Recent Advances in Scaffolding from Natural-Based Polymers for Volumetric Muscle Injury

Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) is associated with muscle loss function and often untreated and considered part of the natural sequelae of trauma. Various types of biomaterials with different physical and properties have been developed to treat VML. However, much work remains yet to be done before the scaffolds can pass from the bench to the bedside. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the construction and application of natural polymers-based tissue scaffolding for volumetric muscle injury. Here, the tissue engineering approaches for treating volumetric muscle loss injury are highlighted and recent advances in cell-based therapies using various sources of stem cells are elaborated in detail. An overview of different strategies of tissue scaffolding and their efficacy on skeletal muscle cells regeneration and migration are presented. Furthermore, the present paper discusses a wide range of natural polymers with a special focus on proteins and polysaccharides that are major components of the extracellular matrices. The natural polymers are biologically active and excellently promote cell adhesion and growth. These bio-characteristics justify natural polymers as one of the most attractive options for developing scaffolds for muscle cell regeneration.

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Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13143072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3072

Author(s):

Motaharesadat Hosseini ◽

Masoud Mozafari

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Cerium Oxide ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Critical Role ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Special Focus ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Wide Range

Submicron biomaterials have recently been found with a wide range of applications for biomedical purposes, mostly due to a considerable decrement in size and an increment in surface area. There have been several attempts to use innovative nanoscale biomaterials for tissue repair and tissue regeneration. One of the most significant metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), with numerous potential uses in future medicine, is engineered cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (CeONPs), also known as nanoceria. Although many advancements have been reported so far, nanotoxicological studies suggest that the nanomaterial’s characteristics lie behind its potential toxicity. Particularly, physicochemical properties can explain the positive and negative interactions between CeONPs and biosystems at molecular levels. This review represents recent advances of CeONPs in biomedical engineering, with a special focus on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In addition, a summary report of the toxicity evidence on CeONPs with a view toward their biomedical applications and physicochemical properties is presented. Considering the critical role of nanoengineering in the manipulation and optimization of CeONPs, it is expected that this class of nanoengineered biomaterials plays a promising role in the future of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Guidelines for Models of Skeletal Muscle Injury and Therapeutic Assessment

Cells Tissues Organs ◽

10.1159/000445345 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 202 (3-4) ◽

pp. 214-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nick J. Willett ◽

Laxminarayanan Krishnan ◽

Mon Tzu A. Li ◽

Robert E. Guldberg ◽

Gordon L. Warren

Keyword(s):

Muscle Injury ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Therapeutic Assessment ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss ◽

Clinical Challenge ◽

The Us ◽

Us Government ◽

The Usa ◽

Injury Models

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries present a large clinical challenge with a significant need for new interventions. While there have been numerous reviews on muscle injury models, few have critically evaluated VML models. The objective of this review is to discuss current preclinical models of VML in terms of models, analytical outcomes, and therapeutic interventions, and to provide guidelines for the future use of preclinical VML models. This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the USA. Foreign copyrights may apply. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

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Recent Advances in Gelatin-Based Nanomedicine for Targeted Delivery of Anti-Cancer Drugs

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666211102100118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Faisal Raza ◽

Liu Siyu ◽

Hajra Zafar ◽

Zul Kamal ◽

Bo Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Gelatin Nanoparticles ◽

Good Surface ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Wide Range ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cancer Nanomedicine

: Nanoparticles based on natural polymers are utilized for the development of a wide range of drug delivery systems (DDS) in the current era. Gelatin-based nanoparticles, for example, are a remarkable cancer therapy with high efficacy and specificity. This paper reviews the recent advancements in gelatin-based nanomedicine for use in cancer therapeutics. Due to the characteristics features of gelatin, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability, and good surface properties, these nanoparticles provide high therapeutic potency in cancer nanomedicine. The surface of gelatin can be modified in a number of ways using various ligands to explore the platform for the development of a more novel DDS. Various methods are available for the preparation of gelatin nanomedicine discussed in this review. In addition, various cross-linkers to stabilized nanocarriers and stimuli base gelatin nanoparticles are reviewed. Furthermore, recent advances and research in gelatin-based nanomedicine are discussed. Also, some drawbacks and challenges are evaluated. In general, this paper paves the pathway to identify the details about the gelatin-based DDS for cancer therapy.

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Perivascular adipose tissue: more than just structural support

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20110151 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Theodora Szasz ◽

R. Clinton Webb

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Vascular Biology ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Structural Support ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Migration ◽

Obesity Hypertension ◽

And Function

PVAT (perivascular adipose tissue) has recently been recognized as a novel factor in vascular biology, with implications in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Composed mainly of adipocytes, PVAT releases a wide range of biologically active molecules that modulate vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, proliferation and migration. PVAT exerts an anti-contractile effect in various vascular beds which seems to be mediated by an as yet elusive PVRF [PVAT-derived relaxing factor(s)]. Considerable progress has been made on deciphering the nature and mechanisms of action of PVRF, and the PVRFs proposed until now are reviewed here. However, complex pathways seem to regulate PVAT function and more than one mechanism is probably responsible for PVAT actions in vascular biology. The present review describes our current knowledge on the structure and function of PVAT, with a focus on its role in modulating vascular tone. Potential involvements of PVAT dysfunction in obesity, hypertension and atherosclerosis will be highlighted.

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Natural Polymers in ihe Development of Floating Drug Delivery Systems: A Review

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences ◽

10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17116 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 165-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kumar Ganesh ◽

Dhyani Archana ◽

Kothiyal Preeti

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Special Focus ◽

Polymer Science ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Principal Mechanism ◽

Floating Drug Delivery ◽

Wide Range ◽

Floating Drug Delivery Systems

The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention . This can be achieved by use of various polymeric substances including natural polymers. These polymers are inexpensive, safe and available in a variety of structures with versatile characteristics. Large number of derivatizable groups, wide range of molecular weights, varying chemical composition gel forming nature of these polymers also provide an exciting opportunities in the fascinating arena of applied polymer science and drug delivery technology. All these characteristics make them suitable candidate for design and fabrication of novel gastroretentive drug delivery systems. Various natural polymers have been investigated worldwide by scientific community for their potential as floating drug delivery systems. The present article highlights various recent efforts and advanced approaches exploiting several natural polymers in this technology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17116 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 165-178

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Recent Advances in the Use of the Dimerization Strategy as a Means to Increase the Biological Potential of Natural or Synthetic Molecules

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2340

Author(s):

Alexis Paquin ◽

Carlos Reyes-Moreno ◽

Gervais Bérubé

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Agents ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Special Focus ◽

Reaction Sequence ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Biological Potential

The design of C2-symmetric biologically active molecules is a subject of interest to the scientific community. It provides the possibility of discovering medicine with higher biological potential than the parent drugs. Such molecules are generally produced by classic chemistry, considering the shortness of reaction sequence and the efficacy for each step. This review describes and analyzes recent advances in the field and emphasizes selected C2-symmetric molecules (or axial symmetric molecules) made during the last 10 years. However, the description of the dimers is contextualized by prior work allowing its development, and they are categorized by their structure and/or by their properties. Hence, this review presents dimers composed of steroids, sugars, and nucleosides; known and synthetic anticancer agents; polyphenol compounds; terpenes, known and synthetic antibacterial agents; and natural products. A special focus on the anticancer potential of the dimers transpires throughout the review, notwithstanding their structure and/or primary biological properties.

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Immunomodulation and Biomaterials: Key Players to Repair Volumetric Muscle Loss

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10082016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 2016

Author(s):

Sonia Kiran ◽

Pankaj Dwivedi ◽

Vijay Kumar ◽

Robert L. Price ◽

Udai P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Immune Response ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Regenerative Process ◽

Great Promise ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Muscle Injuries ◽

Volumetric Muscle Loss ◽

Challenging Situation

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is defined as a condition in which a large volume of skeletal muscle is lost due to physical insult. VML often results in a heightened immune response, resulting in significant long-term functional impairment. Estimates indicate that ~250,000 fractures occur in the US alone that involve VML. Currently, there is no active treatment to fully recover or repair muscle loss in VML patients. The health economics burden due to VML is rapidly increasing around the world. Immunologists, developmental biologists, and muscle pathophysiologists are exploring both immune responses and biomaterials to meet this challenging situation. The inflammatory response in muscle injury involves a non-specific inflammatory response at the injured site that is coordination between the immune system, especially macrophages and muscle. The potential role of biomaterials in the regenerative process of skeletal muscle injury is currently an important topic. To this end, cell therapy holds great promise for the regeneration of damaged muscle following VML. However, the delivery of cells into the injured muscle site poses a major challenge as it might cause an adverse immune response or inflammation. To overcome this obstacle, in recent years various biomaterials with diverse physical and chemical nature have been developed and verified for the treatment of various muscle injuries. These biomaterials, with desired tunable physicochemical properties, can be used in combination with stem cells and growth factors to repair VML. In the current review, we focus on how various immune cells, in conjunction with biomaterials, can be used to promote muscle regeneration and, most importantly, suppress VML pathology.

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Biochemical activity of the microflora of a free-living bird

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020301007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 203 ◽

pp. 01007

Author(s):

Zoya Litvinova ◽

Nikolay Mandro ◽

Olga Yakubik

Keyword(s):

Animal Husbandry ◽

Amur Region ◽

The Body ◽

Enzymatic Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Biochemical Activity ◽

Free Living ◽

Wide Range ◽

In The Wild ◽

And Migration

Free-living birds have a wide range of habitats, can be present in the wild, near human homes, livestock and poultry complexes, farms. As a result of migration and migration of birds, the probability of spreading infectious diseases increases. In the body of birds, the pathogen can persist, multiply, be released into the external environment, and then enter the body of a healthy animal or bird, becoming the cause of new cases of the disease. Detection of pathogenic microflora in the body of free-living birds, determination of their biochemical activity is one of the aspects of studying pathogens in the parasitic phase of existence. The identification of biologically active bacteria allows us to predict the probability of free-living poultry participating in the epizootic process, and to plan appropriate preventive measures in poultry and animal husbandry. The purpose of the study is to study the species composition and biochemical activity of the microflora of the free-living birds of the Amur region. For research on the territory of the Amur region, impregnations from beaks and cloaks. The study identified such microorganisms as Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Actinobacillus, Escherichia, Micrococcus, Aspergillus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Proteus, and Staphylococcus. Biochemical activity was detected in microorganisms of Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter iwoffi, Actinobacillus species, Enterobacter aecum, Staphуlococcus кloossi, Staphуlococcus hуicus, Staphуlococcus aureus, Staphуlococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophуticus. Enzymatic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.8%), Pseudomonas species (6.4%), and Micrococcus candidus (1.2%) had weakly expressed enzymatic properties.

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Aspergillus sydowii Strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor Isolate BAB-6580: Potential Source of Xylanolytic, Cellulolytic and Amylolytic Enzymes

Science Letters ◽

10.24191/sl.v14i2.9539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Zaidah Zainal ariffin

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Enzymes ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Aspergillus Versicolor ◽

Aspergillus Sydowii ◽

Aspergillus Tamarii ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Amylolytic Enzymes ◽

Potato Dextrose Broth ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Fungi is known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites and enzymes. Enzymes produced by fungi are utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries because of their rich enzymatic profile. Filamentous fungi are particularly interesting due to their high production of extracellular enzymes which has a large industrial potential. The aim of this study is to isolate potential soil fungi species that are able to produce functional enzymes for industries. Five Aspergillus species were successfully isolated from antibiotic overexposed soil (GPS coordinate of N3.093219 E101.40269) by standard microbiological method. The isolated fungi were identified via morphological observations and molecular tools; polymerase chain reactions, ITS 1 (5’- TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G3’) forward primer and ITS 4 (5’-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3’) reverse primer. The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066, Aspergillus tamarii isolate TN-7, Aspergillus candidus strain KUFA 0062, Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580, and Aspergillus protuberus strain KAS 6024. Supernatant obtained via submerged fermentation of the isolated fungi in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and extracted via centrifugation was loaded onto specific media to screen for the production of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes. The present findings indicate that Aspergillus sydowii strain SCAU066 and Aspergillus versicolor isolate BAB-6580 have great potential as an alternative source of xylanolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes.

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A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF ISATIN DERIVATIVES

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research ◽

10.31069/japsr.v1i2.13063 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

Shukla PK ◽

Singh MP ◽

Patel R

Keyword(s):

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Recent Past ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Isatin Derivatives

Indole and its derivatives have engaged a unique place in the chemistry of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. The recognition of the plant growthhormone, heteroauxin, the significant amino acids, tryptamine & tryptophan and anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacine are the imperativederivatives of indole which have added stimulus to this review work. Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione), an indole derivative of plant origin. Althoughit is a naturally occurring compound, but was synthesized by Erdmann and Laurent in 1840 before it was found in nature. Isatin is a versatileprecursor for many biologically active molecules and its diversified nature makes it a versatile substrate for further modifications. It is concernedin many pharmacological activities like anti-malarial, antiviral, anti-allergic, antimicrobial etc; isatin and its derivatives have been also found todemonstrate promising outcomes against various cancer cell lines. This review provides a brief overview on the recent advances and futureperspectives on chemistry and biological aspects of isatin and its derivatives reported in the recent past.

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