scholarly journals Analyzing Stability Conditions and Ore Dilution in Open Stope Mining

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
Andreas Delentas ◽  
Andreas Benardos ◽  
Pavlos Nomikos
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Graph

Ore dilution is a fundamental problem for the production process in underground mining operations. Especially in open stoping methods of underground mining, the continuous estimation, monitoring and treatment of instability issues is considered necessary in order to maintain the consistency of the production process. This paper aims to combine empirical nomograms of stability estimation and numerical approaches and thus link the extensive experiences of the empirical design and the quantitative data derived by numerical analyses. To facilitate this, a large number of different geomechanical conditions were modeled and analyzed in the pursuit of obtaining valid and applicable relationships between the empirical stability graphs’ approaches and the numerical simulation models. The parametric analysis was made to express the stability conditions and the dilution with specific design characteristics, using prevalent stability-graph approaches while the numerical models were tested using the RS2 software package. The obtained results include direct and easy-to-use mathematical expressions that can be applied during the initial design of the stoping process, especially for the case of sidewalls (hanging walls and foot walls). Furthermore, through the research, an initial proposal is made for a dilution-based stability graph that could be utilized for the early identification of dilution.

scholarly journals Ensuring the sustainability of the motorway subgrade in the zones of underground mining operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 01041
Author(s):  
Yuliia Balashova ◽  
Viktor Demianenko ◽  
Nataliia Tkach ◽  
Hennadii Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Variational Method ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Local Curvature ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
The Stability

The article describes a variational method for calculating the motorway subgrade stability. The application of this method allows to quickly and accurately determine the most dangerous sliding surface with a minimum coefficient of stability. The purpose of the article is to improve the variational method for calculating the motorway subgrade stability. The article proposes to apply this method in the calculation of the transport earthwork structures, located in the area of mining operations, where there is a danger of failed subsidence. Underground mining operations have a significant impact on the vertical bent curves of a motorway, that leads to the modification of the subgrade geometric dimensions in the negative direction. This is the cause of sharp fluctuations in the values of local curvature and the radii of vertical curves. The use of variational method for calculating the motorway subgrade stability will allow to take into account the velocity of the saturated soil mass movement and the change in the geometric parameters caused by the underground mining operations. The advantages of this method include the possibility to consider the efforts from geosynthetic materials, recommended to use for strengthening the basement and slopes of the subgrade, the rheological properties of the soil, and the load from the vehicle moving along the surface. In the process of research, regulatory documents on the calculation of the stability of road structures reinforced with geosynthetic materials were studied. The identified shortcomings of the existing regulatory documents allowed to conclude that it is necessary to consider the velocity of the saturated soil mass movement caused by the underground mining operations when calculating the stability coefficient of soil structures.

scholarly journals Automatic closed-loop scheduling in underground mining using discrete event simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Skawina ◽  
M. Astrand ◽  
F. Sundqvist ◽  
J. Greberg ◽  
A. Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event Simulation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Loop Scheduling ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Scheduling System ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
Mine Scheduling

SYNOPSIS Today's mining operations require fast reporting and rapid rescheduling based on updated information. An automatic mine scheduling system could not only quickly reschedule but also propose alternative solutions. To avoid the financial and physical risks associated with testing such a system directly in operation, it could be first evaluated via discrete event simulation models. This would offer a safe environment to evaluate different operating rules and algorithms. In this study, this is achieved by integrating automatic scheduling software with a discrete event simulation model. Keywords: discrete event simulation; production planning; scheduling system; underground mining.

scholarly journals Linking Stability Conditions and Ore Dilution in Open Stope Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Andreas Delentas ◽  
Andreas Benardos ◽  
Pavlos Nomikos
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Graph ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Key Parameter

The estimation of the stability conditions, over-breaks, and spalling failures, which could inflict potential external dilution, is a key parameter so as to ensure the optimal design of the exploitation and its cost effectiveness The research undertaken aims at correlating established empirical approaches for the estimation of the stability condition with numerical analysis that identifies and measures the depth of failure. A number of analyses have been conducted and the results obtained yield promising results that can be transformed to direct mathematical expressions applied for the early estimation of dilution rates. Furthermore, through the research, an initial proposal is made for a dilution-based stability graph that could be utilized for the early identification of dilution.

scholarly journals The influence of extensive caving zones on the state and behavior of the surface as a result of underground mining works

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Evgeny Fedorov ◽  
Khaini-Kamal Kassymkanova ◽  
Gulnar Jangulova ◽  
Natalia Miletenko
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
The State ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Applied Development ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior

The article discusses the features of the development of the Donskoy chromite deposit and the improvement of the applied development system with self-caving of ore. For a system with self-destruction of ore, as well as for other similar systems, the weakest point is mining under the collapsed massif, which largely affects the stability of mine workings, their safety for the entire period of stope excavation, the effect of extensive zones of collapse on the state and behavior surface. This problem is one of the most important and urgent, especially with the transition of mining operations to deeper horizons, where the technological features of the mine field are significantly complicated. Therefore, the formation of extensive zones of collapsed rocks in the process of stope excavation leads to the development of negative processes for the formation of extremely high loads on the support of mine workings, and in certain geotechnical situations, the collapse zones affect the state of the day surface, where subsidence is possible up to the formation of craters. All this can lead to disastrous consequences, both in mine conditions and on the surface. The study of the formation of caving zones during the development of ore deposits is an urgent task.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Stability Conditions as an Eigenvalues Fundamental Problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Nogueira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Quadratic Forms ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical Laws

Quadratic forms diagonalization methods can be used in addressing the stability of physical systems. Thermodynamic stability conditions appears as an eigenvalues fundamental problem, in particular when postulational approaches is taken. The second-order derivatives or appropriate relations between such derivatives of the energy, entropy or any considered thermodynamic potential, as Helmholtz, enthalpy and Gibbs, have interesting mathematical features that directly imply in the physical stability, obtained by use and as consequence of analytical techniques. Formal aspects on the thermal and mechanical stability become simple consequences, but no less formal, of the superposition of rigorously established physical laws, and appropriate applications of mathematical techniques.

scholarly journals Multiattribute prediction of terrain stability above underground mining operations

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Vujic ◽  
Igor Miljanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Milutinovic ◽  
Dragan Djordjevic ◽  
Nebojsa Gojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Rock Massif ◽  
Stability Prediction ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
The Stability

This paper is dedicated to the problem of stability prediction of the terrain above underground mining operations. After the initial introduction to the problem, then the short analysis of the model approaches used to solve it, and giving the algorithm for rock massif stability prediction, we describe the concept of the multiattirbute terrain stability prediction method. The application of the multiattribute prediction method for stability of the terrain above underground mining operations is presented on the example of the Brown Coal Mine Aleksinac. The used method is original, essentially different from the other methods of mathematical modeling, because its prognosis of the rock massif stability under the influence of underground mining operations is based on the balance of the stability indicators. Our comparative analysis of the results obtained by multiattribute prediction and the data obtained by measurements of real deformations and terrain settling in multiple mines shows high mutual correlation, with an average deviation of less than ?10%. These results are confirmed entirely on the example of the Brown Coal Mine Aleksinac.

scholarly journals Particularities of solving the problem of sustainable development of chromite underground mining at deep horizons by means of combined geotechnology

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
David Kaplunov ◽  
Dosanbay Bekbergenov ◽  
Gulnar Djangulova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Combined Geotechnology ◽  
Horizontal Layers

The paper covers the particularities of development of Don chromite field and improvement of applied technologies of underground mining using uncontrolled caving. The weakest point of the technology of uncontrolled caving and any other similar structures is mining operations under the caved mass that considerably affects the stability of mine workings and their safety during the whole period of stoping. This issue is one of the most important and urgent, especially at the transition of mining operations to deeper levels where technological particularities of the minefield are getting more complicated. Therefore, the Project Development and Substantiation of Parameters of Combined Geotechnology for Safe and Sustainable Development of Chromite Mineral Resource Mining for underground mining will be a new technological solution ensuring the replacement of exhausted mineral resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of transition of mining operations to deeper levels. Further development at the combined and sequential underground mining operations using the system of uncontrolled caving and the system of horizontal layers with stowing is essential.

Model studies on the stability of confined fills

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Gravitational Stress ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
The Stability

Stabilized backfills are used extensively for ground control in most bulk underground mining operations. The stability of the fill face during pillar ore removal is of prime concern and has been the subject of considerable research because of many factors, including the effects of wall interaction and the high costs of stabilization. Centrifuge modelling data presented in this paper clearly show that fill confined between sloped walls, which is the most common prototype condition, is much more stable than fill between vertical rock walls, a condition previously studied. This study also shows that wall roughness contributes substantially to the fill stability and that current design criteria are quite conservative. Data from stress transducers, mounted on centrifuge strongboxes to monitor stress changes on the fill boundaries during gravitational stress simulations, show that fill arching and wall shear effects are responsible for the improved stability of confined fills. Key words: mine backfill, stability, lateral stresses, arching, centrifuge model, fill geometry.

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study on The Implementation of Neural Network Classifiers for Open Stope Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amoussou Coffi Adoko ◽  
Festus Saadaari ◽  
Daniel Mireku-Gyimah ◽  
Askar Imashev
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Graph Method ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Neural Network Classifiers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Graph ◽  
Stope Design

AbstractAssessing the stability of stopes is essential in open stope mine design as unstable hangingwalls and footwalls lead to sloughing, unplanned stope dilution, and safety concerns compromising the profitability of the mine. Over the past few decades, numerous empirical tools have been developed to dimension open stope in connection with its stability, using the stability graph method. However, one of the principal limitations of the stability graph method is to objectively determine the boundary of the stability zones, and gain a clear probabilistic interpretation of the graph. To overcome this issue, this paper aims to explore the feasibility of artificial neural network (ANN) based classifiers for the design of open stopes. A stope stability database was compiled and included the stope dimensions, rock mass properties, and the stope stability conditions. The main parameters included the modified stability number (N’), and the stope stability conditions (stable, unstable, and failed), and hydraulic radius (HR). A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) classifier containing two hidden layers (110 neurons each) was employed to identify the stope stability conditions. Overall, the outcome of the analysis showed good agreement with the field data; most stope surfaces were correctly predicted with an average accuracy of 91%. This shows an improvement over using the existing stability graph method. In addition, for a better interpretation of the results, the associated probability of occurrence of stable, unstable, or caved stope was determined and shown in iso-probability contour charts which were compared with the stability graph. The proposed FFNN-based classifier outperformed the conventional stability graph method in terms of accuracy and better prabablistic interpretation. It is suggested that the classifier could be a reliable tool that can complement the conventional stability graph for the design of open stopes.

Statistical Management of Food Production Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
N.A. Jurk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Control Chart ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Shewhart Control ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Mnemonic Technique ◽  
The Stability

The article presents scientific research in the field of statistical controllability of the food production process using the example of bakery products for a certain time interval using statistical methods of quality management. During quality control of finished products, defects in bakery products were identified, while the initial data were recorded in the developed form of a checklist for registering defects. It has been established that the most common defect is packaging leakage. For the subsequent statistical assessment of the stability of the production process and further analysis of the causes of the identified defect, a Shewhart control chart (p-card by an alternative feature) was used, which allows you to control the quality of manufactured products by the number of defects detected. Analyzing the control chart, it was concluded that studied process is conditionally stable, and the emerging defects are random. At the last stage of the research, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique, in order to identify the most significant causes that affect the occurrence of the considered defect in bakery products. A more detailed study will allow the enterprise to produce food products that meet the established requirements.

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