marker reflecting training level. Thus, regular exercise could optimize cardiometabolic health, partly by reversing altered ceramide profiles. This short review provides an overview of ceramide metabolism and its role in cardiometabolic health and diseases, before presenting the effects of exercise on ceramides in humans.

Carbon Dioxide as a Carbon Resource – Recent Trends and Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 961-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hölscher ◽  
Christoph Gürtler ◽  
Wilhelm Keim ◽  
Thomas E. Müller ◽  
Martina Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
High Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Recent Trends

With the growing perception of industrialized societies that fossil raw materials are limited resources, academic chemical research and chemical industry have started to introduce novel catalytic technologies which aim at the development of economically competitive processes relying much more strongly on the use of alternative carbon feedstocks. Great interest is given world-wide to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it is part of the global carbon cycle, nontoxic, easily available in sufficient quantities anywhere in the industrialized world, and can be managed technically with ease, and at low cost. In principle carbon dioxide can be used to generate a large variety of synthetic products ranging from bulk chemicals like methanol and formic acid, through polymeric materials, to fine chemicals like aromatic acids useful in the pharmaceutical industry. Owing to the high thermodynamic stability of CO2, the energy constraints of chemical reactions have to be carefully analyzed to select promising processes. Furthermore, the high kinetic barriers for incorporation of CO2 into C-H or C-C bond forming reactions require that any novel transformation of CO2 must inevitably be associated with a novel catalytic technology. This short review comprises a selection of the most recent academic and industrial research developments mainly with regard to innovations in CO2 chemistry in the field of homogeneous catalysis and processes.

An Examination of Intramural College Students’ Exercise Motives and How They Relate to Body Mass Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elenna R. Cowen ◽  
Eric Wiedenman ◽  
Megan Adkins ◽  
Kazuma Akehi ◽  
James W. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Motivational Constructs ◽  
Exercise Motives ◽  
Health And Well Being

Students that participate in recreational sports and regular exercise are more likely to continueto be physically active. Thee purpose of this cross-sectional study design was to examine differentiatingmotives among participants and how motivation constructs relate to body composition.College students(n=403) were surveyed using the EMI-2 to determine motivational constructs in relation to body com-position. Standardized coefficients indicate that Appearance (β=-0.242, p=0.001), Health Pressures (β=0.208, p=0.05), and Weight Management ( β=0.332, p=0.001) have a statistically signi cant in uenceon intramural participants’ BMIs. This study is useful for promoting, designing, and implementing futurehealth programs for young adults.Creating diversity in activities encourages additional populations toparticipate in physical activity opportunities, thus improving overall health and well-being.

scholarly journals Removal of Orange G Dye from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption: A Short Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Orange G

Adsorption is a widely used technique for wastewater remediation. The process is effective and economical for the removal of various pollutants from wastewater, including dyes. Moreover, Besides commercial activated carbon, different low-cost materials such as agricultural and industrial wastes are now used as adsorbents. The present review focused on the removal of a teratogenic and carcinogenic dye, orange G (OG) via adsorption using several adsorbents, together with the experimental conditions and their adsorption capacities. Based on the information compiled, various adsorbents have shown promising potential for OG removal.

scholarly journals The validity and reliability of a novel mobile app to measure agility performance in the physically active youth population

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Juan A. Escobar-Alvarez ◽  
Rocio Carrasco ◽  
Pedro R. Olivares ◽  
Sebastián Feu ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Velez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Agility is a key component of physical fitness in adolescents. However, the measurement of this variable is usually complex, requiring high cost instruments and complex software. To test the validity and reliability of a novel iPhone app (Lap Tracker Auto-timer) to measure agility performance among adolescents. Twenty-four physically active adolescents (15.7 ± 2.3 years old) participated in two testing sessions (separated by 7 days). They performed three 4 x 10 m agility test trials measured by Photocell or the iPhone app. The correlation analysis revealed high validity (r = .92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .88 – .95), with a standard error of the estimate of 0.56 s (p < 0.001). The coefficient of variation (CV; 0.09) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; .93; 95% CI = .85 – .97) showed an acceptable reliability. This study demonstrated that the iPhone App Lap Tracker Auto-timer could be a valid, reliable and low-cost tool to evaluate agility performance in adolescents. However, more studies are required to guarantee the utility of this app.

Different responses of apoptotic, inflammatory and heat shock protein gene expression to a single bout of high intensity interval exercise between physically active and inactive men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Arzu Vardar ◽  
Zeynep Banu Doğanlar ◽  
Oktay Kaya ◽  
Pınar Tayfur ◽  
Necdet Sut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hsp70 Mrna ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High mechanical load of muscles may induce muscular apoptosis on the one hand and adaptation to exercise on the other. This study aimed to explore whether changes of circulatory levels of inflammation, apoptosis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) mRNA following single bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) differs between physically active (PA) and inactive (PI) men. Nine PA and nine PI (peak VO2 2.6±0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.2 L.min-1) healthy men (age: 28.7+/-6.3 vs. 30.2+/-4.5 years and BMI: 2.6±2.1 vs. 23.3±2.8 kg.m-2) performed HIIE comprising 4 repeats of a Wingate test (load:0.050 kg.kg-1 body weight). Blood samples were collected before exercise, 5 min and 24 h after HIIE for measuring mRNA of inflammation markers IL6 and TNFα, apoptosis markers including Bcl-2, Bax, and HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Post-HIIE IL6, TNFα and HSP60 were higher in the PI than the PA group 5 min after exercise (p=0.003, ES=1.59; p=0.007, ES=1.59 and p=0.027, ES=1.10 respectively). HSP70 acutely increased only in the PA group (p=0.024, ES=1.20). The increase in Bcl-2 (p=0.047, ES=1.08) and Bax (p=0.024, ES=1.20) levels were higher in the PI group 5 min after HIIE. The present study indicated that the response of inflammatory, apoptosis and HSP gene expressions to HIIE in blood of healthy male volunteers strongly depends on their level of regular physical activity. Novelty • Blood IL-6 and HSP60 mRNA levels following high intensity exercise may indicate metabolic stress. • Increased blood HSP70 mRNA in physically active men may show an alternative apoptosis suppression pathway.

scholarly journals Low-cost exercise interventions improve long-term cardiometabolic health independently of a family history of type 2 diabetes: a randomized parallel group trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001377
Author(s):  
Niko S Wasenius ◽  
Bo A Isomaa ◽  
Bjarne Östman ◽  
Johan Söderström ◽  
Björn Forsén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
History Of

IntroductionTo investigate the effect of an exercise prescription and a 1-year supervised exercise intervention, and the modifying effect of the family history of type 2 diabetes (FH), on long-term cardiometabolic health.Research design and methodsFor this prospective randomized trial, we recruited non-diabetic participants with poor fitness (n=1072, 30–70 years). Participants were randomly assigned with stratification for FH either in the exercise prescription group (PG, n=144) or the supervised exercise group (EG, n=146) group and compared with a matched control group from the same population study (CON, n=782). The PG and EG received exercise prescriptions. In addition, the EG attended supervised exercise sessions two times a week for 60 min for 12 months. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline, 1 year, 5 years, and 6 years. The CON group received no intervention and was measured at baseline and 6 years.ResultsThe EG reduced their body weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) but not physical fitness (p=0.074) or insulin or glucose regulation (p>0.1) compared with the PG at 1 year and 5 years (p≤0.011). The observed differences were attenuated at 6 years; however, participants in the both intervention groups significantly improved their blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity compared with the population controls (p≤0.003). FH modified LDL-C and waist circumference responses to exercise at 1 year and 5 years.ConclusionsLow-cost physical activity programs have long-term beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health regardless of the FH of diabetes. Given the feasibility and low cost of these programs, they should be advocated to promote cardiometabolic health.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02131701.

scholarly journals Stereological tools in biomedical research

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Mandarim-de-Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Present Text

Stereological studies are more and more frequent in literature, particularly in the development/evolution, pathology, and neurosciences areas. The stereology challenge is to understand the structural inner threedimensional arrangement based on the analysis of the structure slices only showing two-dimensional information. Cavalieri and Scherle's methods to estimate volume, and Buffon's needle problem, are commented in the stereological context. A group of actions is needed to appropriately quantify morphological structures (unbiased and reproducibly), e.g. sampling, isotropic and uniform randomly sections (Delesse's principle), and updated stereological tools (disector, fractionator, nucleator, etc). Through the correct stereology use, a quantitative study with little effort could be performed: efficiency in stereology means a minimum slices sample counting (little work), low cost (slices preparation), but good accuracy. In the present text, a short review of the main stereological tools is done as a background basis to non-expert scientists.

scholarly journals Healthy-Canteen Displays: A Tactic to Encourage Community Sport Canteens to Provide Healthier Food and Beverage Options

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10194
Author(s):  
Gina Trakman ◽  
Kiera Staley ◽  
Adrienne Forsyth ◽  
Brooke Devlin ◽  
Anne Skiadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Community Sport ◽  
Trade Show ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Community sport settings present a range of conflicting health behaviours, including the tension between being physically active and consuming discretionary foods. Therefore, community sport settings are considered a promising location for health promotion. The aim of this project was to evaluate perceptions, knowledge and the impact (e.g., barriers and outcomes) of a healthy-canteen (cafeteria) display, based on traffic light labeling (TLL), which was set up at an Australian Basketball Association Managers’ Convention and Trade Show. (2) Methods: We set up a healthy ‘canteen display and surveyed Basketball managers on their perceptions of the display before (Survey 1) and after (Survey 2) visiting the display. Three months later they were surveyed (Survey 3) on changes made to their community sport canteens. (3) Results: Eighty-eight, 76 and 22 participants completed Surveys 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Participants believed stocking healthy foods and beverages was important (mean 8.5/10). Food waste, lack of consumer interest and price were identified barriers to stocking healthy foods. After visiting the display, 75% were inspired to make changes and 50% were surprised by the differences between their perceptions of the healthfulness of foods and the TLL ratings. Post-convention, 41% and 70% made or had planned healthy changes to their community sport canteen. (4) Conclusions: A healthy-canteen display is a low-cost, easy-to-implement strategy that may be able to direct self-driven improvement in the healthfulness of foods stocked at community canteens and lead to improved nutritional intakes at these venues.

scholarly journals Comparing and contrasting responses to tobacco control and obesity policies: a qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Juszczyk ◽  
Fiona Gillison
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Tobacco Policies ◽  
Cost Of Energy

AbstractObjectiveTo explore people’s perceptions of, and responses to, obesity and tobacco policies with a particular focus on motivation; and to compare and contrast responses to explore the potential for translating learning across domains.DesignA theoretically informed comparative qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants (smokers and ex-smokers; those who have previously or are currently attempting to lose weight). Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis and interpreted through the lens of Self-Determination Theory.SettingCommunity-based.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with five smokers and four ex-smokers around tobacco policy, and seventeen people acting to control their weight around obesity policy.ResultsThree primary themes were identified. (i) Participants believed social norms to be crucial to supporting health behaviour change and responses to policy; not smoking was perceived as socially normal, whereas being physically active and eating healthily were perceived to go against social norms. (ii) Policies influencing the physical environment were perceived to support stopping smoking (e.g. smoke-free laws, advertising bans), but to undermine attempts to lose or control weight (e.g. high visibility, availability and low cost of energy-dense foods). (iii) While policies for both domains were considered necessary and legitimate, both groups found policy interventions neither motivating nor undermining of their sense of autonomy.ConclusionsThe results suggest those trying to lose weight respond similarly to obesity-related policy as smokers do to tobacco policy. Environmental interventions are perceived to be more helpful than appealing to people’s motivation to change for their own sake.

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