Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Ukrainian Iris Species: A Fresh Look on Their Antioxidant Content and Biological Activities

The major groups of antioxidant compounds (isoflavonoids, xanthones, hydroxycinnamic acids) in the rhizome methanol extracts of four Ukrainian Iris sp. (Iris pallida, Iris hungarica, Iris sibirica, and Iris variegata) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS/MS. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, mangiferin, tectoridin, irigenin, iristectorigenin B, irisolidone, 5,6-dihydroxy-7,8,3′,5′-tetramethoxyisoflavone, irisolidone-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, germanaism B, and nigricin were recognized by comparing their UV/MS spectra, chromatographic retention time (tR) with those of standard reference compounds. I. hungarica and I. variegata showed the highest total amount of phenolic compounds. Germanaism B was the most abundant component in the rhizomes of I. variegata (7.089 ± 0.032 mg/g) and I. hungarica (6.285 ± 0.030 mg/g). The compound analyses showed good calibration curve linearity (r2 > 0.999) and low detection and quantifications limit. These results validated the method for its use in the simultaneous quantitative evaluation of phenolic compounds in the studied Iris sp. I. hungarica and I. variegata rhizomes exhibited antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by the HPLC-ABTS system and NRF2 expression assay and anti-inflammatory activity on respiratory burst in human neutrophils. Moreover, the extracts showed anti-allergic and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. Anti-coronavirus 229E and lipid formation activities were also evaluated. In summary, potent antioxidant marker compounds were identified in the examined Iris sp.

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Modulatory Effect of Chelidonium majus Extract and Its Alkaloids on LPS-Stimulated Cytokine Secretion in Human Neutrophils

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25040842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 842 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sylwia Zielińska ◽

Monika Ewa Czerwińska ◽

Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker ◽

Andrzej Dryś ◽

Mariusz Kucharski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Cytokine Secretion ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Root Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Chelidonium Majus ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

High Cytotoxicity

Due to certain differences in terms of molecular structure, isoquinoline alkaloids from Chelidonium majus engage in various biological activities. Apart from their well-documented antimicrobial potential, some phenanthridine and protoberberine derivatives as well as C. majus extract present with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. In this study, the LC–MS/MS method was used to determine alkaloids, phenolic acids, carboxylic acids, and hydroxybenzoic acids. We investigated five individually tested alkaloids (coptisine, berberine, chelidonine, chelerythrine, and sanguinarine) as well as C. majus root extract for their effect on the secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils). Berberine, chelidonine, and chelerythrine significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner. Sanguinarine was found to be the most potent inhibitor of IL-1β secretion. However, the overproduction of IL-8 and TNF-α and a high cytotoxicity for these compounds were observed. Coptisine was highly cytotoxic and slightly decreased the secretion of the studied cytokines. The extract (1.25–12.5 μg/mL) increased cytokine secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, but an increase in cytotoxicity was also noted. The alkaloids were active at very low concentrations (0.625–2.5 μM), but their potential cytotoxic effects, except for chelidonine and chelerythrine, should not be ignored.

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Variability of Total Polyphenol Contents in Ground Coffee Products and Their Antioxidant Capacities through Different Reaction Mechanisms

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac124.48574870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 4857-4870

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Reaction Mechanisms ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Maillard Reactions ◽

Antioxidant Capacities ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

Ground Coffee

Coffee is one of the most popular non-alcoholic drinks consumed daily by millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by varieties and processing, which cause changes in chemical compositions and biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of roasting degrees during the processing period (light, medium, and dark) on the total polyphenol contents (TPCs) in-ground coffee products of arabica, robusta, and liberica and their trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEACs) through various chemical reaction mechanisms (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC). The analytical methods were conducted based on spectrophotometric principle after the microwave-assisted liquid extraction. The results of the TPCs followed the descending order of robusta (34.3-48.23 mg GAE g–1) > liberica (31.5-34.37 mg GAE g–1) > arabica (27.1-44.11 mg GAE g–1). Moreover, robusta coffee generally performed greater TEACs than liberica and arabica. Besides, the TPCs and TEACs varied regarding different roasting degrees, in which the medium roasting mostly exhibited the highest values due to the balance between the degradation of phenolic compounds and the generation of new antioxidant compounds mainly from the Maillard reactions. Strong correlations between TPCs and antioxidant capacities (R2 > 0.6), indicating rich phenolic compounds played key roles in TEACs of coffee.

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Ultrasound-Assisted “Green” Extraction (UAE) of Antioxidant Compounds (Betalains and Phenolics) from Opuntia stricta var. Dilenii’s Fruits: Optimization and Biological Activities

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10111786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1786

Author(s):

Iván Gómez-López ◽

Gloria Lobo-Rodrigo ◽

María P. Portillo ◽

M. Pilar Cano

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Potential Health ◽

Green Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s prickly pears are an underutilized fruit with a high content of betalains and phenolic compounds that could bring potential health benefits for humans. The aim of this study is the optimization of the “green” extraction of betalains and phenolic compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s whole fruits by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), using a response surface methodology (RSM) by a central composite design (CCD) in order to obtain extracts rich in betalains and phenolic compounds with proven biological activities. For UAE optimization, the extraction temperature (20–50 °C), the amplitude (20–50%) and the ethanol volume in extraction solvent (15–80%, v/v) were selected as independent variables. All combinations were conducted at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min to determinate the time effect. The betalain and phenolic compound content in Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s whole fruits and UAE extracts were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF and the antioxidant (ORAC method) and the anti-inflammatory (hyaluronidase inhibition method) in vitro biological activities also were determined. The most efficient extraction time was 5 min and the best UAE parameter combination was 50% amplitude, 15% ethanol in solvent (ethanol/water, 15/85, v/v) and 20 °C temperature, obtaining 10.06 ± 0.10 mg of total major betalains/g dry weight, 2.32 ± 0.08 mg of piscidic acid/g dry weight and 0.38 ± 0.00 mg of total major flavonoids/g dry weight. All applied UAE combinations significantly improved the in vitro bioactive activities (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) of the Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii’s extracts compared to the bioactivities of the extracts obtained by standard homogenization processes.

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EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN LIPPIA SIDOIDES CHAM LEAVES

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v13.n25.2016.52_periodico25_pgs_52_60.pdf ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (25) ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

Thayrine Dias CARLOS ◽

Welington FRANCISCO ◽

Luiz Gustavo de Lima GUIMARÃES

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Chemical Research ◽

Lippia Sidoides ◽

Good Ability

Several chemical, pharmacological and clinical studies have enabled phytochemical area developed a many drugs used today, such as aspirin, digitoxin, morphine, quinine and pilocarpine. In addition, this area has enriched and expanded numerous species of plants with medicinal potential, resulting in the isolation of substances with diverse biological activities that serve as prototypes for future drugs. This study aims to explore the potential of the species Lippia sidoides, quantifying the content of phenolic compounds from the methanol extract of the leaves, as well as evaluating the antioxidant activity. For chemical research, we used the spectrophotometric method of Folin-Ciocalteau using gallic acid as standard, which allowed determining a level of 126.89 ± 23.08 mg of gallic acid/g extract for total phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteau’ methods, a value within the patterns found in the literature. When evaluated the antioxidant activity by methods of inhibiting free radical DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), oxidation of linoleic β-carotene/linoleic acid system and reducing power, the results showed 90% inhibition for the first two methods and a good ability to donate electron to the latter method. This results show the potential that this plant has as a source of antioxidant compounds and the need to further explore the phytochemical studies on this species.

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Innovative Extraction Techniques for the Optimum Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Peanut Meal and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities

Advances in Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.33140/anfs.04.02.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Carcinoma Cell ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Peanut Meal ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Phenolic Extract ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Water Ratio

There is a worldwide demand for phenolic compounds (PC) because they exhibit several biological activities. This work aimed at extracting phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The methods of extraction were mainly: conventional solvent extraction (traditional methods) and ultrasound assisted extraction (recent methods) and comparing their results. Peanut meal (PM) was prepared by defatting with n-hexane, and then extracted by the two previous methods. First, the conventional solvents used were 80% methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, and distilled water. Then studied Different parameters such as meal: water ratio, also the effect of temperature and the pH on the extraction process. Second, ultrasonic assisted extractions (USAE), the parameters investigated were temperature, time and speed of sonication. Finally, all the extracts were analyzed by HPLC for their phenolic contents. Results indicated that the highest extracted PC achieved by solvents was in distilled water where 1:100, Meal: Water ratio which extracted 40 mg PC / g PM at 30& 35°C. Highest extracted PC was achieved by alkaline medium at pH 12 more than acidic and neutral medium. While (USAE) at speed 8 ultrasonication and temperature 30ᵒC, extracted 49.2mg PC /g PM. Sothe ultrasound assisted extraction exhibited great influence on the extraction of phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The ultrasonic peanut extract was examined for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. The antioxidant activity of PM phenolic extract prepared by ultrasonic technique, was measured by, β-carotene, and DPPH methods, and reducing antioxidant power. Results revealed values: 84.57, 57.72 and 5960 respectively. The PM extract showed different levels of antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria used. As for the anticarcinogenic effect PM phenolic extract most effective on inhibiting colon carcinoma and lung carcinoma cell lines with IC50 = 20.7 and 20.8 µ/ml., respectively. This was followed by intestinal carcinoma and liver carcinoma cell lines with IC50= 39.6 and 40.2µ/ml.

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Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Terpenes from Cannabis sativa L. By-Products: From Conventional to Intensified Processes

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10060942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 942

Author(s):

Emilie Isidore ◽

Hamza Karim ◽

Irina Ioannou

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽

By Products

Cannabis sativa L. is a controversial crop due to its high tetrahydrocannabinol content varieties; however, the hemp varieties get an increased interest. This paper describes (i) the main categories of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, stilbenoids and lignans) and terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) from C. sativa by-products and their biological activities and (ii) the main extraction techniques for their recovery. It includes not only common techniques such as conventional solvent extraction, and hydrodistillation, but also intensification and emerging techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction or supercritical CO2 extraction. The effect of the operating conditions on the yield and composition of these categories of phenolic compounds and terpenes was discussed. A thorough investigation of innovative extraction techniques is indeed crucial for the extraction of phenolic compounds and terpenes from cannabis toward a sustainable industrial valorization of the whole plant.

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Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Luana Beatriz dos Santos Nascimento ◽

Antonella Gori ◽

Andrea Raffaelli ◽

Francesco Ferrini ◽

Cecilia Brunetti

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Skin Care ◽

Modern Trend ◽

Perennial Species ◽

Collagenase Activity ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽

Ferulic Acids

The use of plant extracts in skin-care cosmetics is a modern trend due to their richness in polyphenols that act as anti-aging molecules. Hibiscus roseus is a perennial species naturalized in Italy, with beautiful soft pink flowers; its phenolic composition and biological activities have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the phenolics and to evaluate the antioxidant, sun protection factor (SPF), and anti-collagenase activities of the ethanolic extracts of H. roseus leaves (HL) and flowers (HF). p-Coumaric, chlorogenic, and trans-ferulic acids derivatives as well as quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids were the main phenolic compounds detected. Catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, tiliroside, oenin, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were detected only in HF, while phloridzin was exclusive from HL, which also showed greater amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HF was richer in flavonoids and total phenolics, also exhibiting greater antioxidant capacity. The SPF and anti-collagenase activity of both extracts were similar and comparable to those of synthetic standards. The overall results demonstrate that H. roseus extracts are promising sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that could be potentially applied as anti-aging agents in skin-care cosmetics.

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In Vitro Chemopreventive Potential of Phlorotannins-Rich Extract from Brown Algae by Inhibition of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced P2X7 Activation and Toxic Effects

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19010034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Mélody Dutot ◽

Elodie Olivier ◽

Sophie Fouyet ◽

Romain Magny ◽

Karim Hammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Algae ◽

P2x7 Receptor ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Human Lung Cells ◽

Cytochrome P450 Activity ◽

Species Production ◽

E Cadherin

Phlorotannins are polyphenols occurring exclusively in some species of brown algae, known for numerous biological activities, e.g., antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antiallergic properties. Their effects on the response of human lung cells to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has not been characterized. Our objective was to in vitro evaluate the effects of a phlorotannin-rich extract obtained from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on B[a]P cytotoxic effects. The A549 cell line was incubated with B[a]P for 48 and 72 h in the presence or absence of the brown algae extract. Cytochrome P450 activity, activation of P2X7 receptor, F-actin disorganization, and loss of E-cadherin expression were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Relative to control, incubation with the brown algae extract was associated with lower B[a]P-induced CYP1 activity, lower P2X7 receptor activation, and lower reactive oxygen species production. The brown algae extract inhibited the alterations of F-actin arrangement and the downregulation of E-cadherin expression. We identified a phlorotannins-rich extract that could be deeper investigated as a cancer chemopreventive agent to block B[a]P-mediated carcinogenesis.

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Methodologies in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): Composition, Biological Activity, and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7020035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Bety W. Hapsari ◽

Manikharda ◽

Widiastuti Setyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Human Health ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Research Progress ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Positive Effects

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), as an edible flower, has long provided an array of positive effects on human health. This benefit is a result of phenolic compounds that are naturally present mainly in the calyx. Plentiful medicinal remedies and functional foods based on this flower are available worldwide, as supported by the studies of phenolic compounds in recent decades. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the composition, biological activity, and beneficial effects on human health of phenolic compounds in roselle. This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A structured search in the published literature for phenolics compositions in roselle was required prior to the evaluation on the validity of the reported analytical methods. Reliable identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in roselle can be achieved by employing the proper extraction and separation methods. With ample alternative analytical methods discussed here, this review provided an aid for comprehending and selecting the most appropriate method for a particular study. The applications of the analytical methods highlighted indicated that phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their derivatives have been identified and quantified in roselle with a range of biological activities and beneficial effects on human health. It was also disclosed that the composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in roselle vary due to the growth factors, cultivars, and environmental influence. Finally, apart from the research progress carried out with roselle during the last ten years, this review also proposed relevant future works.

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Antiviral Role of Phenolic Compounds against Dengue Virus: A Review

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11010011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Vanessa Loaiza-Cano ◽

Laura Milena Monsalve-Escudero ◽

Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho ◽

Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez ◽

Damião Pergentino de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antiviral Effect ◽

Health Concern ◽

Host Proteins ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Antiviral Role ◽

Productive Replication

Phenolic compounds have been related to multiple biological activities, and the antiviral effect of these compounds has been demonstrated in several viral models of public health concern. In this review, we show the antiviral role of phenolic compounds against dengue virus (DENV), the most widespread arbovirus globally that, after its re-emergence, has caused multiple epidemic outbreaks, especially in the last two years. Twenty phenolic compounds with anti-DENV activity are discussed, including the multiple mechanisms of action, such as those directed against viral particles or viral proteins, host proteins or pathways related to the productive replication viral cycle and the spread of the infection.

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