scholarly journals Significantly Elevated Levels of Plasma Nicotinamide, Pyridoxal, and Pyridoxamine Phosphate Levels in Obese Emirati Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Ghada Rashad Ibrahim ◽  
Iltaf Shah ◽  
Salah Gariballa ◽  
Javed Yasin ◽  
James Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Ethnically Isolated

Water-soluble vitamins like B3 (nicotinamide), B6 (pyridoxine), and B9 (folic acid) are of utmost importance in human health and disease, as they are involved in numerous critical metabolic reactions. Not surprisingly, deficiencies of these vitamins have been linked to various disease states. Unfortunately, not much is known about the physiological levels of B6 vitamers and vitamin B3 in an ethnically isolated group (such as an Emirati population), as well as their relationship with obesity. The aim of the present study was to quantify various B6 vitamers, as well as B3, in the plasma of obese and healthy Emirati populations and to examine their correlation with obesity. A sensitive and robust HPLC-MS/MS-based method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of five physiologically relevant forms of vitamin B6, namely pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine phosphate, and pyridoxal phosphate, as well as nicotinamide, in human plasma. This method was used to quantify the concentrations of these vitamers in the plasma of 57 healthy and 57 obese Emirati volunteers. Our analysis showed that the plasma concentrations of nicotinamide, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine phosphate in the obese Emirati population were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, and p = 0.002, respectively). No significant differences were observed for the plasma concentrations of pyridoxine and pyridoxal phosphate. Furthermore, the concentrations of some of these vitamers in healthy Emirati volunteers were significantly different than those published in the literature for Western populations, such as American and European volunteers. This initial study underscores the need to quantify micronutrients in distinct ethnic groups, as well as people suffering from chronic metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Influence ofABCC2andABCC4Polymorphisms on Tenofovir Plasma Concentrations in Thai HIV-Infected Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3240-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokrat Rungtivasuwan ◽  
Anchalee Avihingsanon ◽  
Narukjaporn Thammajaruk ◽  
Siwaporn Mitruk ◽  
David M. Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTTenofovir (TFV) is eliminated by renal excretion, which is mediated through multidrug-resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP4, encoded byABCC2andABCC4, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms of these transporters may affect the plasma concentrations of tenofovir. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on tenofovir plasma concentrations. A cross-sectional study was performed in Thai HIV-infected patients aged ≥18 years who had been receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 300 mg once daily for at least 6 months. A middose tenofovir plasma concentration was obtained. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate whether there was an association between tenofovir plasma concentrations and demographic data, including age, sex, body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hepatitis B virus coinfection, hepatitis C virus coinfection, duration of tenofovir treatment, concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and polymorphisms ofABCC2andABCC4. A total of 150 Thai HIV-infected patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 43.9 ± 7.2 years. The mean tenofovir plasma concentration was 100.3 ± 52.7 ng/ml. In multivariate analysis, a low body weight, a low eGFR, the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and theABCC44131T → G variation (genotype TG or GG) were independently associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations. After adjusting for weight, eGFR, and the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, a 30% increase in the mean tenofovir plasma concentration was observed in patients having theABCC44131 TG or GG genotype. Both genetic and nongenetic factors affect tenofovir plasma concentrations. These factors should be considered when adjusting tenofovir dosage regimens to ensure the efficacy and safety of a drug. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01138241.)

scholarly journals 2528. Inflammation and Plasma Selenium and Chromium in Ugandan Children Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S879-S879
Author(s):  
Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo ◽  
Abdus Sattar ◽  
Lingpeng Shan ◽  
Emily Bowman ◽  
Rashida Nazzinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Selenium Supplements

Abstract Background Selenium deficiency has been reported to be associated with HIV disease progression and chromium deficiency with insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. Here, we assessed selenium and chromium status in a cohort of Ugandan HIV+, HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV negative (HIV−) children and their associations with markers of systemic inflammation, immune activation, and gut integrity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in HIV+, HEU and HIV unexposed uninfected (HIV-) children aged 2–10 years old enrolled in Uganda. HIV+ children were on stable ART with undetectable viral load. We measured plasma concentrations of selenium and chromium as well as markers of systemic inflammation, monocyte activation, gut integrity and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results Among HIV+ children (n = 57), 93% had viral load ≤ 20 copies/mL, mean CD4 was 34% and 77% were receiving a non-nucleotide reserve transcriptase regimen. Mean age of all participants was 7 years and 55% were girls. Mean selenium concentrations were higher in the HIV+ group (106 µg/L) compared with the HEU (84 µg/L) and HIV− (98 µg/L) groups (p . Mean chromium concentrations were 1 µg/L; 1 HIV+ child and 6 HEU children had chromium levels > 1 µg/L (p. Conclusion In this cohort of HIV+ children on ART in Uganda, plasma selenium and chromium concentrations appear sufficient. Higher plasma selenium concentrations were associated with lower systemic inflammation and higher gut integrity markers. Although our findings do not support the use of selenium supplementation broadly for HIV-infected children in Uganda, further studies are warranted to assess the role of selenium supplements in attenuating heightened inflammation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The Circulating GRP78/BiP Is a Marker of Metabolic Diseases and Atherosclerosis: Bringing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress into the Clinical Scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Girona ◽  
Cèlia Rodríguez-Borjabad ◽  
Daiana Ibarretxe ◽  
Joan-Carles Vallvé ◽  
Raimon Ferré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Glucose-regulated protein 78/Binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) is a protein associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and is upregulated by metabolic alterations at the tissue-level, such as hypoxia or glucose deprivation, and it is hyper-expressed in fat tissue of obese individuals. Objective: To investigate the role of the GRP78/BiP level as a metabolic and vascular disease biomarker in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM), obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Four hundred and five patients were recruited, of whom 52.5% were obese, 72.8% had DM, and 78.6% had MS. The intimae media thickness (cIMT) was assessed by ultrasonography. The plasma GRP78/BiP concentration was determined, and its association with metabolic and vascular parameters was assessed. Circulating GRP78/BiP was also prospectively measured in 30 DM patients before and after fenofibrate/niacin treatment and 30 healthy controls. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the GRP78/BiP level was significantly higher in the patients with obesity, DM, and MS. Age-, gender- and BMI-adjusted GRP78/BiP was directly associated with LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB, and cIMT. GRP78/BiP was positively associated to carotid plaque presence in the adjusted model, irrespective of obesity, DM and MS. In the prospective study, nicotinic acid treatment produced a significant reduction in the GRP78/BiP levels that was not observed with fenofibrate. Conclusions: GRP78/BiP plasma concentrations are increased in patients with both metabolic derangements and subclinical atherosclerosis. GRP78/BiP could be a useful marker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Selenium concentrations in elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study with control group

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Queiroz do Nascimento ◽  
João Araújo Barros-Neto ◽  
Nathalia Fidelis Lins Vieira ◽  
José Antonio Menezes-Filho ◽  
Sabrina Joanny Felizardo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate possible differences in plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of selenium among elderly with and without a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Cross-sectional study, performed with an elderly group with Alzheimer’s disease, diagnosed by a geriatric doctor, and compared to an elderly group without the disease, equaling gender, education, and age. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry determined plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of total selenium (Set). Results: The mean age was 74.41±7.1 years in the Alzheimer’s disease group and 71.46±5.1 years among the control group. The Alzheimer’s disease group presented lower plasma concentrations (mean of 45.29±14.51 µg/dL vs. 55.14±14.01 µg/dL; p=0.004), and erythrocyte Set (median of 56.36 µg/L vs. 76.96 µg/L; p<0.001). The logistic regression model indicated an association between erythrocyte Set concentrations and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (p=0.028). Conclusion: Elderly with Alzheimer’s disease present lower selenium concentrations in the evaluated organic compartments.

Circulating adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide do not predict blood pressure fluctuations during pheochromocytoma resection - a cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika M.a. Berends ◽  
Edward Buitenwerf ◽  
Ineke Riphagen ◽  
Jacques Wm Lenders ◽  
Henri Jlm Timmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Median Plasma

Background: despite adequate presurgical management, blood pressure fluctuations are common during resection of pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL). To a large extent, the variability in blood pressure control during PPGL resection remains unexplained. Adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide, measured as MR-proADM and NT-proBNP, respectively, are circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular dysfunction. We investigated whether plasma levels of MR-proADM and NT-proBNP are associated with blood pressure fluctuations during PPGL resection. Methods: study subjects participated in PRESCRIPT, a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing PPGL resection. MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were determined in a single plasma sample drawn before surgery. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between these biomarkers and blood pressure fluctuations, use of vasoconstrictive agents during surgery as well as occurrence of perioperative cardiovascular events. Results: a total of 126 PPGL patients were included. Median plasma concentrations of MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were 0.51 [0.41-0.63] nmol/L and 68.7 [27.9-150.4] ng/L, respectively. Neither MR-proADM or NT-proBNP were associated with blood pressure fluctuations. There was a positive correlation between MR-proADM concentration and the cumulative dose of vasoconstrictive agents (β 0.44 , P=0.001). Both MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with perioperative cardiovascular events (OR 5.46, P= 0.013 and OR 1.54, P= 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: plasma MR-proADM or NT-proBNP should not be considered biomarkers for the presurgical risk assessment of blood pressure fluctuations during PPGL resection. Future studies are needed to explore the potential influence of these biomarkers on the intraoperative requirement of vasoconstrictive agents and the perioperative cardiovascular risk.

SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE APPROACH OF THE HEALTH OF WORKERS OF THE UNICAMP’S HOSPITAL

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Kátia Stancato ◽  
Érique José Peixoto de Miranda ◽  
Magdaelei Costa Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cross Sectional

 RESUMOO Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp (HC-Unicamp) é uma instituição de saúde pública terciária e quaternária do Estado de São Paulo que emprega 3.100 funcionários, atende cerca de 500 mil pacientes por ano e em consonância com o Planejamento Estratégico da instituição, este trabalho visa a elaborar um questionário estruturado para estudo transversal acerca da saúde dos funcionários do HC-Unicamp a fim de avaliar inicialmente a saúde e o conhecimento destes, em relação a si próprio, a respeito dos seguintes temas: vacinação, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial, obesidade, sedentarismo, dislipidemia, dependência química, tuberculose, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e comportamento sexual de risco, trauma e violência, epilepsia, saúde bucal, saúde mental e acidentes pérfuro-cortantes. Após esse estudo inicial, cujos dados serão trabalhados de maneira descritiva, ter-se-á em mãos um instrumento para guiar um programa de intervenção, em uma feira de saúde, cujo um evento será de utilidade pública e sem fins lucrativos, realizado nas dependências do HC-Unicamp, que poderá englobar, conforme a disponibilidade de verbas e recursos, comunidades adjacentes. O evento será o passo inicial de um trabalho de sensibilização dos funcionários que deverá ser realizado continuamente, por meio de vigilância em saúde realizada no HC-Unicamp.Descritores: Educação em saúde; Enfermagem; Saúde ocupacional. ABSTRACTHospital das Clínicas da Unicamp (HC-Unicamp) is a state of São Paulo tertiary and quaternary public health care institution that employees 3,100 peoples and takes care of about 500.000 patients per year. According the Institution Strategical Planning, this paper aims at elaborating a questionnaire structuralized for cross-sectional study, concerning the employees health of the HC-Unicamp with purpose to evaluate the health and the knowledge of these, in relation proper itself, regarding the following subjects: diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, obesity, sedentarism, dislipidemia, drugs dependence, sexually transmissible diseases, tuberculosis,  trauma and violence, epilepsy, buccal health, mental health, accidents with biohazardous materials and immunization. After this initial study, whose data will be analyzed in descriptive way, we’ll have in hands an instrument to guide an intervention program, which will take form of workshop, which is a public utility event of, gratuitous, carried through in the dependences of the HC-Unicamp, being able to involve, as the money mounts availability and resources, communities adjacent. The event is the initial step of an employee’s sensitization program of that will have to be carried through in continuous way, by means of monitoring in health carried through in the HC-Unicamp.Descriptors: Health education; Nursing; Occupational health. RESUMENEl Hospital de las Clínicas del Unicamp es una institución pública terciaria y cuaternaria de salud del Estado de São Paulo, con 3.100 personas empleadas y atiende cerca de 500.000 pacientes por año. En consonancia con la Planificación Estratégica de la institución, este trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar un cuestionario estructurado, para un estudio transversal, referente a la salud de empleados del HC-Unicamp con propósito de evaluar inicialmente la salud y el conocimiento de éstos en relación a sí mismo, con respecto a los siguientes temas:  inmunización, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, obesidad, sedentarismo, dislipidemia, dependencia química, enfermedades de transmisión sexual y comportamiento sexual de riesgo, tuberculosis, trauma y violencia, epilepsia, salud bucal, salud mental, accidentes con los materiales punzo-cortantes. Después de este estudio inicial, los datos serán analizados de manera descriptiva, y tendremos en mano un instrumento para dirigir un programa de intervención, en una feria de salud; evento que será de utilidad pública, gratuito, realizándose en las dependencias del HC-Unicamp, que podrá ampliarse, de acuerdo a  disponibilidad de espacio, dinero y recursos a las comunidades vecinas. El acontecimiento es el paso inicial del programa de sensibilización de los empleados, que deberá ser realizado continuamente, por medio de la supervisión en salud realizada en el HC-Unicamp. Descriptores: Educación para la salud; Enfermería; Salud ocupacional; Estudio transversal 

Vegetable Consumption and Carotenoids in Plasma and Adipose Tissue in Malaga, Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gómez-Aracena ◽  
R. Bogers ◽  
P. Van’t Veer ◽  
E. Gómez-Gracia ◽  
A. García-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Pepper

Objective: To study relationships between habitual dietary intake, adipose tissue concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lycopene, and plasma concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotene. Design: Cross-sectional study including assessment of food habits by a food frequency questionnaire and 48-hour recall and determination of carotenoid concentrations in adipose tissue and plasma. Subjects: 51 women (mean age of 62 years) from the control group of the European Community Multicentre Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Breast Cancer (EURAMIC), Málaga, Spain. Results: In adipose tissue, beta-carotene was correlated with consumption of green pepper (r = 0.36; p < 0.05) and lycopene with total fruit/vegetable intake (r = 0.28; p < 0.05), green pepper (r = 0.31; p < 0.05), and carrot (r = 0.25; p < 0.10). In plasma, beta-carotene was correlated with total fruit/vegetable intake (r = 0.29; p < 0.10), lettuce (r = 0.34; p < 0.05), tomato (r = 0.26; p < 0.10), and lycopene with total fruit/vegetable intake (r = 0.27; p < 0.10). Age-, BMI- and waist circumference-adjusted regression coefficients for the regression of logn-transformed adipose and plasma concentrations on consumption of specific fruits and vegetables (per 100g/day) were calculated. In adipose tissue, coefficients were: 1.50 (p < 0.05) for alpha-carotene/carrot; 1.90 (p < 0.10) and 0.51 (p < 0.10) for beta-carotene/green pepper and lettuce; 2.02 (p < 0.05), 1.25 (p < 0.05) and 0.18 (p < 0.05) for lycopene/green pepper, carrot and total fruit/vegetable intake. In plasma, coefficients were 1.14 (p < 0.05) and 0.21 (p < 0.05) for beta-carotene/lettuce and total fruit/vegetable intake. Conclusions: Consumption of fruit and vegetables could be linked directly to carotenoid concentrations in adipose tissue and plasma. Although associations with individual food items are related to their carotenoid contents, the absorption and distribution of carotenoids needs more attention to improve their usefulness as biomarkers of exposure.

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